数值函数
SELECT ABS(-15) "Absolute"
FROM DUAL;
Absolute
----------
15
SELECT ACOS(.3)"Arc_Cosine"
FROM DUAL;
Arc_Cosine
----------
1.26610367
SELECT ASIN(.3) "Arc_Sine"
FROM DUAL;
Arc_Sine
----------
.304692654
SELECT ATAN(.3) "Arc_Tangent"
FROM DUAL;
Arc_Tangent
----------
.291456794
SELECT ATAN2(.3, .2) "Arc_Tangent2"
FROM DUAL;
Arc_Tangent2
------------
.982793723
SELECT BITAND(6,3)
FROM DUAL;
BITAND(6,3)
-----------
2
SELECT BITAND(
BIN_TO_NUM(1,1,0),
BIN_TO_NUM(0,1,1)) "Binary"
FROM DUAL;
Binary
----------
2
SELECT order_id, customer_id, order_status,
DECODE(BITAND(order_status, 1), 1, 'Warehouse', 'PostOffice') "Location",
DECODE(BITAND(order_status, 2), 2, 'Ground', 'Air') "Method",
DECODE(BITAND(order_status, 4), 4, 'Insured', 'Certified') "Receipt"
FROM orders
WHERE sales_rep_id = 160
ORDER BY order_id;
ORDER_ID CUSTOMER_ID ORDER_STATUS Location Method Receipt
---------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ------ ---------
2416 104 6 PostOffice Ground Insured
2419 107 3 Warehouse Ground Certified
2420 108 2 PostOffice Ground Certified
2423 145 3 Warehouse Ground Certified
2441 106 5 Warehouse Air Insured
2455 145 7 Warehouse Ground Insured
SELECT order_total, CEIL(order_total)
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = 2434;
ORDER_TOTAL CEIL(ORDER_TOTAL)
----------- -----------------
268651.8 268652
SELECT COS(180 * 3.14159265359/180) "Cosine of 180 degrees"
FROM DUAL;
Cosine of 180 degrees
---------------------
-1
SELECT COSH(0) "Hyperbolic cosine of 0"
FROM DUAL;
Hyperbolic cosine of 0
----------------------
1
SELECT EXP(4) "e to the 4th power"
FROM DUAL;
e to the 4th power
------------------
54.59815
SELECT FLOOR(15.7) "Floor"
FROM DUAL;
Floor
----------
15
SELECT LN(95) "Natural log of 95"
FROM DUAL;
Natural log of 95
-----------------
4.55387689
SELECT LOG(10,100) "Log base 10 of 100"
FROM DUAL;
Log base 10 of 100
------------------
2
SELECT MOD(11,4) "Modulus"
FROM DUAL;
Modulus
----------
3
INSERT INTO float_point_demo
VALUES (0,'NaN','NaN');
SELECT *
FROM float_point_demo;
DEC_NUM BIN_DOUBLE BIN_FLOAT
---------- ---------- ----------
1234.56 1.235E+003 1.235E+003
0 Nan Nan
SELECT bin_float, NANVL(bin_float,0)
FROM float_point_demo;
BIN_FLOAT NANVL(BIN_FLOAT,0)
---------- ------------------
1.235E+003 1.235E+003
Nan 0
SELECT POWER(3,2) "Raised"
FROM DUAL;
Raised
----------
9
SELECT bin_float, bin_double, REMAINDER(bin_float, bin_double)
FROM float_point_demo;
BIN_FLOAT BIN_DOUBLE REMAINDER(BIN_FLOAT,BIN_DOUBLE)
---------- ---------- -------------------------------
1.235E+003 1.235E+003 5.859E-005
SELECT bin_float, bin_double, REMAINDER(bin_float, bin_double)
FROM float_point_demo;
BIN_FLOAT BIN_DOUBLE REMAINDER(BIN_FLOAT,BIN_DOUBLE)
---------- ---------- -------------------------------
1.235E+003 1.235E+003 5.859E-005
SELECT ROUND(15.193,1) "Round" FROM DUAL;
Round
----------
15.2
SELECT ROUND(15.193,-1) "Round" FROM DUAL;
Round
----------
20
SELECT SIGN(-15) "Sign" FROM DUAL;
Sign
----------
-1
SELECT SIN(30 * 3.14159265359/180)
"Sine of 30 degrees" FROM DUAL;
Sine of 30 degrees
------------------
.5
SELECT SINH(1) "Hyperbolic sine of 1" FROM DUAL;
Hyperbolic sine of 1
--------------------
1.17520119
SELECT SQRT(26) "Square root" FROM DUAL;
Square root
-----------
5.09901951
SELECT TAN(135 * 3.14159265359/180)
"Tangent of 135 degrees" FROM DUAL;
Tangent of 135 degrees
----------------------
- 1
SELECT TANH(.5) "Hyperbolic tangent of .5"
FROM DUAL;
Hyperbolic tangent of .5
------------------------
.462117157
SELECT TRUNC(15.79,1) "Truncate" FROM DUAL;
Truncate
----------
15.7
SELECT TRUNC(15.79,-1) "Truncate" FROM DUAL;
Truncate
----------
10
SELECT customer_id, cust_last_name, credit_limit,
WIDTH_BUCKET(credit_limit, 100, 5000, 10) "Credit Group"
FROM customers WHERE nls_territory = 'SWITZERLAND'
ORDER BY "Credit Group", customer_id, cust_last_name, credit_limit;
CUSTOMER_ID CUST_LAST_NAME CREDIT_LIMIT Credit Group
----------- -------------------- ------------ ------------
825 Dreyfuss 500 1
826 Barkin 500 1
827 Siegel 500 1
853 Palin 400 1
843 Oates 700 2
844 Julius 700 2
835 Eastwood 1200 3
836 Berenger 1200 3
837 Stanton 1200 3
840 Elliott 1400 3
841 Boyer 1400 3
842 Stern 1400 3
848 Olmos 1800 4
849 Kaurusmdki 1800 4
828 Minnelli 2300 5
829 Hunter 2300 5
850 Finney 2300 5
851 Brown 2300 5
852 Tanner 2300 5
830 Dutt 3500 7
831 Bel Geddes 3500 7
832 Spacek 3500 7
833 Moranis 3500 7
834 Idle 3500 7
838 Nicholson 3500 7
839 Johnson 3500 7
845 Fawcett 5000 11
846 Brando 5000 11
847 Streep 5000 11
返回字符值的字符函数
SELECT CHR(67)||CHR(65)||CHR(84) "Dog"
FROM DUAL;
Dog
---
CAT
SELECT CHR(195)||CHR(193)||CHR(227) "Dog"
FROM DUAL;
Dog
---
CAT
SELECT CHR(41378)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CHR(161)||CHR(162)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CHR(41378)||CHR(41379)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CHR (196 USING NCHAR_CS)
FROM DUAL;
CH
--
Ä
SELECT CONCAT(CONCAT(last_name, '''s job category is '), job_id) "Job"
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 152;
Job
------------------------------------------------------
Hall's job category is SA_REP
SELECT INITCAP('the soap') "Capitals"
FROM DUAL;
Capitals
---------
The Soap
SELECT LOWER('MR. SCOTT MCMILLAN') "Lowercase"
FROM DUAL;
Lowercase
--------------------
mr. scott mcmillan
SELECT LPAD('Page 1',15,'*.') "LPAD example"
FROM DUAL;
LPAD example
---------------
*.*.*.*.*Page 1
SELECT LTRIM('<=====>BROWNING<=====>', '<>=') "LTRIM Example"
FROM DUAL;
LTRIM Example
---------------
BROWNING<=====>
SELECT NCHR(187)
FROM DUAL;
N
-
>
SELECT CHR(187 USING NCHAR_CS)
FROM DUAL;
C
-
>
SELECT NLS_INITCAP('ijsland') "InitCap"
FROM DUAL;
InitCap
-------
Ijsland
SELECT NLS_INITCAP('ijsland', 'NLS_SORT = XDutch') "InitCap"
FROM DUAL;
InitCap
-------
IJsland
SELECT NLS_LOWER('NOKTASINDA', 'NLS_SORT = XTurkish') "Lowercase"
FROM DUAL;
SELECT NLS_UPPER('große') "Uppercase"
FROM DUAL;
Upper
-----
GROßE
SELECT NLS_UPPER('große', 'NLS_SORT = XGerman') "Uppercase"
FROM DUAL;
Upperc
------
GROSSE
CREATE TABLE test (name VARCHAR2(15));
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaardiner');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaberd');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Gaasten');
SELECT *
FROM test
ORDER BY name;
NAME
---------------
Gaardiner
Gaasten
Gaberd
SELECT *
FROM test
ORDER BY NLSSORT(name, 'NLS_SORT = XDanish');
NAME
---------------
Gaberd
Gaardiner
Gaasten
SELECT *
FROM test
WHERE name > 'Gaberd'
ORDER BY name;
no rows selected
SELECT *
FROM test
WHERE NLSSORT(name, 'NLS_SORT = XDanish') >
NLSSORT('Gaberd', 'NLS_SORT = XDanish')
ORDER BY name;
NAME
---------------
Gaardiner
Gaasten
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_COMP = 'LINGUISTIC';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_SORT = 'XDanish';
SELECT *
FROM test
WHERE name > 'Gaberd'
ORDER BY name;
NAME
---------------
Gaardiner
Gaasten
SELECT
REGEXP_REPLACE(phone_number,
'([[:digit:]]{3})\.([[:digit:]]{3})\.([[:digit:]]{4})',
'(\1) \2-\3') "REGEXP_REPLACE"
FROM employees
ORDER BY "REGEXP_REPLACE";
REGEXP_REPLACE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(515) 123-4444
(515) 123-4567
(515) 123-4568
(515) 123-4569
(515) 123-5555
. . .
SELECT
REGEXP_REPLACE(country_name, '(.)', '\1 ') "REGEXP_REPLACE"
FROM countries;
REGEXP_REPLACE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A r g e n t i n a
A u s t r a l i a
B e l g i u m
B r a z i l
C a n a d a
. . .
SELECT
REGEXP_REPLACE('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA',
'( ){2,}', ' ') "REGEXP_REPLACE"
FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_REPLACE
--------------------------------------
500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA
CREATE TABLE regexp_temp(empName varchar2(20), emailID varchar2(20));
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName, emailID) VALUES ('John Doe', 'johndoe@example.com');
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName, emailID) VALUES ('Jane Doe', 'janedoe@example.com');
SELECT empName, REGEXP_REPLACE (empName, 'Jane', 'John') "STRING_REPLACE" FROM regexp_temp;
EMPNAME STRING_REPLACE
-------- --------------
John Doe John Doe
Jane Doe John Doe
SELECT empName, REGEXP_REPLACE (empName, 'Jane', 'John') "STRING_REPLACE" FROM regexp_temp;
EMPNAME STRING_REPLACE
-------- --------------
John Doe Jane Doe
Jane Doe Jane Doe
WITH strings AS (
SELECT 'abc123' s FROM dual union all
SELECT '123abc' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'a1b2c3' s FROM dual
)
SELECT s "STRING", regexp_replace(s, '[0-9]', '') "MODIFIED_STRING"
FROM strings;
STRING MODIFIED_STRING
-------------------- --------------------
abc123 abc
123abc abc
a1b2c3 abc
WITH strings AS (
SELECT 'abc123' s from DUAL union all
SELECT '123abc' s from DUAL union all
SELECT 'a1b2c3' s from DUAL
)
SELECT s "STRING", REGEXP_REPLACE(s, '[0-9]', '', 1, 1) "MODIFIED_STRING"
FROM strings;
STRING MODIFIED_STRING
-------------------- --------------------
abc123 abc23
123abc 23abc
a1b2c3 ab2c3
WITH strings AS (
SELECT 'abc123' s from DUAL union all
SELECT '123abc' s from DUAL union all
SELECT 'a1b2c3' s from DUAL
)
SELECT s "STRING", REGEXP_REPLACE(s, '[0-9]', '', 1, 2) "MODIFIED_STRING"
FROM strings;
STRING MODIFIED_STRING
-------------------- --------------------
abc123 abc13
123abc 13abc
a1b2c3 a1bc3
WITH strings AS (
SELECT 'Hello World' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'Hello World' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'Hello, World !' s FROM dual
)
SELECT s "STRING", regexp_replace(s, ' {2,}', ' ') "MODIFIED_STRING"
FROM strings;
STRING MODIFIED_STRING
-------------------- --------------------
Hello World Hello World
Hello World Hello World
Hello, World ! Hello, World !
WITH strings as (
SELECT 'AddressLine1' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'ZipCode' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'Country' s FROM dual
)
SELECT s "STRING",
lower(regexp_replace(s, '([A-Z0-9])', '_\1', 2)) "MODIFIED_STRING"
FROM strings;
STRING MODIFIED_STRING
-------------------- --------------------
AddressLine1 address_line_1
ZipCode zip_code
Country country
WITH date_strings AS (
SELECT '2015-01-01' d from dual union all
SELECT '2000-12-31' d from dual union all
SELECT '900-01-01' d from dual
)
SELECT d "STRING",
regexp_replace(d, '([[:digit:]]+)-([[:digit:]]{2})-([[:digit:]]{2})', '\3.\2.\1') "MODIFIED_STRING"
FROM date_strings;
STRING MODIFIED_STRING
-------------------- --------------------
2015-01-01 01.01.2015
2000-12-31 31.12.2000
900-01-01 01.01.900
WITH strings as (
SELECT 'NEW YORK' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'New York' s FROM dual union all
SELECT 'new york' s FROM dual
)
SELECT s "STRING",
regexp_replace(s, '[a-z]', '1', 1, 0, 'i') "CASE_INSENSITIVE",
regexp_replace(s, '[a-z]', '1', 1, 0, 'c') "CASE_SENSITIVE",
regexp_replace(s, '[a-zA-Z]', '1', 1, 0, 'c') "CASE_SENSITIVE_MATCHING"
FROM strings;
STRING CASE_INSEN CASE_SENSI CASE_SENSI
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NEW YORK 111 1111 NEW YORK 111 1111
New York 111 1111 N11 Y111 111 1111
new york 111 1111 111 1111 111 1111
SELECT
REGEXP_SUBSTR('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA',
',[^,]+,') "REGEXPR_SUBSTR"
FROM DUAL;
REGEXPR_SUBSTR
-----------------
, Redwood Shores,
SELECT
REGEXP_SUBSTR('http://www.example.com/products',
'http://([[:alnum:]]+\.?){3,4}/?') "REGEXP_SUBSTR"
FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_SUBSTR
----------------------
http://www.example.com/
SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 1)
"REGEXP_SUBSTR" FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_SUBSTR
-------------------
123
SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 4)
"REGEXP_SUBSTR" FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_SUBSTR
-------------------
78
CREATE TABLE regexp_temp(empName varchar2(20), emailID varchar2(20));
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName, emailID) VALUES ('John Doe', 'johndoe@example.com');
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName, emailID) VALUES ('Jane Doe', 'janedoe');
SELECT empName, REGEXP_SUBSTR(emailID, '[[:alnum:]]+\@[[:alnum:]]+\.[[:alnum:]]+') "Valid Email" FROM regexp_temp;
EMPNAME Valid Email
-------- -------------------
John Doe johndoe@example.com
Jane Doe
SELECT empName, REGEXP_SUBSTR(emailID, '[[:alnum:]]+\@[[:alnum:]]+\.[[:alnum:]]+') "Valid Email", REGEXP_INSTR(emailID, '\w+@\w+(\.\w+)+') "FIELD_WITH_VALID_EMAIL" FROM regexp_temp;
EMPNAME Valid Email FIELD_WITH_VALID_EMAIL
-------- ------------------- ----------------------
John Doe johndoe@example.com 1
Jane Doe
SELECT REPLACE('JACK and JUE','J','BL') "Changes"
FROM DUAL;
Changes
--------------
BLACK and BLUE
SELECT last_name, RPAD(' ', salary/1000/1, '*') "Salary"
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 80
ORDER BY last_name, "Salary";
LAST_NAME Salary
------------------------- ---------------
Abel **********
Ande *****
Banda *****
Bates ******
Bernstein ********
Bloom *********
Cambrault **********
Cambrault ******
Doran ******
Errazuriz ***********
Fox ********
Greene ********
Hall ********
Hutton *******
Johnson *****
King *********
. . .
