mysql数据库知识学习总结6

MYSQL数据库子查询与连接

子查询：指的是出现在其他sql语句内的select子句。  例如

Select  *  from  t1  where col1=(select  col2  from t2);

其中select  *  from t1,称为outer query  外层查询/外层声明

Select  col2 from  t2,称为subquery   子查询

子查询：指嵌套在查询内部，并且必须始终出现在圆括号内。

子查询可包含多个关键字或条件

 如：distinct、 group by、order by、limit、函数等

子查询的外层查询可以是：select、insert、update、set或do。分类：

使用比较运算符的子查询: =、<、>、<=、>=、<>、！=、<=>

语法结构: operand  comparison_operator  subquery

行级子查询

 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id= 10);

 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHEREid = 10);

  行级子查询的返回结果最多为一行。

  优化子查询

  --创建数据表

 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods(

   goods_id    SMALLINT UNSIGNEDPRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

   goods_name  VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,

   goods_cate  VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,

   brand_name  VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,

   goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

   is_show     BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,

   is_saleoff  BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

  );

结果;

 -- 写入记录

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('R510VC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N14.0英寸笔记本电脑','笔记本','联想','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('G150TH15.6英寸游戏本','游戏本','雷神','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('X550CC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P13.3英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3英寸触控超极本','超级本','索尼','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPadmini MD531CH/A 7.9英寸平板电脑','平板电脑','苹果','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPadAir MD788CH/A 9.7英寸平板电脑（16G WiFi版）','平板电脑','苹果','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPadmini ME279CH/A 配备 Retina 显示屏 7.9英寸平板电脑（16G WiFi版）','平板电脑','苹果','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20英寸一体电脑 ','台式机','联想','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 台式电脑','台式机','戴尔','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMacME086CH/A 21.5英寸一体电脑','台式机','苹果','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('AT7-7414LP台式电脑 （i5-3450四核 4G 500G 2G独显 DVD 键鼠 Linux ）','台式机','宏碁','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PA工作站','服务器/工作站','惠普','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('PowerEdge T110 II服务器','服务器/工作站','戴尔','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('MacPro MD878CH/A 专业级台式电脑','服务器/工作站','苹果','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250M4机架式服务器 2583i14','服务器/工作站','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('玄龙精英版 笔记本散热器','笔记本配件','九州风神','22288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

--求所有电脑产品的平均价格,并且保留两位小数，AVG,MAX,MIN、COUNT、SUM为聚合函数

  SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods;

-- 查询所有价格大于平均价格的商品，并且按价格降序排序

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price> 6360.35 ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- 使用子查询来实现

 SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods

WHERE goods_price > (SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_priceFROM tdb_goods)

ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- 查询类型为“超记本”的商品价格

  SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本';

-- 查询价格大于或等于"超级本"价格的商品，并且按价格降序排列

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods

  WHERE goods_price = ANY(SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHEREgoods_cate = '超级本') ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- =ANY 或 = SOME 等价于 IN

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tb_goods

  WHERE goods_price IN (SELECT goods_price FROM tb_goods WHERE goods_cate= '超级本')

  ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- 创建“商品分类”表

 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods_cates(

   cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

   cate_name VARCHAR(40)

  );

-- 查询tdb_goods表的所有记录，并且按"类别"分组

 SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;

-- 将分组结果写入到tdb_goods_cates数据表

 INSERT tdb_goods_cates (cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goodsGROUP BY goods_cate;

-- 通过tdb_goods_cates数据表来更新tdb_goods表

 UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate = cate_name

  SETgoods_cate = cate_id ;

-- 通过CREATE...SELECT来创建数据表并且同时写入记录

  --SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;

  CREATETABLE tdb_goods_brands (

   brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

    brand_nameVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL

  )SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;

-- 通过tdb_goods_brands数据表来更新tdb_goods数据表

 UPDATE tdb_goods AS  g  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_name = b.brand_name

  SET g.brand_name = b.brand_id;

-- 通过ALTER TABLE语句修改数据表结构

 ALTER TABLE tdb_goods 

 CHANGE goods_cate cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

 CHANGE brand_name brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;

-- 分别在tdb_goods_cates和tdb_goods_brands表插入记录

  INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) VALUES('路由器'),('交换机'),('网卡');

  INSERT tdb_goods_brands(brand_name) VALUES('海尔'),('清华同方'),('神舟');

-- 在tdb_goods数据表写入任意记录

  INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id,goods_price) VALUES('LaserJet Pro P1606dn 黑白激光打印机','12','4','1849');

查询所有商品的详细信息(通过内连接实现)

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROMtdb_goods AS g

  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id

  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过左外连接实现)

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROMtdb_goods AS g

  LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id

  LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过右外连接实现)

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROMtdb_goods AS g

  RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id

  RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

-- 无限分类的数据表设计

  CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_types(

    type_id   SMALLINT UNSIGNEDPRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

    type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

    parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('家用电器',DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑、办公',DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('大家电',1);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('生活电器',1);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('平板电视',3);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('空调',3);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电风扇',4);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('饮水机',4);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑整机',2);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑配件',2);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('笔记本',9);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('超级本',9);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('游戏本',9);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('CPU',10);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('主机',10);

--查找所有分类及其父类

 SELECT s.type_id,s.type_name,p.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS s LEFTJOIN tdb_goods_types AS  p ON s.parent_id= p.type_id;

-- 查找所有分类及其子类

 SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,s.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFTJOIN tdb_goods_types AS  s ON s.parent_id= p.type_id;

-- 查找所有分类及其子类的数目

 SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROMtdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_idGROUP BY p.type_name ORDER BY p.type_id;

-- 为tdb_goods_types添加child_count字段

 ALTER TABLE tdb_goods_types ADD child_count MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDEFAULT 0;

-- 将刚才查询到的子类数量更新到tdb_goods_types数据表

 UPDATE tdb_goods_types AS t1 INNER JOIN ( SELECT p.type_id, p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOINtdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id GROUP BY p.type_name

ORDER BY p.type_id ) AS t2 ON  t1.type_id = t2.type_id SET t1.child_count =t2.children_count;

-- 复制编号为12,20的两条记录

 SELECT * FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);

--INSERT ... SELECT实现复制

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECTgoods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);

-- 查找重复记录

 SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVINGcount(goods_name) >= 2;

-- 删除重复记录

 DELETE t1 FROM tdb_goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_nameFROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2 ) ASt2  ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name  WHERE t1.goods_id > t2.goods_id;