oracle 中文乱码，解决但有疑问，希望看到的人给予解释。

前些日子安装了一个suse Linux下oracle数据库，近来连接到另外一台机器也是也是中文乱码。
oracle 中文乱码
于是查找字符集问题
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;--82(本机）
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------82
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

-------------------------------------
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;--43(服务器端)
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------43
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

一样的，很奇怪，找了些帖子 做以下操作
oracle@linux-t2hc:/u01/oracle/10g> export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
发现好了，从新窗口登陆
发现数据库登陆不了了，爆出以下错误
12705: invalid or unknown NLS parameter value specified
再做以下操作，登陆成功，乱码解决
oracle@linux-t2hc:/u01/oracle/10g> export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
SQL> connect aa/aa@gdms
Connected.
SQL> select * from houxt_tmp;

NQ NN
---------- --------------------
1 ??????

SQL> insert into houxt_tmp values(2,'你好');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from houxt_tmp;

NQ NN
---------- --------------------
1 ??????
2 你好

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