OCM实验-外部表

最新推荐文章于 2019-05-28 23:11:53 发布

cuandan3585

最新推荐文章于 2019-05-28 23:11:53 发布

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要求从PROD数据库卸载数据，然后再OCM2库加载该数据，使用数据泵的方式。

外部表适用于导出的数据可用于二次开发或者数据迁移

1）从PROD数据库导出数据

SYS@PROD>create user exp identified by exp default tablespace users;

User created.

SYS@PROD>grant dba to exp;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@PROD>create directory dir_tmp as '/home/oracle';

Directory created.

SYS@PROD>grant read,write on directory dir_tmp to exp;

Grant succeeded.

创建外部表，使用数据泵卸载数据

SYS@PROD>conn exp/exp
Connected.
EXP@PROD>
EXP@PROD>create table t organization external
2 (type oracle_datapump
3 default directory dir_tmp
4 location ('t_part1_dump.dat','t_part2_dump.dat')
5 )
6 parallel 2
7 as
8 select owner,object_id,object_name from dba_objects where owner='SYSTEM';

Table created.

EXP@PROD>

2）将生成的文件传递到OCM2主机

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20480 Jan 20 14:32 t_part1_dump.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20480 Jan 20 14:32 t_part2_dump.dat

[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ scp t_part* oracle@ocm2:~
t_part1_dump.dat 100% 20KB 20.0KB/s 00:00
t_part2_dump.dat 100% 20KB 20.0KB/s 00:00

3）在OCM2库，建imp账户并创建外部表t1表来加载数据

SYS@OCM2>grant dba to imp;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@OCM2>create directory dir_tmp as '/home/orace';

Directory created.

grant">SYS@OCM2>grant read,write on directory dir_tmp to imp;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@OCM2>conn imp/imp
Connected.

创建外部表并加载数据

IMP@OCM2>create table t1 (owner varchar2(30),object_id number,object_name varchar2(128)) organization external
2 (type oracle_datapump
3 default directory dir_tmp
4 location ('t_part1_dump.dat','t_part2_dump.dat'));

Table created.

测试

IMP@OCM2>select count(*) from t1;
select count(*) from t1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEOPEN callout
ORA-29400: data cartridge error
KUP-04063: unable to open log file T1_31553.log
OS error No such file or directory
ORA-06512: at "SYS.ORACLE_DATAPUMP", line 19

检查是否可以使用expdp 导出

[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ expdp imp/imp directory=dir_tmp dumpfile=objects.dat

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Monday, 20 January, 2014 14:49:06

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-29283: invalid file operation
ORA-06512: at "SYS.UTL_FILE", line 475
ORA-29283: invalid file operation

检查了半天，原来是路径写错误了。哎。

SYS@OCM2>drop directory dir_tmp;

Directory dropped.

SYS@OCM2>create directory dir_tmp as '/home/oracle';

Directory created.

SYS@OCM2>grant read,write on directory dir_tmp to imp;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@OCM2>conn imp/imp
Connected.
IMP@OCM2>
IMP@OCM2>
IMP@OCM2>select count(*) from t1;

COUNT(*)
----------
449

IMP@OCM2>

深入学习一下

type参数：

Oracle Database provides two access drivers for external tables. The default access driver is ORACLE_LOADER, which allows the reading of data from external files using the Oracle loader technology. The ORACLE_LOADER access driver provides data mapping capabilities which are a subset of the control file syntax of SQL*Loader utility. The second access driver, ORACLE_DATAPUMP, lets you unload data--that is, read data from the database and insert it into an external table, represented by one or more external files--and then reload it into an Oracle Database.

使用sql loader 方式创建外部表并加载数据

1）新建两个外部文件

[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ cat empxt1.dat
360,Jane,Janus,ST_CLERK,121,17-MAY-2001,3000,0,50,jjanus
361,Mark,Jasper,SA_REP,145,17-MAY-2001,8000,.1,80,mjasper
362,Brenda,Starr,AD_ASST,200,17-MAY-2001,5500,0,10,bstarr
363,Alex,Alda,AC_MGR,145,17-MAY-2001,9000,.15,80,aalda
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ cat empxt2.dat
401,Jesse,Cromwell,HR_REP,203,17-MAY-2001,7000,0,40,jcromwel
402,Abby,Applegate,IT_PROG,103,17-MAY-2001,9000,.2,60,aapplega
403,Carol,Cousins,AD_VP,100,17-MAY-2001,27000,.3,90,ccousins
404,John,Richardson,AC_ACCOUNT,205,17-MAY-2001,5000,0,110,jrichard

2）创建外部表

这个过程使用上面测试中的directory dir_tmp 。

EXP@PROD>create table employees
2 (employee_id       NUMBER(4),
3 first_name        VARCHAR2(20),
4 last_name         VARCHAR2(25),
5 job_id            VARCHAR2(10),
6 manager_id        NUMBER(4),
7 hire_date         DATE,
8 salary            NUMBER(8,2),
9 commission_pct    NUMBER(2,2),
10 department_id     NUMBER(4),
11 email             VARCHAR2(25))
12 organization external
13 (type oracle_loader
14 default directory dir_tmp
15 ACCESS PARAMETERS
16         (
17           records delimited by newline
18           badfile dir_tmp:'empxt%a_%p.bad'
19           logfile dir_tmp:'empxt%a_%p.log'
20           fields terminated by ','
21           missing field values are null
22           ( employee_id, first_name, last_name, job_id, manager_id,
23             hire_date char date_format date mask "dd-mon-yyyy",
24             salary, commission_pct, department_id, email
25           )
26 )
27 LOCATION ('empxt1.dat', 'empxt2.dat')
28 )
29 PARALLEL
30 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;