SELECT RTRIM('<=====>BROWNING<=====>', '<>=') "RTRIM Example"
FROM DUAL;
RTRIM Example
---------------
<=====>BROWNING
SELECT last_name, first_name
FROM hr.employees
WHERE SOUNDEX(last_name)
= SOUNDEX('SMYTHE')
ORDER BY last_name, first_name;
LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME
---------- ----------
Smith Lindsey
Smith William
SELECT SUBSTR('ABCDEFG',3,4) "Substring"
FROM DUAL;
Substring
---------
CDEF
SELECT SUBSTR('ABCDEFG',-5,4) "Substring"
FROM DUAL;
Substring
---------
CDEF
SELECT SUBSTRB('ABCDEFG',5,4.2) "Substring with bytes"
FROM DUAL;
Substring with bytes
--------------------
CD
SELECT TRANSLATE('SQL*Plus User''s Guide', ' */''', '___') FROM DUAL;
TRANSLATE('SQL*PLUSU
--------------------
SQL_Plus_Users_Guide
CREATE TABLE translate_tab (char_col VARCHAR2(100),
nchar_col NVARCHAR2(50));
INSERT INTO translate_tab
SELECT NULL, translated_name
FROM product_descriptions
WHERE product_id = 3501;
SELECT * FROM translate_tab;
CHAR_COL NCHAR_COL
-------------------- --------------------------------------------------
. . .
C pre SPNIX4.0 - Sys
C pro SPNIX4.0 - Sys
C til SPNIX4.0 - Sys
C voor SPNIX4.0 - Sys
. . .
UPDATE translate_tab
SET char_col = TRANSLATE (nchar_col USING CHAR_CS);
SELECT * FROM translate_tab;
CHAR_COL NCHAR_COL
------------------------- -------------------------
. . .
C per a SPNIX4.0 - Sys C per a SPNIX4.0 - Sys
C pro SPNIX4.0 - Sys C pro SPNIX4.0 - Sys
C for SPNIX4.0 - Sys C for SPNIX4.0 - Sys
C til SPNIX4.0 - Sys C til SPNIX4.0 - Sys
. . .
SELECT employee_id,
TO_CHAR(TRIM(LEADING 0 FROM hire_date))
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 60
ORDER BY employee_id;
EMPLOYEE_ID TO_CHAR(T
----------- ---------
103 20-MAY-08
104 21-MAY-07
105 25-JUN-05
106 5-FEB-06
107 7-FEB-07
SELECT UPPER(last_name) "Uppercase"
FROM employees;
返回数值的字符函数
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE ASCII(SUBSTR(last_name, 1, 1)) = 76
ORDER BY last_name;
LAST_NAME
-------------------------
Ladwig
Landry
Lee
Livingston
Lorentz
SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', 3, 2) "Instring"
FROM DUAL;
Instring
----------
14
SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', -3, 2) "Reversed Instring"
FROM DUAL;
Reversed Instring
-----------------
2
SELECT INSTRB('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR',5,2) "Instring in bytes"
FROM DUAL;
Instring in bytes
-----------------
27
SELECT LENGTH('CANDIDE') "Length in characters"
FROM DUAL;
Length in characters
--------------------
7
SELECT LENGTHB ('CANDIDE') "Length in bytes"
FROM DUAL;
Length in bytes
---------------
14
SELECT REGEXP_COUNT('123123123123123', '(12)3', 1, 'i') REGEXP_COUNT
FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_COUNT
------------
5
SELECT REGEXP_COUNT('123123123123', '123', 3, 'i') COUNT FROM DUAL;
COUNT
----------
3
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z]'), regexp_count('A1B2C3', '[A-Z]') from dual;
REGEXP_COUNT('ABC123','[A-Z]') REGEXP_COUNT('A1B2C3','[A-Z]')
------------------------------ ------------------------------
3 3
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z][0-9]'), regexp_count('A1B2C3', '[A-Z][0-9]') from dual;
REGEXP_COUNT('ABC123','[A-Z][0-9]') REGEXP_COUNT('A1B2C3','[A-Z][0-9]')
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
1 3
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z][0-9]'), regexp_count('A1B2C3', '[A-Z][0-9]') from dual;
REGEXP_COUNT('ABC123','^[A-Z][0-9]') REGEXP_COUNT('A1B2C3','^[A-Z][0-9]')
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
0 1
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z][0-9]{2}'), regexp_count('A1B2C3', '[A-Z][0-9]{2}') from dual;
REGEXP_COUNT('ABC123','[A-Z][0-9]{2}') REGEXP_COUNT('A1B2C3','[A-Z][0-9]{2}')
-------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
1 0
select regexp_count('ABC123', '([A-Z][0-9]){2}'), regexp_count('A1B2C3', '([A-Z][0-9]){2}') from dual;
REGEXP_COUNT('ABC123','([A-Z][0-9]){2}') REGEXP_COUNT('A1B2C3','([A-Z][0-9]){2}')
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
0 1
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z]') Match_char_ABC_count,
regexp_count('A1B2C3', '[A-Z]') Match_char_ABC_count from dual;
MATCH_CHAR_ABC_COUNT MATCH_CHAR_ABC_COUNT
-------------------- --------------------
3 3
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z][0-9]') Match_string_C1_count,
regexp_count('A1B2C3', '[A-Z][0-9]') Match_strings_A1_B2_C3_count from dual;
MATCH_STRING_C1_COUNT MATCH_STRINGS_A1_B2_C3_COUNT
--------------------- ----------------------------
1 3
select regexp_count('ABC123A5', '^[A-Z][0-9]') Char_num_like_A1_at_start,
regexp_count('A1B2C3', '^[A-Z][0-9]') Char_num_like_A1_at_start from dual;
CHAR_NUM_LIKE_A1_AT_START CHAR_NUM_LIKE_A1_AT_START
------------------------- -------------------------
0 1
select regexp_count('ABC123', '[A-Z][0-9]{2}') Char_num_like_A12_anywhere,
regexp_count('A1B2C34', '[A-Z][0-9]{2}') Char_num_like_A12_anywhere from dual;
CHAR_NUM_LIKE_A12_ANYWHERE CHAR_NUM_LIKE_A12_ANYWHERE
-------------------------- --------------------------
1 1
select regexp_count('ABC12D3', '([A-Z][0-9]){2}') Char_num_within_2_places,
regexp_count('A1B2C3', '([A-Z][0-9]){2}') Char_num_within_2_places from dual;
CHAR_NUM_WITHIN_2_PLACES CHAR_NUM_WITHIN_2_PLACES
------------------------ ------------------------
0 1
CREATE TABLE regexp_temp(empName varchar2(20));
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName) VALUES ('John Doe');
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName) VALUES ('Jane Doe');
SELECT empName, REGEXP_COUNT(empName, 'e', 1, 'c') "CASE_SENSITIVE_E" From regexp_temp;
EMPNAME CASE_SENSITIVE_E
-------------------- ----------------
John Doe 1
Jane Doe 2
SELECT empName, REGEXP_COUNT(empName, 'o', 1, 'c') "CASE_SENSITIVE_O" From regexp_temp;
EMPNAME CASE_SENSITIVE_O
-------------------- ----------------
John Doe 2
Jane Doe 1
SELECT empName, REGEXP_COUNT(empName, 'E', 1, 'i') "CASE_INSENSITIVE_E" From regexp_temp;
EMPNAME CASE_INSENSITIVE_E
-------------------- ------------------
John Doe 1
Jane Doe 2
SELECT empName, REGEXP_COUNT(empName, 'do', 1, 'i') "CASE_INSENSITIVE_STRING" From regexp_temp;
EMPNAME CASE_INSENSITIVE_STRING
-------------------- -----------------------
John Doe 1
Jane Doe 1
SELECT empName, REGEXP_COUNT(empName, 'an', 1, 'c') "CASE_SENSITIVE_STRING" From regexp_temp;
EMPNAME CASE_SENSITIVE_STRING
-------------------- ---------------------
John Doe 0
Jane Doe 1
SELECT
REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA',
'[^ ]+', 1, 6) "REGEXP_INSTR"
FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_INSTR
------------
37
SELECT
REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA',
'[s|r|p][[:alpha:]]{6}', 3, 2, 1, 'i') "REGEXP_INSTR"
FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_INSTR
------------
28
SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 1)
"REGEXP_INSTR" FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_INSTR
-------------------
1
SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 2)
"REGEXP_INSTR" FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_INSTR
-------------------
4
SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 4)
"REGEXP_INSTR" FROM DUAL;
REGEXP_INSTR
-------------------
7
CREATE TABLE regexp_temp(empName varchar2(20), emailID varchar2(20));
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName, emailID) VALUES ('John Doe', 'johndoe@example.com');
INSERT INTO regexp_temp (empName, emailID) VALUES ('Jane Doe', 'janedoe');
SELECT emailID, REGEXP_INSTR(emailID, '\w+@\w+(\.\w+)+') "IS_A_VALID_EMAIL" FROM regexp_temp;
EMAILID IS_A_VALID_EMAIL
-------------------- ----------------
johndoe@example.com 1
example.com 0
EMPNAME Valid Email FIELD_WITH_VALID_EMAIL
-------- ------------------- ----------------------
John Doe johndoe@example.com 1
Jane Doe
字符集合函数
SELECT NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN(200, nls_charset_id('ja16eucfixed'))
FROM DUAL;
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN(200,NLS_CHARSET_ID('JA16EUCFIXED'))
--------------------------------------------------------
100
SELECT NLS_CHARSET_ID('ja16euc')
FROM DUAL;
NLS_CHARSET_ID('JA16EUC')
-------------------------
830
SELECT NLS_CHARSET_NAME(2)
FROM DUAL;
NLS_CH
------
WE8DEC
排序函数
CREATE TABLE id_table
(name VARCHAR2(64) COLLATE BINARY_AI,
id VARCHAR2(8) COLLATE BINARY_CI);
INSERT INTO id_table VALUES('Christopher', 'ABCD1234');
SELECT COLLATION(name), COLLATION(id)
FROM id_table;
COLLATION COLLATION
--------- ---------
BINARY_AI BINARY_CI
SELECT NLS_COLLATION_ID('BINARY_CI')
FROM DUAL;
NLS_COLLATION_ID('BINARY_CI')
-----------------------------
147455
SELECT NLS_COLLATION_NAME(81919)
FROM DUAL;
NLS_COLLA
---------
BINARY_AI
SELECT NLS_COLLATION_NAME(208897,'S')
FROM DUAL;
NLS_COLLATION
-------------
UCA0610_DUCET
SELECT NLS_COLLATION_NAME(208897,'L')
FROM DUAL;
NLS_COLLATION_NAME(208897,'L')
----------------------------------------
UCA0610_DUCET_S4_VS_BN_NY_EN_FN_HN_DN_MN
日期时间函数
SELECT TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(hire_date, 1), 'DD-MON-YYYY') "Next month"
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Baer';
Next Month
-----------
07-JUL-2002
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:0';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_DATE
--------------- --------------------
-05:00 29-MAY-2000 13:14:03
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:0';
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_DATE
--------------- --------------------
-08:00 29-MAY-2000 10:14:33
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:0';
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ---------------------------------------------------
-05:00 04-APR-00 01.17.56.917550 PM -05:00
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:0';
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------
-08:00 04-APR-00 10.18.21.366065 AM -08:00
CREATE TABLE current_test (col1 TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);
INSERT INTO current_test VALUES
(TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF PM'));
INSERT INTO current_test VALUES
(TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF PM TZH:TZM'));
SELECT DBTIMEZONE
FROM DUAL;
DBTIME
------
+00:00
SELECT EXTRACT(month FROM order_date) "Month", COUNT(order_date) "No. of Orders"
FROM orders
GROUP BY EXTRACT(month FROM order_date)
ORDER BY "No. of Orders" DESC, "Month";
Month No. of Orders
---------- -------------
11 15
6 14
7 14
3 11
5 10
2 9
9 9
8 7
10 6
1 5
12 4
4 1
12 rows selected.
SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM DATE '1998-03-07')
FROM DUAL;
EXTRACT(YEARFROMDATE'1998-03-07')
---------------------------------
1998
SELECT last_name, employee_id, hire_date
FROM employees
WHERE EXTRACT(YEAR FROM (hire_date, 'DD-MON-RR')) > 2007
ORDER BY hire_date;
LAST_NAME EMPLOYEE_ID HIRE_DATE
------------------------- ----------- ---------
Johnson 179 04-JAN-08
Grant 199 13-JAN-08
Marvins 164 24-JAN-08
. . .
SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_REGION FROM TIMESTAMP '1999-01-01 10:00:00 -08:00')
FROM DUAL;
EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_REGIONFROMTIMESTAMP'1999-01-0110:00:00-08:00')
----------------------------------------------------------------
UNKNOWN
SELECT FROM_TZ(TIMESTAMP '2000-03-28 08:00:00', '3:00')
FROM DUAL;
FROM_TZ(TIMESTAMP'2000-03-2808:00:00','3:00')
---------------------------------------------------------------
28-MAR-00 08.00.000000000 AM +03:00
SELECT SYSDATE,
LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) "Last",
LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) - SYSDATE "Days Left"
FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE Last Days Left
--------- --------- ----------
30-MAY-09 31-MAY-09 1
SELECT last_name, hire_date,
TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(LAST_DAY(hire_date), 5)) "Eval Date"
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name, hire_date;
LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE Eval Date
------------------------- --------- ---------
Abel 11-MAY-04 31-OCT-04
Ande 24-MAR-08 31-AUG-08
Atkinson 30-OCT-05 31-MAR-06
Austin 25-JUN-05 30-NOV-05
Baer 07-JUN-02 30-NOV-02
Baida 24-DEC-05 31-MAY-06
Banda 21-APR-08 30-SEP-08
Bates 24-MAR-07 31-AUG-07
. . .
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:00';
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP LOCALTIMESTAMP
-------------------------------------------------------------------
04-APR-00 01.27.18.999220 PM -05:00 04-APR-00 01.27.19 PM
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:00';
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------------------------------- ------------------------------
04-APR-00 10.27.45.132474 AM -08:00 04-APR-00 10.27.451 AM
CREATE TABLE local_test (col1 TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE);
INSERT INTO local_test
VALUES (TO_TIMESTAMP(LOCALTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF'));
INSERT INTO local_test
VALUES (TO_TIMESTAMP(LOCALTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF PM'));
SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN
(TO_DATE('02-02-1995','MM-DD-YYYY'),
TO_DATE('01-01-1995','MM-DD-YYYY') ) "Months"
FROM DUAL;
Months
----------
1.03225806
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT NEW_TIME(TO_DATE('11-10-09 01:23:45', 'MM-DD-YY HH24:MI:SS'), 'AST', 'PST')
"New Date and Time"
FROM DUAL;
New Date and Time
--------------------
09-NOV-2009 21:23:45
SELECT NEXT_DAY('15-OCT-2009','TUESDAY') "NEXT DAY"
FROM DUAL;
NEXT DAY
--------------------
20-OCT-2009 00:00:00
SELECT manager_id, last_name, hire_date,
COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY hire_date
RANGE NUMTODSINTERVAL(100, 'day') PRECEDING) AS t_count
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name, hire_date;
MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE T_COUNT
---------- ------------------------- --------- ----------
149 Abel 11-MAY-04 1
147 Ande 24-MAR-08 3
121 Atkinson 30-OCT-05 2
103 Austin 25-JUN-05 1
. . .
