c++必须使用虚析构函数的要点:
1.该类分配了资源,而这些资源又不会由成员函数自动释放;
2.通常在构造函数中包含new操作,析构函数中包含delete操作;
3.虚析构函数只有在该类为基类的情况下才有用,即该类被继承的情况;
下面的示例显示了,当基类base的析构函数为虚析构函数和非虚析构函数的情况下,析构函数的调用情况:
头文件1:
class base
{
public:
base(void);
~base(void);
};
class derive : public base
{
public:
derive(void);
~derive(void);
};
头文件2:
class base
{
public:
base(void);
virtual ~base(void);
};
class derive : public base
{
public:
derive(void);
~derive(void);
};
源文件:
base::base(void)
{
printf("base constructor ...\n");
}
base::~base(void)
{
printf("base destructor ...\n");
}
derive::derive(void)
{
printf("derive constructor ...\n");
}
derive::~derive(void)
{
printf("derive destructor ...\n");
}
调用情况:
base *p = new derive;
delete p;
输出情况:
析构函数为非虚函数的情况:
base constructor ...
derive constructor ...
base destructor ...
析构函数为非虚函数的情况:
base constructor ...
derive constructor ...
derive destructor ...
base destructor ...