web.xml根标签web-app规范

WEB-INF/web.xml文件其实就是一个描述web应用如何被部署的配置文件。web.xml根元素web-app各版本写法如下：

1. Servlet 3.1 部署描述符

Java EE 7 XML schema, namespace is http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
		 http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
</web-app>

web-app_3.1.xsd和version="3.1"其实对应的就是Servlet版本。

This is the XML Schema for the Servlet 3.1 deployment descriptor.
The deployment descriptor must be named "WEB-INF/web.xml" in the
web application's war file.  All Servlet deployment descriptors
must indicate the web application schema by using the Java EE
namespace:

http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee 

and by indicating the version of the schema by 
using the version element as shown below: 

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="..."
version="3.1"> 
...
</web-app>

The instance documents may indicate the published version of
the schema using the xsi:schemaLocation attribute for Java EE
namespace with the following location:

http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd

2. Servlet 3.0 部署描述符

Java EE 6 XML schema, namespace is http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
	      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	      version="3.0">
</web-app>

3. Servlet 2.5 部署描述符

Java EE 5 XML schema, namespace is http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
	      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	      version="2.5">
</web-app>

4. Servlet 2.4 部署描述符

J2EE 1.4 XML schema, namespace is http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
	      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
	      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
	      version="2.4">

  <display-name>Servlet 2.4 Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>

5. Servlet 2.3 部署描述符

J2EE 1.3 DTDs schema. This web.xml file is too old, highly recommend you to upgrade it.

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Servlet 2.3 Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>

原文链接： http://www.mkyong.com/web-development/the-web-xml-deployment-descriptor-examples/