访问Web元素
取得Map类型request,session,application,真实类型 HttpServletRequest, HttpSession, ServletContext的引用:
1. 前三者:依赖于容器
2. 前三者:IOC (只用这种)
3. 后三者:依赖于容器
4. 后三者:IOC
方法一:ActionContext方式
一般在Action类的构造方法、或execute()方法中获取。
public class LoginAction1 extends ActionSupport {
private Map request;
private Map session;
private Map application;
public LoginAction1() {
request = (Map)ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
}
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
在构造方法中已经得到了request,session,application对象了,然后在execute方法中对它们添加相应的值。对应的jsp页面代码如下:
<body>
<form name="f" action="" method="post">
姓名:
<input type="text" name="name" />
密码:
<input type="text" name="password" />
<br />
<input type="button" value="submit1"
οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login1';document.f.submit();">
<input type="button" value="submit2"
οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login2';document.f.submit();">
<input type="button" value="submit3"
οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login3';document.f.submit();">
<input type="button" value="submit4"
οnclick="javascript:document.f.action='login4';document.f.submit();">
</form>
</body>
这里用到了javascript相关内容,首先定义form表单,action对应为空,当点击不同的提交按钮时,onclick对应不同的action,然后在Jsp页面中获取相关web元素:
<body>
User Login Success!
<br />
<s:property value="#request.r1"/> | <%=request.getAttribute("r1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#session.s1"/> | <%=session.getAttribute("s1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#application.a1"/> | <%=application.getAttribute("a1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#attr.a1"/><br />
<s:property value="#attr.s1"/><br />
<s:property value="#attr.r1"/><br />
<s:debug></s:debug>
<br />
</body>
注:因为request、session、application对象Struts2将放入到Action Context中,因此需要使用#key来访问对象们。后面的是java脚本代码的访问方式。
方式二:Ioc(控制反转)—推荐使用
让Action类实现RequestAware、SessionAware、ApplicationAware接口,然后重写他们的set方法(setRequest、setSession、setApplication),通过依赖注入、控制反转(原来自己控制,现在由别人来控制值。)
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,SessionAware, ApplicationAware {
private Map<String, Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;
//DI dependency injection依赖注入
//IoC inverse of control控制反转
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "r1");
session.put("s1", "s1");
application.put("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
this.application = application;
}
}
在视图(JSP)页面中获取相关对象,同方式一。
方式三:获取原类型
获取是的HttpServletRequest/HttpSession/ServletContext
public class LoginAction3 extends ActionSupport {
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;
public LoginAction3() {
request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
session = request.getSession();
application = session.getServletContext();
}
public String execute() {
request.setAttribute("r1", "r1");
session.setAttribute("s1", "s1");
application.setAttribute("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
方式四:获取原类型-控制反转
首先需要Action实现org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware接口,然后重写setServletRequest()方法,获取HttpServletRequest对象,再通过HttpServletRequest对象取昨HttpSession和ServletContext对象。
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class LoginAction4 extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware {
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpSession session;
private ServletContext application;
public String execute() {
request.setAttribute("r1", "r1");
session.setAttribute("s1", "s1");
application.setAttribute("a1", "a1");
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
this.session = request.getSession();
this.application = session.getServletContext();
}
}
Struts2配置文件模块化包含(include)
<include>标签
当Struts配置文件比较多,需要模块化划分或分开成为多个配置文件时,这个功能比较好。
则需要使用<include>标签把其它的配置文件引入到Struts.xml配置文件中就可以了。
例如:有一个login.xml配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="login" extends="struts-default" namespace="/login">
<action name="login*" class="com.bjsxt.struts2.user.action.LoginAction{1}">
<result>/user_login_success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
则需要在struts.xml文件中使用<include>标签将其引入就可以了。Struts.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<include file="login.xml" />
</struts>
默认的Action
当用户访问的namespace下一个不存在的Action,则会将使用默认的Action。
使用<default-action-ref name=”name”>标签 其中 name属性指向下面已经定义的Action名称了。
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<default-action-ref name="index"></default-action-ref>
<action name="index">
<result>/default.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
当前访问namespace=”/”下不存在的Action时,则返回自动转到访问/default.jsp页面。