监视索引

Identifying Unused Indexes with the ALTER INDEX MONITORING USAGE Command

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Identifying Unused Indexes with the ALTER INDEX MONITORING USAGE Command

Checked for relevance on 03-July-2007

PURPOSE
This document explains how to identify unused indexes in order to remove them.


SCOPE & APPLICATION
DBAs must be aware that unused indexes:
* consume storage space
* degrade performance by unnecessary overheads during DML operations

REFERENCES

Note 144070.1 Identifying unused indexes in Oracle9i


How to Identify Unused Indexes in Order to Remove Them:
=======================================================
The examples below work if the user logged is the owner of the index.

1. Set the index under MONITORING:

SQL> alter index I_EMP monitoring usage;
Index altered.

SQL> select * from v$object_usage; (只能查看本schema下的index)

INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MON USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
--------------- --------------- --- ---- ------------------- -------------------
I_EMP EMP YES NO 03/14/2001 09:17:19


2. Check if the monitored indexes are used or not through the USED column in
V$OBJECT_USAGE view:

SQL> select sal from emp where ename='SMITH';

SAL
----------
800


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'EMP'
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'I_EMP' (NON-UNIQUE)


The explain plan indicates the index is used.


SQL> select * from v$object_usage;

INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MON USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
--------------- --------------- --- ---- ------------------- -------------------
I_EMP EMP YES YES 03/14/2001 09:17:19


If the index was not used, the DBA could drop this unused index.


3. To stop monitoring an index, use the following SQL statement:

SQL> alter index i_emp nomonitoring usage;
Index altered.

SQL> select * from v$object_usage;

INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MON USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
--------------- --------------- --- ---- ------------------- -------------------
I_EMP EMP NO YES 03/14/2001 09:17:19 03/14/2001 09:55:24


As soon as you turn monitoring on again for the index, both columns
MONITORING and USED are reset.


SQL> alter index i_emp monitoring usage;
Index altered.

SQL> select * from v$object_usage;

INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MON USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
--------------- --------------- --- ---- ------------------- -------------------
I_EMP EMP YES NO 03/14/2001 09:57:27
一个测试案例
监视未使用索引
索引可以加快查询的速度,但索引会占用许多存储空间,在插入和删除行的时候,索引还会引入额外的开销,因此确保索引得到有效利用是我们很关注的一个问题。在Oracle9i之前,要知道一个索引是否被使用是困难的,而Oracle 9i中提供了一个有效的监控方法:ALTER INDEX MONITORING USAGE。下面我讲详细说明如何使用该方法来鉴别未使用的索引。
  
  一、我们先通过一个例子具体说明“ALTER INDEX MONITORING USAGE”的使用方法:
    1、建测试表
    create table test(id number(3),name varchar2(10));
    insert into test values(1,'aaaaaaaa');
    insert into test values(2,'www.ncn.cn');
    insert into test values(3,'aadfaaaa');
    insert into test values(4,'gototop');
    insert into test values(5,'shenzhen');
    insert into test values(6,'china');
    commit;
    alter table test add (constraint test_pk primary key (id));
    2、查询v$object_usage(因为没有监视,所以还看不到内容)
    column index_name format a12
    column monitoring format a10
    column used format a4
    column start_monitoring format a19
    column end_monitoring format a19
    select index_name,monitoring,used,start_monitoring,end_monitoring from v$object_usage;
    SQL> l
    1* select index_name,monitoring,used,start_monitoring,end_monitoring from v$object_usage
    SQL> /
    no rows selected
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
    3、开始监控索引的使用情况
    SQL> alter index test_pk monitoring usage;
    Index altered.
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
    4、查询v$object_usage(可以看到正监视中)
    SQL> select index_name,monitoring,used,start_monitoring,end_monitoring from v$object_usage;
    INDEX_NAME MONITORING USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
    ------------ ---------- ---- ------------------- -------------------
    TEST_PK YES NO 05/15/2003 13:28:22
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
    5、使用索引进行查询
    SQL> set autotrace on explain
    SQL> select * from test where id = 2;
    ID NAME
    ---------- ----------
    2 www.ncn.cn
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
    Execution Plan
    ----------------------------------------------------------
    0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE
    1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST'
    2 1 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'TEST_PK' (UNIQUE)
    SQL> set autotrace off
    SQL> /
    ID NAME
    ---------- ----------
    2 www.ncn.cn
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
    SQL>
    从上我们可以看到确实使用了索引。
    6、查询v$object_usage(可以看到索引被使用过,但目前还处于被监视过程中)
    SQL> select index_name,monitoring,used,start_monitoring,end_monitoring from v$object_usage;
    INDEX_NAME MONITORING USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
    ------------ ---------- ---- ------------------- -------------------
    TEST_PK YES YES 05/15/2003 13:28:22
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
    7、停止监视,并查询v$object_usage
    SQL> alter index test_pk nomonitoring usage;
    Index altered.
    Elapsed: 00:00:05.03
    SQL> select index_name,monitoring,used,start_monitoring,end_monitoring from v$object_usage;
    INDEX_NAME MONITORING USED START_MONITORING END_MONITORING
    ------------ ---------- ---- ------------------- -------------------
    TEST_PK NO YES 05/15/2003 13:28:22 05/15/2003 13:40:00
    Elapsed: 00:00:00.64
    到此为止,监视结束,MONITORING为NO,END_MONITORING给出了时间戳。
  
