Oracle Net Service配置学习

 

在ORACLE Listener的动态和静态注册的时候有一点迷惑,查阅了一些资料后实验如下：

 

 

什么是动态注册？

用动态注册的时候，service 不需要列举在在listener.ora配置文件之中（在listner.ora的配置文件中这个listener不需要指明SID_LIST，-》这个是用来列举oracle service的）

动态注册是PMON进程来完成的，他将DB的信息提供给listener;

 

静态注册的话，则需要在SID_LIST模块中指明所需要注册的instance; 

 

 

默认的动态注册；

 

1： 清空了Listener.ora配置文件 

 

2： ./lsnrctl status

 

Listener Parameter File   /app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "TEST2XDB.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "gppmcm04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "gppmcm04_XPT.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

从listener的status以及 service命令可以看到 ，默认的listener（TCP/IP with Local Home ,port 1521) 被PMON process自动的注册, 同时临听器的服务名和实例名是inti.ora文件中的参数service_names和instance_name，如果service_name没在init.ora文件中显示设置的话，service_name的默认值Global_DBName (db_name+'."+db_domain)

show parameters service_names;

show parameters instance_name;

 

这些自动注册的临听器状态是ready ， 数据库实例是通过Local_Listener的参数去联系注册listenener的；Local_Listener的默认值 是 ：

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hostname)(PORT=1521)) where hostname is the network name of the local host.

所以在上述的例子中我们看到的是自动注册的service在默认的listener （TCP, LocalHost 1521端口）；

在客户端用localnaming的方式配置tnsnames.ora文件，测试成功；

 

 

TEST =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = gppmcm04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = gppmcm04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)
    )
  )

通过以上的实例表明，Listener可以在没有使用listener.ora的配置信息情况下启动并且处理客户端的请求；

 

 

 

如果要自动注册的临听器不是默认临听器，则需要在intia.ora的文件中改变LOCAL_LISTENER 的参数  ;

LOCAL_LISTENER specifies a network name that resolves to an address or address list of Oracle Net local listeners

 

Listener.ora 文件如下 （注意没有加SID_List_listener)

 

Note: 以前不太理解为什么动态注册非默认listener的时候，还是要在这定义listener，应为静态注册只是不需要加SID_LIST_LIStenername ,listener默认的是LISTENER,用LSNRCTL START命令启动的就是这个默认的LISTENER；

 

如果在listener.ora中配置了多个listener，如LISTENER1,要启动LISTENER1的话，就是明确的start listener1; 

 

 

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GPPMCM04)(PORT = 1522))
  )

 

Listener启动后发现service没有注册，因为在这个时刻数据库仍然在联系1521端口上的listener; 

Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
要使instance注册到这个1522的listener上，我们要改变LOCAL_LISTENER的参数；

 

有两种方式：

 

1：直接改变LOCAL_LISTENER 指向非默认listener的location; 

 

alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT=1522)))' scope=BOTH;

 

然后让PMON注册service

 

alter system register;

 

再检查一次listner，就可以看到注册成功！！

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "TEST2XDB.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready
         DISPATCHER
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT=49400))
Service "gppmcm04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
Service "gppmcm04_XPT.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully

  

2: 使用服务器的tnsnames文件，在tnsnames里面创建标识，然后local_listener指向此标识 ,在这种情况下实例就像一个客户端一样

 

TNSNAMES.ORA--和客户端的localnaming方式下的tnsnames不同，此处是不需要connect_data的， 因为这儿的只是locate listener; 

 

TOTO =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT = 1522))
    )

 

  )

将Local_listener指向TOTO

 

alter system set local_listener='TOTO';

 

注册

 

alter system register;

 

 

再次检查

 

Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=GPPMCM04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "TEST2XDB.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "gppmcm04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "gppmcm04_XPT.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "TEST2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

 

 

  附：

 

Service_names

 

service_name 是连接数据库里用的别名，在静态注册时

 

在使用动态注册时，sevice_name来源于init.ora参数文件，如:

 

设置service_names如下：

 

service_names                        string      Daisy

Note: 如果DB_Domain里设置了值 的话，service_names会被ORACLE自动的加上Db_domain的值 ， 如果DB_DOMAIN没有设置的话，service_names不会变

 

service_name默认值是global database name（db_name+db_domain), 

 

检查listener可以看到：

service "Daisy.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s).

 

Service "gppmcm04.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net" has 1 instance(s). (gppmcm01这一个service name不清楚 是不是因为这是一个默认的service name ?)

在此处，虽然我设置的SERVICE_names是Daisy,但是因为Db_domain的值是：

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_domain                            string      asiapacific.hpqcorp.net

所以ORACLE自动的将些DOMAIN加到了“Daisy"后成为 Daisy.asiapacific.hpqcorp.net

 

 

使用静态注册的时候；

 

SID_LIST 描述里有一个Global_DBNAME的选项(注意此处的不是我们上述提到的global database name , global database name是固定)：

 

如配置以下的listener1:

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = GPPMCM04)(PORT = 1521))
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = Daisy2)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_2)
      (SID_NAME = TEST2)
    )
  )

service name就是来源自此静态注册中的Global_DBNAME;

 

 

 

Reference Link:

 

http://edstevensdba.wordpress.com/2011/07/30/exploring-the-local_listener-parameter/ 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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