124 Walsh 24-APR-06 2
100 Weiss 18-JUL-04 1
101 Whalen 17-SEP-03 1
100 Zlotkey 29-JAN-08 2
SELECT last_name, hire_date, salary,
SUM(salary) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date
RANGE NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1,'year') PRECEDING) AS t_sal
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name, hire_date;
LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY T_SAL
------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------
Abel 11-MAY-04 11000 90300
Ande 24-MAR-08 6400 112500
Atkinson 30-OCT-05 2800 177000
Austin 25-JUN-05 4800 134700
. . .
Walsh 24-APR-06 3100 186200
Weiss 18-JUL-04 8000 70900
Whalen 17-SEP-03 4400 54000
Zlotkey 29-JAN-08 10500 119000
SELECT ROUND (TO_DATE ('27-OCT-00'),'YEAR')
"New Year" FROM DUAL;
New Year
---------
01-JAN-01
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE FROM DUAL;
SESSION
-------
-08:00
SELECT SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(TIMESTAMP '2000-03-28 11:30:00.00 -08:00')
FROM DUAL;
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(TIMESTAMP'2000-03-2811:30:00.00-08:00')
-----------------------------------------------------------------
28-MAR-00 07.30.00 PM
SELECT TO_CHAR
(SYSDATE, 'MM-DD-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "NOW"
FROM DUAL;
NOW
-------------------
04-13-2001 09:45:51
SELECT SYSTIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;
SYSTIMESTAMP
------------------------------------------------------------------
28-MAR-00 12.38.55.538741 PM -08:00
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'SSSSS.FF') FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR(SYSTIME
---------------
55615.449255
SELECT SYSTIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC' FROM DUAL;
SYSTIMESTAMPATTIMEZONE'UTC'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
08-07-21 20:39:52,743557 UTC
CREATE TABLE date_tab (
ts_col TIMESTAMP,
tsltz_col TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE,
tstz_col TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:00';
INSERT INTO date_tab VALUES (
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-01 10:00:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-01 10:00:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-01 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO date_tab VALUES (
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-02 10:00:00 -8:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-02 10:00:00 -8:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-02 10:00:00 -8:00');
SELECT TO_CHAR(ts_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS ts_date,
TO_CHAR(tstz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF TZH:TZM') AS tstz_date
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY ts_date, tstz_date;
TS_DATE TSTZ_DATE
------------------------------ -------------------------------------
01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE,
TO_CHAR(tsltz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS tsltz
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY sessiontimezone, tsltz;
SESSIONTIM TSLTZ
---------- ------------------------------
-08:00 01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000
-08:00 02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:00';
SELECT TO_CHAR(ts_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS ts_col,
TO_CHAR(tstz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF TZH:TZM') AS tstz_col
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY ts_col, tstz_col;
TS_COL TSTZ_COL
------------------------------ -------------------------------------
01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE,
TO_CHAR(tsltz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS tsltz_col
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY sessiontimezone, tsltz_col;
2 3 4
SESSIONTIM TSLTZ_COL
---------- ------------------------------
-05:00 01-DEC-1999 13:00:00.000000
-05:00 02-DEC-1999 13:00:00.000000
SELECT TO_CHAR(INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH) FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR
-------
+123-02
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
to_char(d, 'dd-mm-yyyy') "Day-Month-Year",
to_char(d, 'hh24:mi') "Time in 24-hr format",
to_char(d, 'iw-iyyy') "ISO Year and Week of Year"
FROM dates;
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:44:32' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
to_char(d, 'dd-mm-yyyy') "Day-Month-Year",
to_char(d, 'hh24:mi') "Time in 24-hr format",
to_char(d, 'iw-iyyy') "ISO Year and Week of Year",
to_char(d, 'Month') "Month Name",
to_char(d, 'Year') "Year"
FROM dates;
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:44:32' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT extract(minute from d) minutes,
extract(hour from d) hours,
extract(day from d) days,
extract(month from d) months,
extract(year from d) years
FROM dates;
WITH nums AS (
SELECT 10 n FROM dual union
SELECT 9.99 n FROM dual union
SELECT 1000000 n FROM dual --one million
)
SELECT n "Input Number N",
to_char(n),
to_char(n, '9,999,999.99') "Number with Commas",
to_char(n, '0,000,000.000') "Zero-padded Number",
to_char(n, '9.9EEEE') "Scientific Notation"
FROM nums;
WITH nums AS (
SELECT 10 n FROM dual union
SELECT 9.99 n FROM dual union
SELECT .99 n FROM dual union
SELECT 1000000 n FROM dual --one million
)
SELECT n "Input Number N",
to_char(n),
to_char(n, '9,999,999.99') "Number with Commas",
to_char(n, '0,000,000.000') "Zero_padded Number",
to_char(n, '9.9EEEE') "Scientific Notation",
to_char(n, '$9,999,990.00') Monetary,
to_char(n, 'X') "Hexadecimal Value"
FROM nums;
WITH nums AS (
SELECT 10 n FROM dual union
SELECT 9.99 n FROM dual union
SELECT .99 n FROM dual union
SELECT 1000000 n FROM dual --one million
)
SELECT n "Input Number N",
to_char(n),
to_char(n, '9,999,999.99') "Number with Commas",
to_char(n, '0,000,000.000') "Zero_padded Number",
to_char(n, '9.9EEEE') "Scientific Notation",
to_char(n, '$9,999,990.00') Monetary,
to_char(n, 'XXXXXX') "Hexadecimal Value"
FROM nums;
CREATE TABLE empl_temp
(
employee_id NUMBER(6),
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
last_name VARCHAR2(25),
email VARCHAR2(25),
hire_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
job_id VARCHAR2(10),
clob_column CLOB
);
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(111,'John','Doe','example.com','10-JAN-2015','1001','Experienced Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(112,'John','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2015','1002','Junior Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(113,'Johnnie','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2014','1002','Mid-Career Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(115,'Jane','Doe','example.com','15-JAN-2015','1005','Executive Employee');
SELECT hire_date "Default",
TO_CHAR(hire_date,'DS') "Short",
TO_CHAR(hire_date,'DL') "Long"FROM empl_temp
WHERE employee_id IN (111, 112, 115);
Default Short Long
---------- ---------- --------------------------
10-JAN-15 1/10/2015 Saturday, January 10, 2015
12-JAN-15 1/12/2015 Monday, January 12, 2015
15-JAN-15 1/15/2015 Thursday, January 15, 2015
SELECT employee_id, last_name FROM employees
WHERE hire_date + TO_DSINTERVAL('100 00:00:00')
<= DATE '2002-11-01'
ORDER BY employee_id;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME
----------- ---------------
102 De Haan
203 Mavris
204 Baer
205 Higgins
206 Giet
SELECT TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP '2009-01-01 00:00:00' + TO_DSINTERVAL('P100DT05H'),
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') "Time Stamp"
FROM DUAL;
Time Stamp
-------------------
2009-04-11 05:00:00
SELECT TO_DSINTERVAL('1o 1:02:10'
DEFAULT '10 8:00:00' ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
-----------------------------
+000000010 08:00:00.000000000
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP ('10-Sep-02 14:10:10.123000', 'DD-Mon-RR HH24:MI:SS.FF')
FROM DUAL;
TO_TIMESTAMP('10-SEP-0214:10:10.123000','DD-MON-RRHH24:MI:SS.FF')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10-SEP-02 02.10.10.123000000 PM
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP ('10-Sept-02 14:10:10.123000'
DEFAULT NULL ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'DD-Mon-RR HH24:MI:SS.FF',
'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') "Value"
FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-12-01 11:00:00 -8:00',
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM') FROM DUAL;
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-12-0111:00:00-08:00','YYYY-MM-DDHH:MI:SSTZH:TZM')
--------------------------------------------------------------------
01-DEC-99 11.00.00.000000000 AM -08:00
SELECT order_id, line_item_id,
CAST(NULL AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE) order_date
FROM order_items
UNION
SELECT order_id, to_number(null), order_date
FROM orders;
ORDER_ID LINE_ITEM_ID ORDER_DATE
---------- ------------ -----------------------------------
2354 1
2354 2
2354 3
2354 4
2354 5
2354 6
2354 7
2354 8
2354 9
2354 10
2354 11
2354 12
2354 13
2354 14-JUL-00 05.18.23.234567 PM
2355 1
2355 2
. . .
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-13-01 11:00:00 -8:00'
DEFAULT NULL ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM') "Value"
FROM DUAL;
SELECT hire_date, hire_date + TO_YMINTERVAL('01-02') "14 months"
FROM employees;
HIRE_DATE 14 months
--------- ---------
17-JUN-03 17-AUG-04
21-SEP-05 21-NOV-06
13-JAN-01 13-MAR-02
20-MAY-08 20-JUL-09
21-MAY-07 21-JUL-08
. . .
SELECT hire_date, hire_date + TO_YMINTERVAL('P1Y2M') FROM employees;
SELECT TO_YMINTERVAL('1x-02'
DEFAULT '00-00' ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
-------------
+000000000-00
SELECT TRUNC(TO_DATE('27-OCT-92','DD-MON-YY'), 'YEAR')
"New Year" FROM DUAL;
New Year
---------
01-JAN-92
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:45:00' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
trunc(d) "Nearest Day, Time Removed",
trunc(d, 'ww') "Nearest Week",
trunc(d, 'iw') "Start of Week",
trunc(d, 'mm') "Start of Month",
trunc(d, 'year') "Start of Year"
FROM dates;
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:45:00' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
trunc(d) "Date with Time Removed",
to_char(trunc(d, 'mi'), 'dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi') "Nearest Minute",
trunc(d, 'iw') "Start of Week",
trunc(d, 'mm') "Start of Month",
trunc(d, 'year') "Start of Year"
FROM dates;
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi';
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:44:32' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
trunc(d) "Date, time removed",
to_char(trunc(d, 'mi'), 'dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi') "Nearest Minute",
trunc(d, 'iw') "Start of Week",
trunc(d, 'mm') "Start of Month",
trunc(d, 'year') "Start of Year"
FROM dates;
SELECT TZ_OFFSET('US/Eastern') FROM DUAL;
TZ_OFFS
-------
-04:00
一般比较函数
SELECT GREATEST('HARRY', 'HARRIOT', 'HAROLD') "Greatest"
FROM DUAL;
Greatest
--------
HARRY
SELECT GREATEST (1, '3.925', '2.4') "Greatest"
FROM DUAL;
Greatest
--------
3.925
SELECT LEAST('HARRY','HARRIOT','HAROLD') "Least"
FROM DUAL;
Least
------
HAROLD
SELECT LEAST (1, '2.1', '.000832') "Least"
FROM DUAL;
Least
-------
.000832
转换函数
SELECT ASCIISTR('ABÄCDE')
FROM DUAL;
ASCIISTR('
----------
AB\00C4CDE
SELECT BIN_TO_NUM(1,0,1,0)
FROM DUAL;
BIN_TO_NUM(1,0,1,0)
-------------------
10
SELECT order_status
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = 2441;
ORDER_STATUS
------------
5
DECLARE
warehouse NUMBER := 1;
ground NUMBER := 1;
insured NUMBER := 1;
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT BIN_TO_NUM(warehouse, ground, insured) INTO result FROM DUAL;
UPDATE orders SET order_status = result WHERE order_id = 2441;
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SELECT order_status
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = 2441;
ORDER_STATUS
------------
7
SELECT CAST('22-OCT-1997'
AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CAST(TO_DATE('22-Oct-1997', 'DD-Mon-YYYY')
AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT product_id, CAST(ad_sourcetext AS VARCHAR2(30)) text
FROM print_media
ORDER BY product_id;
SELECT CAST(200
AS NUMBER
DEFAULT 0 ON CONVERSION ERROR)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CAST('January 15, 1989, 11:00 A.M.'
AS DATE
DEFAULT NULL ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI A.M.')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CAST('1999-12-01 11:00:00 -8:00'
AS TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
DEFAULT '2000-01-01 01:00:00 -8:00' ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM',
'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT CAST('N/A'
AS NUMBER
DEFAULT '0' ON CONVERSION ERROR)
FROM DUAL;
CREATE TYPE address_book_t AS TABLE OF cust_address_typ;
/
CREATE TYPE address_array_t AS VARRAY(3) OF cust_address_typ;
/
CREATE TABLE cust_address (
custno NUMBER,
street_address VARCHAR2(40),
postal_code VARCHAR2(10),
city VARCHAR2(30),
state_province VARCHAR2(10),
country_id CHAR(2));
CREATE TABLE cust_short (custno NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(31));
CREATE TABLE states (state_id NUMBER, addresses address_array_t);
SELECT s.custno, s.name,
CAST(MULTISET(SELECT ca.street_address,
ca.postal_code,
ca.city,
ca.state_province,
ca.country_id
FROM cust_address ca
WHERE s.custno = ca.custno)
AS address_book_t)
FROM cust_short s
ORDER BY s.custno;
SELECT CAST(s.addresses AS address_book_t)
FROM states s
WHERE s.state_id = 111;
CREATE TABLE projects
(employee_id NUMBER, project_name VARCHAR2(10));
CREATE TABLE emps_short
(employee_id NUMBER, last_name VARCHAR2(10));
CREATE TYPE project_table_typ AS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(10);
/
SELECT e.last_name,
CAST(MULTISET(SELECT p.project_name
FROM projects p
WHERE p.employee_id = e.employee_id
ORDER BY p.project_name)
AS project_table_typ)
FROM emps_short e
ORDER BY e.last_name;
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE ROWID = CHARTOROWID('AAAFd1AAFAAAABSAA/');
LAST_NAME
-------------------------
Greene
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE ROWID = CHARTOROWID('AAAFd1AAFAAAABSAA/');
LAST_NAME
-------------------------
Greene
SELECT COMPOSE( 'o' || UNISTR('\0308') )
FROM DUAL;
CO
--
ö
SELECT CONVERT('Ä Ê Í Õ Ø A B C D E ', 'US7ASCII', 'WE8ISO8859P1')
FROM DUAL;
CONVERT('ÄÊÍÕØABCDE'
---------------------
A E I ? ? A B C D E ?
SELECT * FROM V$NLS_VALID_VALUES WHERE parameter = 'CHARACTERSET';
SELECT DECOMPOSE ('Châteaux')
FROM DUAL;
DECOMPOSE
---------
Châteaux
CREATE TABLE test (raw_col RAW(10));
INSERT INTO test VALUES (HEXTORAW('7D'));
SELECT UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_VARCHAR2(HEXTORAW('4041424344'))
FROM DUAL;
UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_VARCHAR2(HEXTORAW('4041424344'))
------------------------------------------------
@ABCD
SELECT manager_id, last_name, hire_date,
COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY hire_date
RANGE NUMTODSINTERVAL(100, 'day') PRECEDING) AS t_count
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name, hire_date;
MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE T_COUNT
---------- ------------------------- --------- ----------
149 Abel 11-MAY-04 1
147 Ande 24-MAR-08 3
121 Atkinson 30-OCT-05 2
103 Austin 25-JUN-05 1
. . .
