/bin and /usr/bin - contain all the commonly used Unix commands (binaries, hence the name bin)
/sbin and /usr/sbin - contain commands that only the system administrator can execute
/etc - contains the system configuration files
/dev - contains all hardware device files
/home, or /u - all users are housed here
/tmp - users are allowed to create temporary files and save them here. These files are regularly deleted
/var - the variable part of the file system. Contains all your print jobs, mail queues and incoming mail
/lib - contains all library files
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