热备份一般采用数据库命令和操作系统的物理拷贝来完成文件系统的备份。
热备份的内容主要包括数据库物理文件。
热备份仅适用于归档状态。
热备份可以根据业务需求,在应用不繁忙的时候进行灵活备份,不会影响用户的正常使用。比较适合做为7×24小时运行的数据库备份策略
热备份的操作步骤:
1、 查看数据库归档状态
2、 查看要备份的表空间和数据文件
3、 启用alter tablespace XXX begin backup;命令开始备份
4、 操作系统命令拷贝改表空间的数据文件
5、 启用alter tablespace XXX end backup;命令结束备份
6、 循环反复对其他表空间进行备份
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 14 00:31:13 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect as sysdba; Enter user-name: sys Enter password: Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 152115804 bytes Fixed Size 453212 bytes Variable Size 117440512 bytes Database Buffers 33554432 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
--查看归档状态,热备份仅在归档状态下进行
SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination C:/oracle/ora92/database/archive Oldest online log sequence 27 Next log sequence to archive 29 Current log sequence 29
--查看需要备份的表空间,TEMP和UNDO表空间不需要备份
SQL> select Name from v$tablespace;
NAME ------------------------------ SYSTEM UNDOTBS1 TEMP MYTABLESPACE
--查看需要备份的与相关表空间关联的数据文件
SQL> select substr(a.name,1,15) TSName,substr(b.name,1,45) DFName 2 from v$tablespace a,v$datafile b 3 where a.ts#=b.ts# 4 order by substr(a.name,1,15),substr(b.name,1,45);
TSNAME DFNAME -------------------------------------------------------------- MYTABLESPACE C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE01.DBF MYTABLESPACE C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE02.DBF MYTABLESPACE C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE03.DBF SYSTEM C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/SYSTEM01.DBF UNDOTBS1 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/UNDOTBS01.DBF
--进入热备份状态,首先把用户表空间置为热备份状态
SQL> alter tablespace mytablespace begin backup;
Tablespace altered.
--热备份时,查询当前数据文件备份的状态
SQL> select file#,status,change#,time from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------------------ ---------- 1 NOT ACTIVE 0 2 NOT ACTIVE 0 3 ACTIVE 127198 26-MAR-07 4 ACTIVE 127198 26-MAR-07 5 ACTIVE 127198 26-MAR-07
--查询FUZZY表示,如果为YES表示当前数据文件正处在热备份期间
SQL> select file#,status,fuzzy,name from v$datafile_header;
FILE# STATUS FUZ NAME ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ONLINE C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/SYSTEM01.DBF 2 ONLINE C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/UNDOTBS01.DBF 3 ONLINE YES C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE01.DBF 4 ONLINE YES C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE02.DBF 5 ONLINE YES C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE03.DBF
--在DOS状态进行用户表空间的物理文件拷贝
C:/>cd C:/oracle/oradata/wbq
C:/oracle/oradata/wbq>md backup
C:/oracle/oradata/wbq>copy SYSTEM01.DBF backup 1 file(s) copied.
C:/oracle/oradata/wbq>copy MYDATABLESPACE01.DBF backup 1 file(s) copied.
C:/oracle/oradata/wbq>copy MYDATABLESPACE02.DBF backup 1 file(s) copied.
C:/oracle/oradata/wbq>copy MYDATABLESPACE03.DBF backup 1 file(s) copied.
--拷贝结束后,在SQL窗口中结束热备份的工作
SQL> alter tablespace mytablespace end backup;
Tablespace altered.
--把系统表空间置为热备分状态
SQL> alter tablespace system begin backup;
Tablespace altered.
--在DOS状态进行系统表空间的物理文件拷贝
C:/>cd C:/oracle/oradata/wbq
C:/oracle/oradata/wbq>copy SYSTEM01.DBF backup 1 file(s) copied.
SQL> alter tablespace system end backup;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select a.file#,a.checkpoint_change#,b.file_name 2 from v$datafile a,dba_data_files b 3 where a.file#=b.file_id;
FILE# checkpoint_change# FILE_NAME --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 127684 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/SYSTEM01.DBF 2 121493 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/UNDOTBS01.DBF 3 127198 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE01.DBF 4 127198 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE02.DBF 5 127198 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE03.DBF
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
--强制系统同步
SQL> select a.file#,a.checkpoint_change# ,b.file_name 2 from v$datafile a,dba_data_files b 3 where a.file#=b.file_id;
FILE# checkpoint_change# FILE_NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 128084 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/SYSTEM01.DBF 2 128084 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/UNDOTBS01.DBF 3 128084 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE01.DBF 4 128084 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE02.DBF 5 128084 C:/ORACLE/ORADATA/WBQ/MYDATABLESPACE03.DBF
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