124 Walsh 24-APR-06 2
100 Weiss 18-JUL-04 1
101 Whalen 17-SEP-03 1
100 Zlotkey 29-JAN-08 2
CREATE TABLE test (raw_col RAW(10));
INSERT INTO test VALUES (HEXTORAW('7D'));
SELECT UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_VARCHAR2(HEXTORAW('4041424344'))
FROM DUAL;
UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_VARCHAR2(HEXTORAW('4041424344'))
------------------------------------------------
@ABCD
SELECT manager_id, last_name, hire_date,
COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY hire_date
RANGE NUMTODSINTERVAL(100, 'day') PRECEDING) AS t_count
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name, hire_date;
MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE T_COUNT
---------- ------------------------- --------- ----------
149 Abel 11-MAY-04 1
147 Ande 24-MAR-08 3
121 Atkinson 30-OCT-05 2
103 Austin 25-JUN-05 1
. . .
124 Walsh 24-APR-06 2
100 Weiss 18-JUL-04 1
101 Whalen 17-SEP-03 1
100 Zlotkey 29-JAN-08 2
SELECT last_name, hire_date, salary,
SUM(salary) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date
RANGE NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1,'year') PRECEDING) AS t_sal
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name, hire_date;
LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY T_SAL
------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------
Abel 11-MAY-04 11000 90300
Ande 24-MAR-08 6400 112500
Atkinson 30-OCT-05 2800 177000
Austin 25-JUN-05 4800 134700
. . .
Walsh 24-APR-06 3100 186200
Weiss 18-JUL-04 8000 70900
Whalen 17-SEP-03 4400 54000
Zlotkey 29-JAN-08 10500 119000
SELECT RAWTOHEX(raw_column) "Graphics"
FROM graphics;
Graphics
--------
7D
SELECT RAWTONHEX(raw_column),
DUMP ( RAWTONHEX (raw_column) ) "DUMP"
FROM graphics;
RAWTONHEX(RA) DUMP
----------------------- ------------------------------
7D Typ=1 Len=4: 0,55,0,68
SELECT ROWID FROM employees
WHERE ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) LIKE '%JAAB%'
ORDER BY ROWID;
ROWID
------------------
AAAFfIAAFAAAABSAAb
SELECT RAWTONHEX(raw_column),
DUMP ( RAWTONHEX (raw_column) ) "DUMP"
FROM graphics;
RAWTONHEX(RA) DUMP
----------------------- ------------------------------
7D Typ=1 Len=4: 0,55,0,68
SELECT ROWID FROM employees
WHERE ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) LIKE '%JAAB%'
ORDER BY ROWID;
ROWID
------------------
AAAFfIAAFAAAABSAAb
SELECT LENGTHB( ROWIDTONCHAR(ROWID) ) Length, ROWIDTONCHAR(ROWID)
FROM employees
ORDER BY length;
LENGTH ROWIDTONCHAR(ROWID
---------- ------------------
36 AAAL52AAFAAAABSABD
36 AAAL52AAFAAAABSABV
. . .
SELECT SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(ORA_ROWSCN) FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 188;
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 188;
SALARY
----------
3800
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary*10 WHERE employee_id = 188;
COMMIT;
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 188;
SALARY
----------
38000
SELECT SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(ORA_ROWSCN) FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 188;
SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(ORA_ROWSCN)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
28-AUG-03 01.58.01.000000000 PM
FLASHBACK TABLE employees TO TIMESTAMP
TO_TIMESTAMP('28-AUG-03 01.00.00.000000000 PM');
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 188;
SALARY
----------
3800
INSERT INTO orders (order_id, order_date, customer_id, order_total)
VALUES (5000, SYSTIMESTAMP, 188, 2345);
1 row created.
COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SELECT TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(order_date) FROM orders
WHERE order_id = 5000;
TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(ORDER_DATE)
----------------------------
574100
CREATE TABLE float_point_demo
(dec_num NUMBER(10,2), bin_double BINARY_DOUBLE, bin_float BINARY_FLOAT);
INSERT INTO float_point_demo
VALUES (1234.56,1234.56,1234.56);
SELECT * FROM float_point_demo;
DEC_NUM BIN_DOUBLE BIN_FLOAT
---------- ---------- ----------
1234.56 1.235E+003 1.235E+003
SELECT dec_num, TO_BINARY_DOUBLE(dec_num)
FROM float_point_demo;
DEC_NUM TO_BINARY_DOUBLE(DEC_NUM)
---------- -------------------------
1234.56 1.235E+003
SELECT DUMP(dec_num) "Decimal",
DUMP(bin_double) "Double"
FROM float_point_demo;
Decimal Double
--------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
Typ=2 Len=4: 194,13,35,57 Typ=101 Len=8: 192,147,74,61,112,163,215,10
SELECT TO_BINARY_DOUBLE('2oo' DEFAULT 0 ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
----------
0
SELECT dec_num, TO_BINARY_FLOAT(dec_num)
FROM float_point_demo;
DEC_NUM TO_BINARY_FLOAT(DEC_NUM)
---------- ------------------------
1234.56 1.235E+003
SELECT TO_BINARY_FLOAT('2oo' DEFAULT 0 ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
----------
0
SELECT TO_BLOB(media_col, 'JPEG') FROM media_tab;
SELECT TO_BLOB(raw_column) blob FROM raw_table;
BLOB
-----------------------
00AADD343CDBBD
SELECT TO_CHAR(media_col, 873) FROM media_tab;
SELECT TO_CHAR('01110') FROM DUAL;
TO_CH
-----
01110
SELECT TO_CHAR(ad_sourcetext) FROM print_media
WHERE product_id = 2268;
TO_CHAR(AD_SOURCETEXT)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
******************************
TIGER2 2268...Standard Hayes Compatible Modem
Product ID: 2268
The #1 selling modem in the universe! Tiger2's modem includes call management
and Internet voicing. Make real-time full duplex phone calls at the same time
you're online.
**********************************
CREATE TABLE empl_temp
(
employee_id NUMBER(6),
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
last_name VARCHAR2(25),
email VARCHAR2(25),
hire_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
job_id VARCHAR2(10),
clob_column CLOB
);
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(111,'John','Doe','example.com','10-JAN-2015','1001','Experienced Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(112,'John','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2015','1002','Junior Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(113,'Johnnie','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2014','1002','Mid-Career Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(115,'Jane','Doe','example.com','15-JAN-2015','1005','Executive Employee');
SELECT To_char(clob_column) "CLOB_TO_CHAR"
FROM empl_temp
WHERE employee_id IN ( 111, 112, 115 );
CLOB_TO_CHAR
--------------------
Experienced Employee
Junior Employee
Executive Employee
CREATE TABLE date_tab (
ts_col TIMESTAMP,
tsltz_col TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE,
tstz_col TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:00';
INSERT INTO date_tab VALUES (
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-01 10:00:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-01 10:00:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-01 10:00:00');
INSERT INTO date_tab VALUES (
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-02 10:00:00 -8:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-02 10:00:00 -8:00',
TIMESTAMP'1999-12-02 10:00:00 -8:00');
SELECT TO_CHAR(ts_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS ts_date,
TO_CHAR(tstz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF TZH:TZM') AS tstz_date
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY ts_date, tstz_date;
TS_DATE TSTZ_DATE
------------------------------ -------------------------------------
01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE,
TO_CHAR(tsltz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS tsltz
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY sessiontimezone, tsltz;
SESSIONTIM TSLTZ
---------- ------------------------------
-08:00 01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000
-08:00 02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:00';
SELECT TO_CHAR(ts_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS ts_col,
TO_CHAR(tstz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF TZH:TZM') AS tstz_col
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY ts_col, tstz_col;
TS_COL TSTZ_COL
------------------------------ -------------------------------------
01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 01-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 02-DEC-1999 10:00:00.000000 -08:00
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE,
TO_CHAR(tsltz_col, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') AS tsltz_col
FROM date_tab
ORDER BY sessiontimezone, tsltz_col;
2 3 4
SESSIONTIM TSLTZ_COL
---------- ------------------------------
-05:00 01-DEC-1999 13:00:00.000000
-05:00 02-DEC-1999 13:00:00.000000
SELECT TO_CHAR(INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH) FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR
-------
+123-02
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
to_char(d, 'dd-mm-yyyy') "Day-Month-Year",
to_char(d, 'hh24:mi') "Time in 24-hr format",
to_char(d, 'iw-iyyy') "ISO Year and Week of Year"
FROM dates;
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:44:32' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT d "Original Date",
to_char(d, 'dd-mm-yyyy') "Day-Month-Year",
to_char(d, 'hh24:mi') "Time in 24-hr format",
to_char(d, 'iw-iyyy') "ISO Year and Week of Year",
to_char(d, 'Month') "Month Name",
to_char(d, 'Year') "Year"
FROM dates;
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date'2015-01-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-01-10' d FROM dual union
SELECT date'2015-02-01' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-03-03 23:44:32' d FROM dual union
SELECT timestamp'2015-04-11 12:34:56' d FROM dual
)
SELECT extract(minute from d) minutes,
extract(hour from d) hours,
extract(day from d) days,
extract(month from d) months,
extract(year from d) years
FROM dates;
WITH nums AS (
SELECT 10 n FROM dual union
SELECT 9.99 n FROM dual union
SELECT 1000000 n FROM dual --one million
)
SELECT n "Input Number N",
to_char(n),
to_char(n, '9,999,999.99') "Number with Commas",
to_char(n, '0,000,000.000') "Zero-padded Number",
to_char(n, '9.9EEEE') "Scientific Notation"
FROM nums;
WITH nums AS (
SELECT 10 n FROM dual union
SELECT 9.99 n FROM dual union
SELECT .99 n FROM dual union
SELECT 1000000 n FROM dual --one million
)
SELECT n "Input Number N",
to_char(n),
to_char(n, '9,999,999.99') "Number with Commas",
to_char(n, '0,000,000.000') "Zero_padded Number",
to_char(n, '9.9EEEE') "Scientific Notation",
to_char(n, '$9,999,990.00') Monetary,
to_char(n, 'X') "Hexadecimal Value"
FROM nums;
WITH nums AS (
SELECT 10 n FROM dual union
SELECT 9.99 n FROM dual union
SELECT .99 n FROM dual union
SELECT 1000000 n FROM dual --one million
)
SELECT n "Input Number N",
to_char(n),
to_char(n, '9,999,999.99') "Number with Commas",
to_char(n, '0,000,000.000') "Zero_padded Number",
to_char(n, '9.9EEEE') "Scientific Notation",
to_char(n, '$9,999,990.00') Monetary,
to_char(n, 'XXXXXX') "Hexadecimal Value"
FROM nums;
CREATE TABLE empl_temp
(
employee_id NUMBER(6),
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
last_name VARCHAR2(25),
email VARCHAR2(25),
hire_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
job_id VARCHAR2(10),
clob_column CLOB
);
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(111,'John','Doe','example.com','10-JAN-2015','1001','Experienced Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(112,'John','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2015','1002','Junior Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(113,'Johnnie','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2014','1002','Mid-Career Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(115,'Jane','Doe','example.com','15-JAN-2015','1005','Executive Employee');
SELECT hire_date "Default",
TO_CHAR(hire_date,'DS') "Short",
TO_CHAR(hire_date,'DL') "Long"FROM empl_temp
WHERE employee_id IN (111, 112, 115);
Default Short Long
---------- ---------- --------------------------
10-JAN-15 1/10/2015 Saturday, January 10, 2015
12-JAN-15 1/12/2015 Monday, January 12, 2015
15-JAN-15 1/15/2015 Thursday, January 15, 2015
'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = ''dg''
NLS_CURRENCY = ''text''
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY = territory '
SELECT TO_CHAR('01110' + 1) FROM DUAL;
TO_C
----
1111
SELECT TO_CHAR(-10000,'L99G999D99MI') "Amount"
FROM DUAL;
Amount
--------------
$10,000.00-
SELECT TO_CHAR(-10000,'L99G999D99MI',
'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = '',.''
NLS_CURRENCY = ''AusDollars'' ') "Amount"
FROM DUAL;
Amount
-------------------
AusDollars10.000,00-
SELECT TO_CHAR(-10000,'99G999D99C',
'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = '',.''
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY=POLAND') "Amount"
FROM DUAL;
Amount
-----------------
-10.000,00PLN
CREATE TABLE empl_temp
(
employee_id NUMBER(6),
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
last_name VARCHAR2(25),
email VARCHAR2(25),
hire_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
job_id VARCHAR2(10),
clob_column CLOB
);
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(111,'John','Doe','example.com','10-JAN-2015','1001','Experienced Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(112,'John','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2015','1002','Junior Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(113,'Johnnie','Smith','example.com','12-JAN-2014','1002','Mid-Career Employee');
INSERT INTO empl_temp
VALUES(115,'Jane','Doe','example.com','15-JAN-2015','1005','Executive Employee');
SELECT To_char(employee_id) "NUM_TO_CHAR"
FROM empl_temp
WHERE employee_id IN ( 111, 112, 113, 115 );
NUM_TO_CHAR
--------------------
111
112
113
115
SELECT TO_CLOB(docu, 873, 'text/xml') FROM media_tab;
UPDATE PRINT_MEDIA
SET AD_FINALTEXT = TO_CLOB (AD_FLTEXTN);
SELECT TO_DATE(
'January 15, 1989, 11:00 A.M.',
'Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI A.M.',
'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')
FROM DUAL;
TO_DATE('
---------
15-JAN-89
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TERRITORY = 'KOREAN';
SELECT TO_DATE(
'January 15, 1989, 11:00 A.M.',
'Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI A.M.',
'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')
FROM DUAL;
TO_DATE(
--------
89/01/15
SELECT TO_DATE('Febuary 15, 2016, 11:00 A.M.'
DEFAULT 'January 01, 2016 12:00 A.M.' ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'Month dd, YYYY, HH:MI A.M.') "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
---------
01-JAN-16
SELECT employee_id, last_name FROM employees
WHERE hire_date + TO_DSINTERVAL('100 00:00:00')
<= DATE '2002-11-01'
ORDER BY employee_id;
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME
----------- ---------------
102 De Haan
203 Mavris
204 Baer
205 Higgins
206 Giet
SELECT TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP '2009-01-01 00:00:00' + TO_DSINTERVAL('P100DT05H'),
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') "Time Stamp"
FROM DUAL;
Time Stamp
-------------------
2009-04-11 05:00:00
SELECT TO_DSINTERVAL('1o 1:02:10'
DEFAULT '10 8:00:00' ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
-----------------------------
+000000010 08:00:00.000000000
CREATE TABLE new_table (col1, col2, ... lob_col CLOB);
INSERT INTO new_table (select o.col1, o.col2, ... TO_LOB(o.old_long_col)
FROM old_table o;
SELECT dump(TO_MULTI_BYTE( 'A')) FROM DUAL;
DUMP(TO_MULTI_BYTE('A'))
------------------------
Typ=1 Len=3: 239,188,161
SELECT TO_NCHAR(cust_last_name) FROM customers
WHERE customer_id=103;
TO_NCHAR(CUST_LAST_NAME)
--------------------------------------------------
Taylor
SELECT TO_NCHAR(ORDER_DATE) AS order_date
FROM ORDERS
WHERE ORDER_STATUS > 9
ORDER BY order_date;
ORDER_DATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
06-DEC-99 02.22.34.225609 PM
13-SEP-99 10.19.00.654279 AM
14-SEP-99 09.53.40.223345 AM
26-JUN-00 10.19.43.190089 PM
27-JUN-00 09.53.32.335522 PM
SELECT TO_NCHAR(customer_id) "NCHAR_Customer_ID" FROM orders
WHERE order_status > 9
ORDER BY "NCHAR_Customer_ID";
NCHAR_Customer_ID
----------------------------------------
102
103
148
148
149
INSERT INTO print_media (product_id, ad_id, ad_fltextn)
VALUES (3502, 31001,
TO_NCLOB('Placeholder for new product description'));
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary +
TO_NUMBER('100.00', '9G999D99')
WHERE last_name = 'Perkins';
SELECT TO_NUMBER('-AusDollars100','L9G999D99',
' NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = '',.''