  二、v$object_usage视图解释
    从上面的例子中我们可以看出,索引的监视信息都是存在在v$objec_usage视图中,该视图的定义如下:
    CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW SYS.V$OBJECT_USAGE
    (
    INDEX_NAME,
    TABLE_NAME,
    MONITORING,
    USED,
    START_MONITORING,
    END_MONITORING
    )
    AS
    select io.name, t.name,
    decode(bitand(i.flags, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),
    decode(bitand(ou.flags, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),
    ou.start_monitoring,
    ou.end_monitoring
    from sys.obj$ io, sys.obj$ t, sys.ind$ i, sys.object_usage ou
    where io.owner# = userenv('SCHEMAID')
    and i.obj# = ou.obj#
    and io.obj# = ou.obj#
    and t.obj# = i.bo#
    /
    COMMENT ON TABLE SYS.V$OBJECT_USAGE IS
    'Record of index usage'
    /
    GRANT SELECT ON SYS.V$OBJECT_USAGE TO "PUBLIC"
    /
    下面是该视图列的描述:
    INDEX_NAME: sys.obj$.name 中的索引名字
    TABLE_NAME: sys.obj$obj$name 中的表名
    MONITORING: YES (索引正在被监控), NO (索引没有被监控)
    USED: YES (索引已经被使用过), NO (索引没有被使用过)
    START_MONITORING: 开始监控的时间
    END_MONITORING: 结束监控的时间
    所有被使用过至少一次的索引都可以被监控并显示到这个视图中。
  
  三、监视数据库中所有索引的使用情况
    1、生成开始/结束监视索引的SQL脚本:
    set heading off
    set echo off
    set feedback off
    set pages 10000
    spool start_index_monitor.sql
    select 'alter index '||owner||'.'||index_name||' monitoring usage;'
    from dba_indexes
    where owner in ('YOUR','PROD_DB','OWNER','LIST');
    spool off
    set heading on
    set echo on
    set feedback on
    ------------------------------------------------
    set heading off
    set echo off
    set feedback off
    set pages 10000
    spool stop_index_monitor.sql
    select 'alter index '||owner||'.'||index_name||' nomonitoring usage;'
    from dba_indexes
    where owner in ('YOUR','PROD_DB','OWNER','LIST');
    spool off
    set heading on
    set echo on
    set feedback on
    2、进行监视并查询结果:
    在业务量比较多的一天上班时运行start_index_monitor.sql,下班前运行stop_index_monitor.sql,之后就可以在各用户自己的v$object_usage视图中看到该SCHEMA下的索引使用情况了:
    SQL> conn t/t
    Connected.
    SQL> select index_name,table_name,used
    2 from v$object_usage
    3 where used='NO';
    INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME USED
    ------------ ------------------------------ ----
    TEST_PK TEST NO
    1 row selected.
    SQL>
    3、改进结果查寻方法
    你也许已经注意到,上面查询结果是需要我们单独查询各SCHEMA中的v$object_usage,其实我们可以通过给v$object_usage 视图添加一个owner列来创建一个可以存储所有SHCEMA的v$object_usage视图,不妨叫做v$all_object_usage,定义如下:
    CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW SYS.V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE
    (
    OWNER,
    INDEX_NAME,
    TABLE_NAME,
    MONITORING,
    USED,
    START_MONITORING,
    END_MONITORING
    )
    AS
    select u.name, io.name, t.name,
    decode(bitand(i.flags, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),
    decode(bitand(ou.flags, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES'),
    ou.start_mon

在Oracle9i中,如何监视索引并清除监视信息http://www.eygle.com/archives/2004/12/monitor_index_usage.html

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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/11782778/viewspace-615791/

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