NLS_CURRENCY = ''AusDollars''
') "Amount"
FROM DUAL;
Amount
----------
-100
SELECT TO_NUMBER('2,00' DEFAULT 0 ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
--------
0
SELECT TO_SINGLE_BYTE( CHR(15711393)) FROM DUAL;
T
-
A
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP ('10-Sep-02 14:10:10.123000', 'DD-Mon-RR HH24:MI:SS.FF')
FROM DUAL;
TO_TIMESTAMP('10-SEP-0214:10:10.123000','DD-MON-RRHH24:MI:SS.FF')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10-SEP-02 02.10.10.123000000 PM
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP ('10-Sept-02 14:10:10.123000'
DEFAULT NULL ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'DD-Mon-RR HH24:MI:SS.FF',
'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') "Value"
FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-12-01 11:00:00 -8:00',
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM') FROM DUAL;
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-12-0111:00:00-08:00','YYYY-MM-DDHH:MI:SSTZH:TZM')
--------------------------------------------------------------------
01-DEC-99 11.00.00.000000000 AM -08:00
SELECT order_id, line_item_id,
CAST(NULL AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE) order_date
FROM order_items
UNION
SELECT order_id, to_number(null), order_date
FROM orders;
ORDER_ID LINE_ITEM_ID ORDER_DATE
---------- ------------ -----------------------------------
2354 1
2354 2
2354 3
2354 4
2354 5
2354 6
2354 7
2354 8
2354 9
2354 10
2354 11
2354 12
2354 13
2354 14-JUL-00 05.18.23.234567 PM
2355 1
2355 2
. . .
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-13-01 11:00:00 -8:00'
DEFAULT NULL ON CONVERSION ERROR,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM') "Value"
FROM DUAL;
SELECT hire_date, hire_date + TO_YMINTERVAL('01-02') "14 months"
FROM employees;
HIRE_DATE 14 months
--------- ---------
17-JUN-03 17-AUG-04
21-SEP-05 21-NOV-06
13-JAN-01 13-MAR-02
20-MAY-08 20-JUL-09
21-MAY-07 21-JUL-08
. . .
SELECT hire_date, hire_date + TO_YMINTERVAL('P1Y2M') FROM employees;
SELECT TO_YMINTERVAL('1x-02'
DEFAULT '00-00' ON CONVERSION ERROR) "Value"
FROM DUAL;
Value
-------------
+000000000-00
SELECT name, TREAT(VALUE(p) AS employee_t).salary salary
FROM persons p;
NAME SALARY
------------------------- ----------
Bob
Joe 100000
Tim 1000
SELECT UNISTR('abc\00e5\00f1\00f6') FROM DUAL;
UNISTR
------
abcåñö
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION(1000 AS BINARY_DOUBLE)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('1234.56' AS BINARY_FLOAT)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('July 20, 1969, 20:18' AS DATE,
'Month dd, YYYY, HH24:MI', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('200 00:00:00' AS INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('P1Y2M' AS INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('$100,00' AS NUMBER,
'$999D99', 'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = '',.''')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('29-Jan-02 17:24:00' AS TIMESTAMP,
'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('1999-12-01 11:00:00 -8:00'
AS TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('11-May-16 17:30:00'
AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('$29.99' AS BINARY_FLOAT)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT VALIDATE_CONVERSION('$29.99' AS BINARY_FLOAT, '$99D99')
FROM DUAL;
大对象函数
CREATE DIRECTORY media_dir AS '/demo/schema/product_media';
INSERT INTO print_media (product_id, ad_id, ad_graphic)
VALUES (3000, 31001, BFILENAME('MEDIA_DIR', 'modem_comp_ad.gif'));
UPDATE print_media
SET ad_photo = EMPTY_BLOB();
集合函数
SELECT product_id, CARDINALITY(ad_textdocs_ntab) cardinality
FROM print_media
ORDER BY product_id;
PRODUCT_ID CARDINALITY
---------- -----------
2056 3
2268 3
3060 3
3106 3
CREATE TYPE phone_book_t AS TABLE OF phone_list_typ;
/
SELECT CAST(COLLECT(phone_numbers) AS phone_book_t) "Income Level L Phone Book"
FROM customers
WHERE income_level = 'L: 300,000 and above';
Income Level L Phone Book
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONE_BOOK_T(PHONE_LIST_TYP('+1 414 123 4307'), PHONE_LIST_TYP('+1 608 123 4344'
), PHONE_LIST_TYP('+1 814 123 4696'), PHONE_LIST_TYP('+1 215 123 4721'), PHONE_L
IST_TYP('+1 814 123 4755'), PHONE_LIST_TYP('+91 11 012 4817', '+91 11 083 4817')
, PHONE_LIST_TYP('+91 172 012 4837'), PHONE_LIST_TYP('+41 31 012 3569', '+41 31
083 3569'))
CREATE TYPE warehouse_name_t AS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(35);
/
SELECT CAST(COLLECT(warehouse_name ORDER BY warehouse_name)
AS warehouse_name_t) "Warehouses"
FROM warehouses;
Warehouses
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WAREHOUSE_NAME_TYP('Beijing', 'Bombay', 'Mexico City', 'New Jersey', 'San Franci
sco', 'Seattle, Washington', 'Southlake, Texas', 'Sydney', 'Toronto')
CREATE TYPE cust_address_tab_tab_typ
AS TABLE OF cust_address_tab_typ;
/
SELECT CAST(POWERMULTISET(cust_address_ntab) AS cust_address_tab_tab_typ)
FROM customers_demo;
CAST(POWERMULTISET(CUST_ADDRESS_NTAB) AS CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP)
(STREET_ADDRESS, POSTAL_CODE, CITY, STATE_PROVINCE, COUNTRY_ID)
------------------------------------------------------------------
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('514 W Superior St', '46901', 'Kokomo', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('2515 Bloyd Ave', '46218', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('8768 N State Rd 37', '47404', 'Bloomington', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('6445 Bay Harbor Ln', '46254', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US')))
. . .
CREATE TYPE cust_address_tab_tab_typ
AS TABLE OF cust_address_tab_typ;
/
SELECT CAST(POWERMULTISET(cust_address_ntab) AS cust_address_tab_tab_typ)
FROM customers_demo;
CAST(POWERMULTISET(CUST_ADDRESS_NTAB) AS CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP)
(STREET_ADDRESS, POSTAL_CODE, CITY, STATE_PROVINCE, COUNTRY_ID)
------------------------------------------------------------------
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('514 W Superior St', '46901', 'Kokomo', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('2515 Bloyd Ave', '46218', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('8768 N State Rd 37', '47404', 'Bloomington', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP
('6445 Bay Harbor Ln', '46254', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US')))
. . .
CREATE TYPE cust_address_tab_tab_typ
AS TABLE OF cust_address_tab_typ;
/
UPDATE customers_demo
SET cust_address_ntab = cust_address_ntab MULTISET UNION cust_address_ntab;
SELECT CAST(POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY(cust_address_ntab, 2)
AS cust_address_tab_tab_typ)
FROM customers_demo;
CAST(POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY(CUST_ADDRESS_NTAB,2) AS CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP)
(STREET_ADDRESS, POSTAL_CODE, CITY, STATE_PROVINCE, COUNTRY_ID)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP
(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('514 W Superior St', '46901', 'Kokomo', 'IN', 'US'),
CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('514 W Superior St', '46901', 'Kokomo', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP
(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('2515 Bloyd Ave', '46218', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US'),
CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('2515 Bloyd Ave', '46218', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US')))
CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP
(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('8768 N State Rd 37', '47404', 'Bloomington', 'IN', 'US'),
CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('8768 N State Rd 37', '47404', 'Bloomington', 'IN', 'US')))
. . .
SELECT customer_id, SET(cust_address_ntab) address
FROM customers_demo
ORDER BY customer_id;
CUSTOMER_ID ADDRESS(STREET_ADDRESS, POSTAL_CODE, CITY, STATE_PROVINCE, COUNTRY_ID)
----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
101 CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('514 W Superior St', '46901', 'Kokomo', 'IN', 'US'))
102 CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('2515 Bloyd Ave', '46218', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US'))
103 CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('8768 N State Rd 37', '47404', 'Bloomington', 'IN', 'US'))
104 CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('6445 Bay Harbor Ln', '46254', 'Indianapolis', 'IN', 'US'))
105 CUST_ADDRESS_TAB_TYP(CUST_ADDRESS_TYP('4019 W 3Rd St', '47404', 'Bloomington', 'IN', 'US'))
. . .
层次函数
SELECT LPAD(' ', 2*level-1)||SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(last_name, '/') "Path"
FROM employees
START WITH last_name = 'Kochhar'
CONNECT BY PRIOR employee_id = manager_id;
Path
------------------------------
/Kochhar/Greenberg/Chen
/Kochhar/Greenberg/Faviet
/Kochhar/Greenberg/Popp
/Kochhar/Greenberg/Sciarra
/Kochhar/Greenberg/Urman
/Kochhar/Higgins/Gietz
/Kochhar/Baer
/Kochhar/Greenberg
/Kochhar/Higgins
/Kochhar/Mavris
/Kochhar/Whalen
/Kochhar
用于Oracle机器学习的SQL函数
SELECT S.cluster_id, probability prob,
CLUSTER_DETAILS(em_sh_clus_sample, S.cluster_id, 5 USING T.*) det
FROM
(SELECT v.*, CLUSTER_SET(em_sh_clus_sample, NULL, 0.2 USING *) pset
FROM mining_data_apply_v v
WHERE cust_id = 100955) T,
TABLE(T.pset) S
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
CLUSTER_ID PROB DET
---------- ----- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 .6761 <Details algorithm="Expectation Maximization" cluster="14">
<Attribute name="AGE" actualValue="51" weight=".676" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".557" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="0" weight=".412" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".171" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION" actualValue="1" weight="-.003"rank="5"/>
</Details>
3 .3227 <Details algorithm="Expectation Maximization" cluster="3">
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="3" weight=".323" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="BULK_PACK_DISKETTES" actualValue="1" weight=".265" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="HS-grad" weight=".172" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".125" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="OCCUPATION" actualValue="Crafts" weight=".055" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT cust_id,
CLUSTER_ID(INTO 4 USING *) OVER () cls,
CLUSTER_DETAILS(INTO 4 USING *) OVER () cls_details
FROM mining_data_apply_v)
WHERE cust_id <= 100003
ORDER BY 1;
CUST_ID CLS CLS_DETAILS
------- --- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100001 5 <Details algorithm="K-Means Clustering" cluster="5">
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="0" weight=".349" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="BULK_PACK_DISKETTES" actualValue="0" weight=".33" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_INCOME_LEVEL" actualValue="G: 130\,000 - 149\,999" weight=".291"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".268" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".179" rank="5"/>
</Details>
100002 6 <Details algorithm="K-Means Clustering" cluster="6">
<Attribute name="CUST_GENDER" actualValue="F" weight=".945" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="NeverM" weight=".856" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".468" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".012" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_INCOME_LEVEL" actualValue="L: 300\,000 and above" weight=".009"
rank="5"/>
</Details>
100003 7 <Details algorithm="K-Means Clustering" cluster="7">
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="NeverM" weight=".862" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".423" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="0" weight=".113" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".007" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_ID" actualValue="100003" weight=".006" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT cust_id
FROM (
SELECT cust_id,
rank() over
(order by CLUSTER_DISTANCE(km_sh_clus_sample USING *) desc) rnk
FROM mining_data_apply_v)
WHERE rnk <= 11
ORDER BY rnk;
CUST_ID
----------
100579
100050
100329
100962
101251
100179
100382
100713
100629
100787
101478
SELECT CLUSTER_ID(km_sh_clus_sample USING *) AS clus, COUNT(*) AS cnt
FROM mining_data_apply_v
GROUP BY CLUSTER_ID(km_sh_clus_sample USING *)
ORDER BY cnt DESC;
CLUS CNT
---------- ----------
2 580
10 216
6 186
8 115
19 110
12 101
18 81
16 39
17 38
14 34
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT cust_id,
CLUSTER_ID(INTO 4 USING *) OVER () cls,
CLUSTER_DETAILS(INTO 4 USING *) OVER () cls_details
FROM mining_data_apply_v)
WHERE cust_id <= 100003
ORDER BY 1;
CUST_ID CLS CLS_DETAILS
------- --- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
100001 5 <Details algorithm="K-Means Clustering" cluster="5">
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="0" weight=".349" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="BULK_PACK_DISKETTES" actualValue="0" weight=".33" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_INCOME_LEVEL" actualValue="G: 130\,000 - 149\,999"
weight=".291" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".268" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".179" rank="5"/>
</Details>
100002 6 <Details algorithm="K-Means Clustering" cluster="6">
<Attribute name="CUST_GENDER" actualValue="F" weight=".945" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="NeverM" weight=".856" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".468" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".012" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_INCOME_LEVEL" actualValue="L: 300\,000 and above"
weight=".009" rank="5"/>
</Details>
100003 7 <Details algorithm="K-Means Clustering" cluster="7">
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="NeverM" weight=".862" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".423" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="0" weight=".113" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".007" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_ID" actualValue="100003" weight=".006" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT cust_id
FROM (SELECT cust_id, rank() OVER (ORDER BY prob DESC, cust_id) rnk_clus2
FROM (SELECT cust_id, CLUSTER_PROBABILITY(km_sh_clus_sample, 2 USING *) prob
FROM mining_data_apply_v))
WHERE rnk_clus2 <= 10
ORDER BY rnk_clus2;
CUST_ID
----------
100256
100988
100889
101086
101215
100390
100985
101026
100601
100672
SELECT S.cluster_id, probability prob,
CLUSTER_DETAILS(em_sh_clus_sample, S.cluster_id, 5 USING T.*) det
FROM
(SELECT v.*, CLUSTER_SET(em_sh_clus_sample, NULL, 0.2 USING *) pset
FROM mining_data_apply_v v
WHERE cust_id = 100955) T,
TABLE(T.pset) S
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
CLUSTER_ID PROB DET
---------- ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 .6761 <Details algorithm="Expectation Maximization" cluster="14">
<Attribute name="AGE" actualValue="51" weight=".676" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".557" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="0" weight=".412" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".171" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION" actualValue="1" weight="-.003"rank="5"/>
</Details>
3 .3227 <Details algorithm="Expectation Maximization" cluster="3">
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="3" weight=".323" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="BULK_PACK_DISKETTES" actualValue="1" weight=".265" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="HS-grad" weight=".172" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".125" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="OCCUPATION" actualValue="Crafts" weight=".055" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT 1-FEATURE_COMPARE(esa_wiki_mod USING 'There are several PGA tour golfers from South Africa' text AND USING 'Nick Price won the 2002 Mastercard Colonial Open' text) similarity FROM DUAL;
SIMILARITY
----------
.258
SELECT 1-FEATURE_COMPARE(esa_wiki_mod USING 'There are several PGA tour golfers from South Africa' text AND USING 'John Elway played quarterback for the Denver Broncos' text) similarity FROM DUAL;
SIMILARITY
----------
.007
SELECT S.feature_id fid, value val,
FEATURE_DETAILS(nmf_sh_sample, S.feature_id, 5 using T.*) det
FROM
(SELECT v.*, FEATURE_SET(nmf_sh_sample, 3 USING *) fset
FROM mining_data_apply_v v
WHERE cust_id = 100002) T,
TABLE(T.fset) S
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
FID VAL DET
---- ------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 3.492 <Details algorithm="Non-Negative Matrix Factorization" feature="5">
<Attribute name="BULK_PACK_DISKETTES" actualValue="1" weight=".077" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="OCCUPATION" actualValue="Prof." weight=".062" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION" actualValue="1" weight=".001" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="OS_DOC_SET_KANJI" actualValue="0" weight="0" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="4" weight="0" rank="5"/>
</Details>
3 1.928 <Details algorithm="Non-Negative Matrix Factorization" feature="3">
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".239" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_INCOME_LEVEL" actualValue="L: 300\,000 and above"
weight=".051" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="1" weight=".02" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".006" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="AGE" actualValue="41" weight=".004" rank="5"/>
</Details>
8 .816 <Details algorithm="Non-Negative Matrix Factorization" feature="8">
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="Bach." weight=".211" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="NeverM" weight=".143" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="1" weight=".137" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_GENDER" actualValue="F" weight=".044" rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="BULK_PACK_DISKETTES" actualValue="1" weight=".032" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT feature_id, value
FROM (
SELECT cust_id, feature_set(INTO 6 USING *) OVER () fset
FROM mining_data_apply_v),
TABLE (fset)
WHERE cust_id = 100001
ORDER BY feature_id;
FEATURE_ID VALUE
---------- --------
1 2.670
2 .000
3 1.792
4 .000
5 .000
6 3.379
SELECT FEATURE_ID(nmf_sh_sample USING *) AS feat, COUNT(*) AS cnt
FROM nmf_sh_sample_apply_prepared
GROUP BY FEATURE_ID(nmf_sh_sample USING *)
ORDER BY cnt DESC, feat DESC;
FEAT CNT
---------- ----------
7 1443
2 49
3 6
6 1
1 1
WITH
feat_tab AS (
SELECT F.feature_id fid,
A.attribute_name attr,
TO_CHAR(A.attribute_value) val,
A.coefficient coeff
FROM TABLE(DBMS_DATA_MINING.GET_MODEL_DETAILS_NMF('nmf_sh_sample')) F,
TABLE(F.attribute_set) A
WHERE A.coefficient > 0.25
),
feat AS (
SELECT fid,
CAST(COLLECT(Featattr(attr, val, coeff))
AS Featattrs) f_attrs
FROM feat_tab
GROUP BY fid
),
cust_10_features AS (
SELECT T.cust_id, S.feature_id, S.value
FROM (SELECT cust_id, FEATURE_SET(nmf_sh_sample, 10 USING *) pset
FROM nmf_sh_sample_apply_prepared
WHERE cust_id = 100002) T,
TABLE(T.pset) S
)
SELECT A.value, A.feature_id fid,
B.attr, B.val, B.coeff
FROM cust_10_features A,
(SELECT T.fid, F.*
FROM feat T,
TABLE(T.f_attrs) F) B
WHERE A.feature_id = B.fid
ORDER BY A.value DESC, A.feature_id ASC, coeff DESC, attr ASC, val ASC;
VALUE FID ATTR VAL COEFF
-------- ---- ------------------------- ------------------------ -------
6.8409 7 YRS_RESIDENCE 1.3879
6.8409 7 BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION .4388
6.8409 7 CUST_GENDER M .2956
6.8409 7 COUNTRY_NAME United States of America .2848
6.4975 3 YRS_RESIDENCE 1.2668
6.4975 3 BOOKKEEPING_APPLICATION .3465
6.4975 3 COUNTRY_NAME United States of America .2927
6.4886 2 YRS_RESIDENCE 1.3285
6.4886 2 CUST_GENDER M .2819
6.4886 2 PRINTER_SUPPLIES .2704
6.3953 4 YRS_RESIDENCE 1.2931
5.9640 6 YRS_RESIDENCE 1.1585
5.9640 6 HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE .2576
5.2424 5 YRS_RESIDENCE 1.0067
2.4714 8 YRS_RESIDENCE .3297
2.3559 1 YRS_RESIDENCE .2768
2.3559 1 FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR .2593
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT cust_id, FEATURE_VALUE(nmf_sh_sample, 3 USING *) match_quality
FROM nmf_sh_sample_apply_prepared
ORDER BY match_quality DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 11;
CUST_ID MATCH_QUALITY
---------- -------------
100210 19.4101627
100962 15.2482251
101151 14.5685197
101499 14.4186292
100363 14.4037396
100372 14.3335148
100982 14.1716545
101039 14.1079914
100759 14.0913761
100953 14.0799737
SELECT prediction(mymodel using *) pred, ora_dm_partition_name(mymodel USING *) pname FROM customers;
SELECT cust_gender, COUNT(*) AS cnt, ROUND(AVG(age)) AS avg_age
FROM mining_data_apply_v
WHERE PREDICTION(dt_sh_clas_sample COST MODEL
USING cust_marital_status, education, household_size) = 1
GROUP BY cust_gender
ORDER BY cust_gender;
CUST_GENDER CNT AVG_AGE
------------ ---------- ----------
F 170 38
M 685 42
SQL> select * from dt_sh_sample_cost;
ACTUAL_TARGET_VALUE PREDICTED_TARGET_VALUE COST
------------------- ---------------------- ------------
0 0 .000000000
0 1 1.000000000
1 0 8.000000000
1 1 .000000000
SELECT cust_id, age, pred_age, age-pred_age age_diff, pred_det FROM
(SELECT cust_id, age, pred_age, pred_det,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY ABS(age-pred_age) desc) rnk FROM
(SELECT cust_id, age,
PREDICTION(FOR age USING *) OVER () pred_age,
PREDICTION_DETAILS(FOR age ABS USING *) OVER () pred_det
FROM mining_data_apply_v))
WHERE rnk <= 3;
CUST_ID AGE PRED_AGE AGE_DIFF PRED_DET
------- ---- -------- -------- -------- ----------------------------------------------------------
100910 80 40.67 39.33 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="4" weight=".059"
rank="5"/>
</Details>
101285 79 42.18 36.82 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="Mabsent"
weight=".059" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="OCCUPATION" actualValue="Prof." weight=".059"
rank="5"/>
</Details>
100694 77 41.04 35.96 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="< Bach." weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_ID" actualValue="100694" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="COUNTRY_NAME" actualValue="United States of
America" weight=".059" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT count(cust_id) cust_count, cust_marital_status
FROM (SELECT cust_id, cust_marital_status
FROM mining_data_apply_v
WHERE PREDICTION_BOUNDS(glmr_sh_regr_sample,0.98 USING *).LOWER > 24 AND
PREDICTION_BOUNDS(glmr_sh_regr_sample,0.98 USING *).UPPER < 46)
GROUP BY cust_marital_status;
CUST_COUNT CUST_MARITAL_STATUS
-------------- --------------------
46 NeverM
7 Mabsent
5 Separ.
35 Divorc.
72 Married
ACTUAL_TARGET_VALUE PREDICTED_TARGET_VALUE COST
------------------- ---------------------- ----------
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 5
1 1 0
SELECT cust_id
FROM (SELECT cust_id,rank()
OVER (ORDER BY PREDICTION_COST(DT_SH_Clas_sample, 1 COST MODEL USING *)
ASC, cust_id) rnk
FROM mining_data_apply_v
WHERE country_name = 'Italy')
WHERE rnk <= 10
ORDER BY rnk;
CUST_ID
----------
100081
100179
100185
100324
100344
100554
100662
100733
101250
101306
SELECT PREDICTION_DETAILS(svmr_sh_regr_sample, null, 3 USING *) prediction_details
FROM mining_data_apply_v
WHERE cust_id = 100001;
PREDICTION_DETAILS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="Widowed" weight=".361" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_GENDER" actualValue="F" weight=".14" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".135" rank="3"/>
</Details>
SELECT cust_id, age, pred_age, age-pred_age age_diff, pred_det
FROM (SELECT cust_id, age, pred_age, pred_det,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY ABS(age-pred_age) DESC) rnk
FROM (SELECT cust_id, age,
PREDICTION(FOR age USING *) OVER () pred_age,
PREDICTION_DETAILS(FOR age ABS USING *) OVER () pred_det
FROM mining_data_apply_v))
WHERE rnk <= 5;
CUST_ID AGE PRED_AGE AGE_DIFF PRED_DET
------- --- -------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
100910 80 40.67 39.33 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="AFFINITY_CARD" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="4" weight=".059"
rank="5"/>
</Details>
101285 79 42.18 36.82 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_MARITAL_STATUS" actualValue="Mabsent"
weight=".059" rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="OCCUPATION" actualValue="Prof." weight=".059"
rank="5"/>
</Details>
100694 77 41.04 35.96 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1"
weight=".059" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="< Bach." weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_ID" actualValue="100694" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="COUNTRY_NAME" actualValue="United States of
America" weight=".059" rank="5"/>
</Details>
100308 81 45.33 35.67 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="2" weight=".059"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="FLAT_PANEL_MONITOR" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_GENDER" actualValue="F" weight=".059"
rank="5"/>
</Details>
101256 90 54.39 35.61 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines">
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="9" weight=".059"
rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="HOME_THEATER_PACKAGE" actualValue="1" weight=".059"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="< Bach." weight=".059"
rank="3"/>
<Attribute name="Y_BOX_GAMES" actualValue="0" weight=".059"
rank="4"/>
<Attribute name="COUNTRY_NAME" actualValue="United States of
America" weight=".059" rank="5"/>
</Details>
SELECT cust_id FROM (
SELECT cust_id
FROM mining_data_apply_v
WHERE country_name = 'Italy'
ORDER BY PREDICTION_PROBABILITY(DT_SH_Clas_sample, 1 USING *)
DESC, cust_id)
WHERE rownum < 11;
CUST_ID
----------
100081
100179
100185
100324
100344
100554
100662
100733
101250
101306
SELECT cust_id, cust_marital_status, rank_anom, anom_det FROM
(SELECT cust_id, cust_marital_status, anom_det,
rank() OVER (PARTITION BY CUST_MARITAL_STATUS
ORDER BY ANOM_PROB DESC,cust_id) rank_anom FROM
(SELECT cust_id, cust_marital_status,
PREDICTION_PROBABILITY(OF ANOMALY, 0 USING *)
OVER (PARTITION BY CUST_MARITAL_STATUS) anom_prob,
PREDICTION_DETAILS(OF ANOMALY, 0, 3 USING *)
OVER (PARTITION BY CUST_MARITAL_STATUS) anom_det
FROM mining_data_one_class_v
))
WHERE rank_anom < 3 order by 2, 3;
CUST_ID CUST_MARITAL_STATUS RANK_ANOM ANOM_DET
------- ------------------- ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------
102366 Divorc. 1 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines" class="0">
<Attribute name="COUNTRY_NAME" actualValue="United Kingdom"
weight=".069" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="AGE" actualValue="28" weight=".013"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="4"
weight=".006" rank="3"/>
</Details>
101817 Divorc. 2 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines" class="0">
<Attribute name="YRS_RESIDENCE" actualValue="8"
weight=".018" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="PhD" weight=".007"
rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="CUST_INCOME_LEVEL" actualValue="K:
250\,000 - 299\,999" weight=".006" rank="3"/>
</Details>
101713 Mabsent 1
101790 Married 1 <Details algorithm="Support Vector Machines" class="0">
<Attribute name="COUNTRY_NAME" actualValue="Canada"
weight=".063" rank="1"/>
<Attribute name="EDUCATION" actualValue="7th-8th"
weight=".011" rank="2"/>
<Attribute name="HOUSEHOLD_SIZE" actualValue="4-5"
weight=".011" rank="3"/>
</Details>
. . .
XML函数
SELECT PATH(1), DEPTH(2)
FROM RESOURCE_VIEW
WHERE UNDER_PATH(res, '/sys/schemas/OE', 1)=1
AND UNDER_PATH(res, '/sys/schemas/OE', 2)=1;
PATH(1) DEPTH(2)
-------------------------------- --------
. . .
www.example.com 1
www.example.com/xwarehouses.xsd 2
. . .
SELECT warehouse_id, warehouse_name
FROM warehouses
WHERE EXISTSNODE(warehouse_spec, '/Warehouse/Docks') = 1
ORDER BY warehouse_id;
WAREHOUSE_ID WAREHOUSE_NAME
------------ -----------------------------------
1 Southlake, Texas
2 San Francisco
4 Seattle, Washington
SELECT warehouse_name,
EXTRACT(warehouse_spec, '/Warehouse/Docks') "Number of Docks"
FROM warehouses
WHERE warehouse_spec IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY warehouse_name;
WAREHOUSE_NAME Number of Docks
------------------------- -------------------------
New Jersey
San Francisco <Docks>1</Docks>
Seattle, Washington <Docks>3</Docks>
Southlake, Texas <Docks>2</Docks>
SELECT warehouse_name, EXTRACTVALUE(e.warehouse_spec, '/Warehouse/Docks') "Docks"
FROM warehouses e
WHERE warehouse_spec IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY warehouse_name;
WAREHOUSE_NAME Docks
-------------------- ------------
New Jersey
San Francisco 1
Seattle, Washington 3
Southlake, Texas 2
SELECT SYS_DBURIGEN(employee_id, email)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 206;
SYS_DBURIGEN(EMPLOYEE_ID,EMAIL)(URL, SPARE)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
DBURITYPE('/PUBLIC/EMPLOYEES/ROW[EMPLOYEE_ID=''206'']/EMAIL', NULL)
SELECT SYS_XMLAGG(SYS_XMLGEN(last_name)) XMLAGG
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE 'R%'
ORDER BY xmlagg;
XMLAGG
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ROWSET>
<LAST_NAME>Rajs</LAST_NAME>
<LAST_NAME>Raphaely</LAST_NAME>
<LAST_NAME>Rogers</LAST_NAME>
<LAST_NAME>Russell</LAST_NAME>
</ROWSET>
SELECT SYS_XMLGEN(email)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 205;
SYS_XMLGEN(EMAIL)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<EMAIL>SHIGGINS</EMAIL>
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Department",
XMLAGG(XMLELEMENT("Employee",
e.job_id||' '||e.last_name)
ORDER BY last_name))
as "Dept_list"
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id = 30;
Dept_list
-------------------------------------------------------------
<Department>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Baida</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Colmenares</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Himuro</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Khoo</Employee>
<Employee>PU_MAN Raphaely</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Tobias</Employee>
</Department>
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Department",
XMLAGG(XMLELEMENT("Employee", e.job_id||' '||e.last_name)))
AS "Dept_list"
FROM employees e
GROUP BY e.department_id;
Dept_list
---------------------------------------------------------
<Department>
<Employee>AD_ASST Whalen</Employee>
</Department>
<Department>
<Employee>MK_MAN Hartstein</Employee>
<Employee>MK_REP Fay</Employee>
</Department>
<Department>
<Employee>PU_MAN Raphaely</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Khoo</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Tobias</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Baida</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Colmenares</Employee>
<Employee>PU_CLERK Himuro</Employee>
</Department>
. . .
SELECT SYS_XMLGEN(email)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 205;
SYS_XMLGEN(EMAIL)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<EMAIL>SHIGGINS</EMAIL>
SELECT XMLELEMENT("PurchaseOrder",
XMLAttributes(dummy as "pono"),
XMLCdata('<!DOCTYPE po_dom_group [
<!ELEMENT po_dom_group(student_name)*>
<!ELEMENT po_purch_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST po_name po_no ID #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST po_name trust_1 IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST po_name trust_2 IDREF #IMPLIED>
]>')) "XMLCData" FROM DUAL;
XMLCData
----------------------------------------------------------
<PurchaseOrder pono="X"><![CDATA[
<!DOCTYPE po_dom_group [
<!ELEMENT po_dom_group(student_name)*>
<!ELEMENT po_purch_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST po_name po_no ID #REQUIRED>
<!ATTLIST po_name trust_1 IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST po_name trust_2 IDREF #IMPLIED>
]>
]]>
</PurchaseOrder>
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Emp",
XMLCOLATTVAL(e.employee_id, e.last_name, e.salary)) "Emp Element"
FROM employees e
WHERE employee_id = 204;
Emp Element
--------------------------------------------------------------------
<Emp>
<column name="EMPLOYEE_ID">204</column>
<column name="LAST_NAME">Baer</column>
<column name="SALARY">10000</column>
</Emp>
SELECT XMLCOMMENT('OrderAnalysisComp imported, reconfigured, disassembled')
AS "XMLCOMMENT" FROM DUAL;
XMLCOMMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<!--OrderAnalysisComp imported, reconfigured, disassembled-->
SELECT XMLCONCAT(XMLELEMENT("First", e.first_name),
XMLELEMENT("Last", e.last_name)) AS "Result"
FROM employees e
WHERE e.employee_id > 202;
Result
----------------------------------------------------------------
<First>Susan</First>
<Last>Mavris</Last>
<First>Hermann</First>
<Last>Baer</Last>
<First>Shelley</First>
<Last>Higgins</Last>
<First>William</First>
<Last>Gietz</Last>
4 rows selected.
SELECT XMLDIFF(
XMLTYPE('<?xml version="1.0"?>
<bk:book xmlns:bk="http://example.com">
<bk:tr>
<bk:td>
<bk:chapter>
Chapter 1.
</bk:chapter>
</bk:td>
<bk:td>
<bk:chapter>
Chapter 2.
</bk:chapter>
</bk:td>
</bk:tr>
</bk:book>'),
XMLTYPE('<?xml version="1.0"?>
<bk:book xmlns:bk="http://example.com">
<bk:tr>
<bk:td>
<bk:chapter>
Chapter 1.
</bk:chapter>
</bk:td>
<bk:td/>
</bk:tr>
</bk:book>')
)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Emp", XMLELEMENT("Name",
e.job_id||' '||e.last_name),
XMLELEMENT("Hiredate", e.hire_date)) as "Result"
FROM employees e WHERE employee_id > 200;
Result
-------------------------------------------------------------------
<Emp>
<Name>MK_MAN Hartstein</Name>
<Hiredate>2004-02-17</Hiredate>
</Emp>
<Emp>
<Name>MK_REP Fay</Name>
<Hiredate>2005-08-17</Hiredate>
</Emp>
<Emp>
<Name>HR_REP Mavris</Name>
<Hiredate>2002-06-07</Hiredate>
</Emp>
<Emp>
<Name>PR_REP Baer</Name>
<Hiredate>2002-06-07</Hiredate>
</Emp>
<Emp>
<Name>AC_MGR Higgins</Name>
<Hiredate>2002-06-07</Hiredate>
</Emp>
<Emp>
<Name>AC_ACCOUNT Gietz</Name>
<Hiredate>2002-06-07</Hiredate>
</Emp>
6 rows selected.
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Emp",
XMLATTRIBUTES(e.employee_id AS "ID", e.last_name),
XMLELEMENT("Dept", e.department_id),
XMLELEMENT("Salary", e.salary)) AS "Emp Element"
FROM employees e
WHERE e.employee_id = 206;
Emp Element
---------------------------------------------------------------
<Emp ID="206" LAST_NAME="Gietz">
<Dept>110</Dept>
<Salary>8300</Salary>
</Emp>
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Emp", XMLATTRIBUTES(e.employee_id, e.last_name),
XMLELEMENT("Dept", XMLATTRIBUTES(e.department_id,
(SELECT d.department_name FROM departments d
WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id) as "Dept_name")),
XMLELEMENT("salary", e.salary),
XMLELEMENT("Hiredate", e.hire_date)) AS "Emp Element"
FROM employees e
WHERE employee_id = 205;
Emp Element
-------------------------------------------------------------------
<Emp EMPLOYEE_ID="205" LAST_NAME="Higgins">
<Dept DEPARTMENT_ID="110" Dept_name="Accounting"/>
<salary>12008</salary>
<Hiredate>2002-06-07</Hiredate>
</Emp>
SELECT XMLELEMENT("Emp",
XMLFOREST(e.employee_id, e.last_name, e.salary))
"Emp Element"
FROM employees e WHERE employee_id = 204;
Emp Element
----------------------------------------------------------------
<Emp>
<EMPLOYEE_ID>204</EMPLOYEE_ID>
<LAST_NAME>Baer</LAST_NAME>
<SALARY>10000</SALARY>
</Emp>
SELECT XMLPARSE(CONTENT '124 <purchaseOrder poNo="12435">
<customerName> Acme Enterprises</customerName>
<itemNo>32987457</itemNo>
</purchaseOrder>'
WELLFORMED) AS PO FROM DUAL;
PO
-----------------------------------------------------------------
124 <purchaseOrder poNo="12435">
<customerName> Acme Enterprises</customerName>
<itemNo>32987457</itemNo>
</purchaseOrder>
SELECT XMLPATCH(
XMLTYPE('<?xml version="1.0"?>
<bk:book xmlns:bk="http://example.com">
<bk:tr>
<bk:td>
<bk:chapter>
Chapter 1.
</bk:chapter>
</bk:td>
<bk:td>
<bk:chapter>
Chapter 2.
</bk:chapter>
</bk:td>
</bk:tr>
</bk:book>'),
XMLTYPE('<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xd:xdiff xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb/xdiff.xsd
http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb/xdiff.xsd"
xmlns:xd="http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb/xdiff.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:bk="http://example.com">
<?oracle-xmldiff operations-in-docorder="true" output-model="snapshot"
diff-algorithm="global"?>
<xd:delete-node xd:node-type="element"
xd:xpath="/bk:book[1]/bk:tr[1]/bk:td[2]/bk:chapter[1]"/>
</xd:xdiff>')
)
FROM DUAL;
SELECT XMLPI(NAME "Order analysisComp", 'imported, reconfigured, disassembled')
AS "XMLPI" FROM DUAL;
XMLPI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<?Order analysisComp imported, reconfigured, disassembled?>
SELECT warehouse_name,
EXTRACTVALUE(warehouse_spec, '/Warehouse/Area'),
XMLQuery(
'for $i in /Warehouse
where $i/Area > 50000
return <Details>
<Docks num="{$i/Docks}"/>
<Rail>
{
if ($i/RailAccess = "Y") then "true" else "false"
}
</Rail>
</Details>' PASSING warehouse_spec RETURNING CONTENT) "Big_warehouses"
FROM warehouses;
WAREHOUSE_ID Area Big_warehouses
------------ --------- --------------------------------------------------------
1 25000
2 50000
3 85700 <Details><Docks></Docks><Rail>false</Rail></Details>
4 103000 <Details><Docks num="3"></Docks><Rail>true</Rail></Details>
. . .
SELECT EXTRACT(warehouse_spec, '/Warehouse') as "Warehouse"
FROM warehouses WHERE warehouse_name = 'San Francisco';
Warehouse
------------------------------------------------------------
<Warehouse>
<Building>Rented</Building>
<Area>50000</Area>
<Docks>1</Docks>
<DockType>Side load</DockType>
<WaterAccess>Y</WaterAccess>
<RailAccess>N</RailAccess>
<Parking>Lot</Parking>
<VClearance>12 ft</VClearance>
</Warehouse>
1 row selected.
SELECT VALUE(p)
FROM warehouses w,
TABLE(XMLSEQUENCE(EXTRACT(warehouse_spec, '/Warehouse/*'))) p
WHERE w.warehouse_name = 'San Francisco';
VALUE(P)
----------------------------------------------------------------
<Building>Rented</Building>
<Area>50000</Area>
<Docks>1</Docks>
<DockType>Side load</DockType>
<WaterAccess>Y</WaterAccess>
<RailAccess>N</RailAccess>
<Parking>Lot</Parking>
<VClearance>12 ft</VClearance>
8 rows selected.
SELECT XMLSERIALIZE(CONTENT XMLTYPE('<Owner>Grandco</Owner>')) AS xmlserialize_doc
FROM DUAL;
XMLSERIALIZE_DOC
----------------
<Owner>Grandco</Owner>
SELECT warehouse_name warehouse,
warehouse2."Water", warehouse2."Rail"
FROM warehouses,
XMLTABLE('/Warehouse'
PASSING warehouses.warehouse_spec
COLUMNS
"Water" varchar2(6) PATH 'WaterAccess',
"Rail" varchar2(6) PATH 'RailAccess')
warehouse2;
WAREHOUSE Water Rail
----------------------------------- ------ ------
Southlake, Texas Y N
San Francisco Y N
New Jersey N N
Seattle, Washington N Y
CREATE TABLE xsl_tab (col1 XMLTYPE);
INSERT INTO xsl_tab VALUES (
XMLTYPE.createxml(
'<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" >
<xsl:output encoding="utf-8"/>
<!-- alphabetizes an xml tree -->
<xsl:template match="*">
<xsl:copy>
<xsl:apply-templates select="*|text()">
<xsl:sort select="name(.)" data-type="text" order="ascending"/>
</xsl:apply-templates>
</xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="text()">
<xsl:value-of select="normalize-space(.)"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet> '));
1 row created.
SELECT XMLTRANSFORM(w.warehouse_spec, x.col1).GetClobVal()
FROM warehouses w, xsl_tab x
WHERE w.warehouse_name = 'San Francisco';
XMLTRANSFORM(W.WAREHOUSE_SPEC,X.COL1).GETCLOBVAL()
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Warehouse>
<Area>50000</Area>
<Building>Rented</Building>
<DockType>Side load</DockType>
<Docks>1</Docks>
<Parking>Lot</Parking>
<RailAccess>N</RailAccess>
<VClearance>12 ft</VClearance>
<WaterAccess>Y</WaterAccess>
</Warehouse>
JSON函数
SELECT JSON_QUERY('{a:100, b:200, c:300}', '$') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"a":100,"b":200,"c":300}
SELECT JSON_QUERY('{a:100, b:200, c:300}', '$.a' WITH WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[100]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('{a:100, b:200, c:300}', '$.*' WITH WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[100,200,300]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[0,1,2,3,4]', '$') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[0,1,2,3,4]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[0,1,2,3,4]', '$' WITH WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[0,1,2,3,4]]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[0,1,2,3,4]', '$[*]' WITH WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[0,1,2,3,4]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]', '$[0, 3 to 5, 7]' WITH WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[0,3,4,5,7]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[0,1,2,3,4]', '$[3]' WITH WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[3]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[{a:100},{b:200},{c:300}]', '$[0]'
WITH CONDITIONAL WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"a":100}
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[{"a":100},{"b":200},{"c":300}]', '$[*]'
WITH CONDITIONAL WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"a":100},{"b":200},{"c":300}]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[{"a":100},{"b":200},{"c":300}]', '$[*]'
RETURNING VARCHAR2(100) WITH CONDITIONAL WRAPPER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"a":100},{"b":200},{"c":300}]
SELECT JSON_QUERY('[{"a":100},{"b":200},{"c":300}]', '$[3]'
EMPTY ON ERROR) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[]
SELECT t.*
FROM j_purchaseOrder
NESTED po_document COLUMNS(PONumber, Reference, Requestor) t;
PONUMBER REFERENCE REQUESTOR
--------------- ------------------------------ -----------------------------
1600 ABULL-20140421 Alexis Bull
SELECT t.*
FROM j_purchaseOrder LEFT OUTER JOIN
JSON_TABLE(po_document COLUMNS(PONumber, Reference, Requestor)) t ON 1=1;
SELECT *
FROM j_purchaseOrder
NESTED po_document.LineItems[*]
COLUMNS(ItemNumber, Quantity NUMBER);
ID DATE_LOADED ITEMN QUANTITY
------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------- -----------
6C5589E9A9156… 16-MAY-18 08.40.30.397688 AM -07:00 1 9
6C5589E9A9156… 16-MAY-18 08.40.30.397688 AM -07:00 2 5
SELECT t.*
FROM j_purchaseorder
NESTED po_document COLUMNS(PONumber, Reference,
NESTED LineItems[*] COLUMNS(ItemNumber, Quantity)
) t
PONUMBER REFERENCE ITEMN QUANTITY
--------------- ------------------------------ ----- ------------
1600 ABULL-20140421 1 9
1600 ABULL-20140421 2 5
CREATE TABLE j_purchaseorder
(id RAW (16) NOT NULL,
date_loaded TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE,
po_document CLOB CONSTRAINT ensure_json CHECK (po_document IS JSON));
INSERT INTO j_purchaseorder
VALUES (
SYS_GUID(),
SYSTIMESTAMP,
'{"PONumber" : 1600,
"Reference" : "ABULL-20140421",
"Requestor" : "Alexis Bull",
"User" : "ABULL",
"CostCenter" : "A50",
"ShippingInstructions" : {"name" : "Alexis Bull",
"Address": {"street" : "200 Sporting Green",
"city" : "South San Francisco",
"state" : "CA",
"zipCode" : 99236,
"country" : "United States of America"},
"Phone" : [{"type" : "Office", "number" : "909-555-7307"},
{"type" : "Mobile", "number" : "415-555-1234"}]},
"Special Instructions" : null,
"AllowPartialShipment" : true,
"LineItems" : [{"ItemNumber" : 1,
"Part" : {"Description" : "One Magic Christmas",
"UnitPrice" : 19.95,
"UPCCode" : 13131092899},
"Quantity" : 9.0},
{"ItemNumber" : 2,
"Part" : {"Description" : "Lethal Weapon",
"UnitPrice" : 19.95,
"UPCCode" : 85391628927},
"Quantity" : 5.0}]}');
SELECT jt.phones
FROM j_purchaseorder,
JSON_TABLE(po_document, '$.ShippingInstructions'
COLUMNS
(phones VARCHAR2(100) FORMAT JSON PATH '$.Phone')) AS jt;
PHONES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"type":"Office","number":"909-555-7307"},{"type":"Mobile","number":"415-555-1234"}]
SELECT jt.*
FROM j_purchaseorder,
JSON_TABLE(po_document, '$.ShippingInstructions.Phone[*]'
COLUMNS (row_number FOR ORDINALITY,
phone_type VARCHAR2(10) PATH '$.type',
phone_num VARCHAR2(20) PATH '$.number'))
AS jt;
ROW_NUMBER PHONE_TYPE PHONE_NUM
---------- ---------- --------------------
1 Office 909-555-7307
2 Mobile 415-555-1234
SELECT requestor, has_zip
FROM j_purchaseorder,
JSON_TABLE(po_document, '$'
COLUMNS
(requestor VARCHAR2(32) PATH '$.Requestor',
has_zip VARCHAR2(5) EXISTS PATH '$.ShippingInstructions.Address.zipCode'));
REQUESTOR HAS_ZIP
-------------------------------- -------
Alexis Bull true
SELECT requestor
FROM j_purchaseorder,
JSON_TABLE(po_document, '$'
COLUMNS
(requestor VARCHAR2(32) PATH '$.Requestor',
has_zip VARCHAR2(5) EXISTS PATH '$.ShippingInstructions.Address.zipCode'))
WHERE (has_zip = 'true');
REQUESTOR
--------------------------------
Alexis Bull
SELECT *
FROM JSON_TABLE('[1,2,["a","b"]]', '$'
COLUMNS (outer_value_0 NUMBER PATH '$[0]',
outer_value_1 NUMBER PATH '$[1]',
outer_value_2 VARCHAR2(20) FORMAT JSON PATH '$[2]'));
OUTER_VALUE_0 OUTER_VALUE_1 OUTER_VALUE_2
------------- ------------- --------------------
1 2 ["a","b"]
SELECT *
FROM JSON_TABLE('[1,2,["a","b"]]', '$'
COLUMNS (outer_value_0 NUMBER PATH '$[0]',
outer_value_1 NUMBER PATH '$[1]',
NESTED PATH '$[2]'
COLUMNS (nested_value_0 VARCHAR2(1) PATH '$[0]',
nested_value_1 VARCHAR2(1) PATH '$[1]')));
OUTER_VALUE_0 OUTER_VALUE_1 NESTED_VALUE_0 NESTED_VALUE_1
------------- ------------- -------------- --------------
1 2 a b
SELECT *
FROM JSON_TABLE('{a:100, b:200, c:{d:300, e:400}}', '$'
COLUMNS (outer_value_0 NUMBER PATH '$.a',
outer_value_1 NUMBER PATH '$.b',
NESTED PATH '$.c'
COLUMNS (nested_value_0 NUMBER PATH '$.d',
nested_value_1 NUMBER PATH '$.e')));
OUTER_VALUE_0 OUTER_VALUE_1 NESTED_VALUE_0 NESTED_VALUE_1
------------- ------------- -------------- --------------
100 200 300 400
SELECT jt.*
FROM j_purchaseorder,
JSON_TABLE(po_document, '$'
COLUMNS
(requestor VARCHAR2(32) PATH '$.Requestor',
NESTED PATH '$.ShippingInstructions.Phone[*]'
COLUMNS (phone_type VARCHAR2(32) PATH '$.type',
phone_num VARCHAR2(20) PATH '$.number')))
AS jt;
REQUESTOR PHONE_TYPE PHONE_NUM
-------------------- -------------------- ---------------
Alexis Bull Office 909-555-7307
Alexis Bull Mobile 415-555-1234
SELECT c.*
FROM customer t,
JSON_TABLE(t.json COLUMNS(
id, name, phone, address,
NESTED orders[*] COLUMNS(
updated, status,
NESTED lineitems[*] COLUMNS(
description, quantity NUMBER, price NUMBER
)
)
)) c;
SELECT c.*
FROM customer t,
JSON_TABLE(t.json, '$' COLUMNS(
id PATH '$.id',
name PATH '$.name',
phone PATH '$.phone',
address PATH '$.address',
NESTED PATH '$.orders[*]' COLUMNS(
updated PATH '$.updated',
status PATH '$.status',
NESTED PATH '$.lineitems[*]' COLUMNS(
description PATH '$.description',
quantity NUMBER PATH '$.quantity',
price NUMBER PATH '$.price'
)
)
)) c;
select json_value( '{a:"cat"}','$.a.number()' NULL ON EMPTY
ERROR ON MISMATCH DEFAULT -1 ON ERROR ) from dual;
ORA-01722: invalid number
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{a:100}', '$.a') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
-----
100
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{a:100}', '$.a' RETURNING NUMBER) AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
----------
100
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{a:{b:100}, c:{d:200}, e:{f:300}}', '$.*.d') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
-----
200
SELECT JSON_VALUE('[0, 1, 2, 3]', '$[0]') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
-----
0
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{a:[5, 10, 15, 20]}', '$.a[2]') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
-----
15
SELECT JSON_VALUE('[{a:100}, {a:200}, {a:300}]', '$[1].a') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
-----
200
SELECT JSON_VALUE('[{a:100}, {b:200}, {c:300}]', '$[*].c') AS value
FROM DUAL;
VALUE
-----
300
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{firstname:"John"}', '$.lastname') AS "Last Name"
FROM DUAL;
Last Name
---------
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{firstname:"John"}', '$.lastname'
DEFAULT 'No last name found' ON ERROR) AS "Last Name"
FROM DUAL;
Last Name
---------
No last name found
SELECT JSON_ARRAY (
JSON_OBJECT('percentage' VALUE .50),
JSON_ARRAY(1,2,3),
100,
'California',
null
NULL ON NULL
) "JSON Array Example"
FROM DUAL;
JSON Array Example
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"percentage":0.5},[1,2,3],100,"California",null]
CREATE TABLE id_table (id NUMBER);
INSERT INTO id_table VALUES(624);
INSERT INTO id_table VALUES(null);
INSERT INTO id_table VALUES(925);
INSERT INTO id_table VALUES(585);
SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(id ORDER BY id RETURNING VARCHAR2(100)) ID_NUMBERS
FROM id_table;
ID_NUMBERS
-------------
[585,624,925]
SELECT JSON_OBJECT(
'name' : first_name || ' ' || last_name,
'email' : email,
'phone' : phone_number,
'hire_date' : hire_date
)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 140;
SELECT JSON_OBJECT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 140;
{"EMPLOYEE_ID":140,"FIRST_NAME":"Joshua","LAST_NAME":"Patel","EMAIL":"JPAT
EL","PHONE_NUMBER":"650.121.1834","HIRE_DATE":"2006-04-
06T00:00:00","JOB_ID":"ST_CLERK","SALARY":2500,"COMMISSION_PCT":null,"MAN
AGER_ID":123,"DEPARTMENT_ID":50}
SELECT JSON_OBJECT('NAME' VALUE first_name, d.*)
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id
AND e.employee_id =140
SELECT JSON_ARRAYAGG(JSON_OBJECT(*))
FROM departments
SELECT JSON_OBJECT ('name' value 'Foo') FROM DUAL
Output:
JSON_OBJECT('NAME'VALUE'FOO'FORMATJSON)
-------------------------------------------------
{"name":"Foo"}
SELECT JSON_OBJECT ('name' value 'Foo' FORMAT JSON ) FROM DUAL
Output:
JSON_OBJECT('NAME'VALUE'FOO'FORMATJSON)
-------------------------------------------------
{"name":Foo}
SELECT JSON_OBJECT ('name' value 'Foo' FORMAT JSON STRICT ) FROM DUAL
Output:
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
SELECT JSON_OBJECT (
KEY 'deptno' VALUE d.department_id,
KEY 'deptname' VALUE d.department_name
) "Department Objects"
FROM departments d
ORDER BY d.department_id;
Department Objects
----------------------------------------
{"deptno":10,"deptname":"Administration"}
{"deptno":20,"deptname":"Marketing"}
{"deptno":30,"deptname":"Purchasing"}
{"deptno":40,"deptname":"Human Resources"}
{"deptno":50,"deptname":"Shipping"}
. . .
SELECT JSON_OBJECT(
'first_name' VALUE first_name,
'last_name' VALUE last_name,
'email' VALUE email,
'hire_date' VALUE hire_date
)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 140;
{"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Patel","email":"JPATEL","hire_date":"2006-04-
06T00:00:00"}
SELECT JSON_OBJECT(first_name, last_name, email, hire_date)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 140;
{"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Patel","email":"JPATEL","hire_date":"2006-04-
06T00:00:00"}
SELECT JSON_OBJECT(eMail)
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 140
{"eMail":"JPATEL"}
SELECT JSON_OBJECTAGG(KEY department_name VALUE department_id) "Department Numbers"
FROM departments
WHERE department_id <= 30;
Department Numbers
----------------------------------------------------
{"Administration":10,"Marketing":20,"Purchasing":30}
SELECT JSON_SERIALIZE ('{a:[1,2,3,4]}' RETURNING VARCHAR2(3) TRUNCATE ERROR ON ERROR) from dual
–-------
{"a
UPDATE t SET jcol = JSON_TRANSFORM(jcol, SET '$.lastUpdated' = SYSTIMESTAMP)
SELECT JSON_TRANSFORM (jcol, REMOVE '$.ssn') FROM t WHERE …
SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM date_loaded) YEAR,
JSON_DATAGUIDE(po_document) "DATA GUIDE"
FROM j_purchaseorder
GROUP BY extract(YEAR FROM date_loaded)
ORDER BY extract(YEAR FROM date_loaded) DESC;
YEAR DATA GUIDE
---- ------------------------------------------
2016 [
{
"o:path" : "$.PO_ID",
"type" : "number",
"o:length" : 4
},
{
"o:path" : "$.PO_Ref",
"type" : "string",
"o:length" : 16
},
{
"o:path" : "$.PO_Items",
"type" : "array",
"o:length" : 64
},
{
"o:path" : "$.PO_Items.Part_No",
"type" : "number",
"o:length" : 16
},
{
"o:path" : "$.PO_Items.Item_Quantity",
"type" : "number",
"o:length" : 2
}
]
. . .
编码和解码函数
SELECT product_id,
DECODE (warehouse_id, 1, 'Southlake',
2, 'San Francisco',
3, 'New Jersey',
4, 'Seattle',
'Non domestic') "Location"
FROM inventories
WHERE product_id < 1775
ORDER BY product_id, "Location";
SELECT DUMP('abc', 1016)
FROM DUAL;
DUMP('ABC',1016)
------------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=3 CharacterSet=WE8DEC: 61,62,63
SELECT DUMP(last_name, 8, 3, 2) "OCTAL"
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Hunold'
ORDER BY employee_id;
OCTAL
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=1 Len=6: 156,157
SELECT DUMP(last_name, 10, 3, 2) "ASCII"
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Hunold'
ORDER BY employee_id;
ASCII
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Typ=1 Len=6: 110,111
SELECT SUM(amount_sold)
FROM sales
WHERE ORA_HASH(CONCAT(cust_id, prod_id), 99, 5) = 0;
SUM(AMOUNT_SOLD)
----------------
989431.14
SELECT last_name, VSIZE (last_name) "BYTES"
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10
ORDER BY employee_id;
LAST_NAME BYTES
--------------- ----------
Whalen 6
NULL相关函数
SELECT product_id, list_price, min_price,
COALESCE(0.9*list_price, min_price, 5) "Sale"
FROM product_information
WHERE supplier_id = 102050
ORDER BY product_id;
PRODUCT_ID LIST_PRICE MIN_PRICE Sale
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1769 48 43.2
1770 73 73
2378 305 247 274.5
2382 850 731 765
3355 5
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct < .2;
COUNT(*)
----------
11
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE LNNVL(commission_pct >= .2);
COUNT(*)
----------
83
INSERT INTO float_point_demo
VALUES (0,'NaN','NaN');
SELECT *
FROM float_point_demo;
DEC_NUM BIN_DOUBLE BIN_FLOAT
---------- ---------- ----------
1234.56 1.235E+003 1.235E+003
0 Nan Nan
SELECT bin_float, NANVL(bin_float,0)
FROM float_point_demo;
BIN_FLOAT NANVL(BIN_FLOAT,0)
---------- ------------------
1.235E+003 1.235E+003
Nan 0
SELECT e.last_name, NULLIF(j.job_id, e.job_id) "Old Job ID"
FROM employees e, job_history j
WHERE e.employee_id = j.employee_id
ORDER BY last_name, "Old Job ID";
LAST_NAME Old Job ID
------------------------- ----------
De Haan IT_PROG
Hartstein MK_REP
Kaufling ST_CLERK
Kochhar AC_ACCOUNT
Kochhar AC_MGR
Raphaely ST_CLERK
Taylor SA_MAN
Taylor
Whalen AC_ACCOUNT
Whalen
SELECT last_name, NVL(TO_CHAR(commission_pct), 'Not Applicable') commission
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE 'B%'
ORDER BY last_name;
LAST_NAME COMMISSION
------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Baer Not Applicable
Baida Not Applicable
Banda .1
Bates .15
Bell Not Applicable
Bernstein .25
Bissot Not Applicable
Bloom .2
Bull Not Applicable
SELECT last_name, salary,
NVL2(commission_pct, salary + (salary * commission_pct), salary) income
FROM employees
WHERE last_name like 'B%'
ORDER BY last_name;
LAST_NAME SALARY INCOME
------------------------- ---------- ----------
Baer 10000 10000
Baida 2900 2900
Banda 6200 6820
Bates 7300 8395
Bell 4000 4000
Bernstein 9500 11875
Bissot 3300 3300
Bloom 10000 12000
Bull 4100 4100
环境和标识符函数
SELECT CON_ID, DBID
FROM V$CONTAINERS;
CON_ID DBID
---------- ----------
1 1930093401
2 4054529501
4 2256797992
SELECT CON_DBID_TO_ID(2256797992) "Container ID"
FROM DUAL;
Container ID
------------
4
SELECT CON_ID, GUID
FROM V$CONTAINERS;
CON_ID GUID
---------- --------------------------------
1 DB0A9F33DF99567FE04305B4F00A667D
2 D990C280C309591EE04305B4F00A593E
4 D990F4BD938865C1E04305B4F00ACA18
SELECT CON_GUID_TO_ID(HEXTORAW('D990F4BD938865C1E04305B4F00ACA18')) "Container ID"
FROM DUAL;
Container ID
------------
4
SELECT CON_ID, NAME
FROM V$CONTAINERS;
CON_ID NAME
---------- ----------
1 CDB$ROOT
2 PDB$SEED
4 SALESPDB
SELECT CON_NAME_TO_ID('SALESPDB') "Container ID"
FROM DUAL;
Container ID
------------
4
SELECT CON_ID, CON_UID
FROM V$CONTAINERS;
CON_ID CON_UID
---------- ----------
1 1
2 4054529501
4 2256797992
SELECT CON_UID_TO_ID(2256797992) "Container ID"
FROM DUAL;
Container ID
------------
4
SELECT ORA_INVOKING_USER FROM DUAL;
SELECT ORA_INVOKING_USERID FROM DUAL;
CONNECT OE
Enter password: password
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSION_USER')
FROM DUAL;
SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'SESSION_USER')
---------------------------------------
OE
CONNECT OE
Enter password: password
SELECT role FROM session_roles;
ROLE
--------
RESOURCE
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_SESSION_ROLES', 'RESOURCE')
FROM DUAL
SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_SESSION_ROLES','RESOURCE')
--------------------------------------
TRUE
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_SESSION_ROLES', 'DBA')
FROM DUAL;
SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_SESSION_ROLES','DBA')
--------------------------------------
FALSE
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT ('hr_apps', 'group_no') "User Group"
FROM DUAL;
ALTER TABLE locations ADD (uid_col RAW(16));
UPDATE locations SET uid_col = SYS_GUID();
SELECT location_id, uid_col FROM locations
ORDER BY location_id, uid_col;
LOCATION_ID UID_COL
----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
1000 09F686761827CF8AE040578CB20B7491
1100 09F686761828CF8AE040578CB20B7491
1200 09F686761829CF8AE040578CB20B7491
1300 09F68676182ACF8AE040578CB20B7491
1400 09F68676182BCF8AE040578CB20B7491
1500 09F68676182CCF8AE040578CB20B7491
. . .
SELECT name, SYS_TYPEID(VALUE(p)) "Type_id" FROM persons p;
NAME Type_id
------------------------- --------------------------------
Bob 01
Joe 02
Tim 03
SELECT b.title, b.author.name, SYS_TYPEID(author)
"Type_ID" FROM books b;
TITLE AUTHOR.NAME Type_ID
------------------------- -------------------- -------------------
An Autobiography Bob 01
Business Rules Joe 02
Mixing School and Work Tim 03
SELECT UID FROM DUAL;
SELECT USER, UID FROM DUAL;
SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') "Language" FROM DUAL;
Language
-----------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1
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