在Centos 6.5上安装Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4.0) RAC

 

1   简介

Oracle 11g rac 基本结构如下图所示：

 

2   Oracle安装前准备工作

执行自动设置或手动设置完成基本的先决条件。完成所有安装所需的附加设置。

 

2.1 准备软件包

Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4) Software (64 bit)

2.2 自动设置（需要互联网）

 

按照http://public-yum.oracle.com 的说明安装Oracle  yum库，然后执行下面的命令。

 

# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

2.3 手动设置

2.3.1    从Centos 6.5的安装光盘上安装以下包

# From Centos 6 DVD

cd /media/cdrom/Server/Packages

#rpm -Uvh binutils-2.*

#rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*

#rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.*

#rpm -Uvh libaio-0.*

rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.*

#rpm -Uvh sysstat-9.*

#rpm -Uvh glibc-2.*

#rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.*

#rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.*

rpm -Uvh ksh-2*

#rpm -Uvh make-3.*

#rpm -Uvh libgcc-4.*

#rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.*.i686*

#rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.*

#rpm -Uvh gcc-4.*x86_64*

#rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.*x86_64*

#rpm -Uvh --allfiles elfutils-libelf-0*x86_64* elfutils-libelf-devel-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*i686* elfutils-libelf-devel-0*i686*

rpm -Uvh libtool-ltdl*i686*

rpm -Uvh ncurses*i686*

rpm -Uvh readline*i686*

rpm -Uvh unixODBC*

cd /

eject

 

2.3.2    在 "/etc/sysctl.conf" 文件中增加：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

#kernel.shmall = 2097152

#kernel.shmmax = 1054504960

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586

 

2.3.3    运行命令使内核参数生效

/sbin/sysctl –p

 

2.3.4    在 "/etc/security/limits.conf" 文件中增加：

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  4096

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

oracle              soft    stack   10240

 

grid              soft    nproc   2047

grid              hard    nproc   16384

grid              soft    nofile  4096

grid              hard    nofile  65536

grid              soft    stack   10240

在 "/etc/pam.d/login" 文件中增加：

session    required     pam_limits.so

2.3.5    创建用户和组：

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

groupadd -g 54322 dba

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba oracle

useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba grid

2.4 额外的设置

2.4.1    设置 "oracle" 用户的密码.

passwd oracle

2.4.2    设置 "grid" 用户的密码.

passwd grid

 

2.4.3    从oracle安装介质上安装rpm包

cd /your/path/to/grid/rpm

rpm -Uvh cvuqdisk*

 

2.4.4    修改hostname

编辑"/etc/sysconfig/network" 文件，第二个节点改成rac-node2

NETWORKING=yes

HOSTNAME=rac-node1

输入命令

hostname rac-node1

 

2.4.5    如果没有DNS在"/etc/hosts" 文件中增加：

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost

# Public

10.115.1.165   rac-node1

10.115.1.166   rac-node2

# Private

192.168.1.111   rac-node1-priv

192.168.1.112   rac-node2-priv

# Virtual

10.115.1.213   rac-node1-vip

10.115.1.214   rac-node2-vip

# SCAN

10.115.1.215   rac-scan

10.115.1.216   rac-scan

10.115.1.217   rac-scan

 

2.4.6    关闭 SELinux， 修改 "/etc/selinux/config" 文件

SELINUX=disabled

2.4.7    关闭防火墙

# service iptables stop

# chkconfig iptables off

 

2.4.8    关闭ntp服务

# service ntpd stop

Shutting down ntpd:                                        [  OK  ]

# chkconfig ntpd off

# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig

# rm /var/run/ntpd.pid

 

2.4.9    创建安装目录

mkdir -p /g01/app/orabase

mkdir -p /g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid_1

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chown -R grid:oinstall /g01

chmod -R 775 /u01

 

2.4.10  登录grid用户，修改 "/home/grid/.bash_profile" 文件

# grid

ORACLE_BASE=/g01/app/orabase; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=/g01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID  #+ASM1第二个节点改成+ASM2

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

 

 

 

2.4.11  登录oracle用户，修改 "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" 文件

# oracle

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=ODS1; export ORACLE_SID   # ODS1第二个节点改成ODS2

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

 

2.4.12  查看有几块共享磁盘

# cd /dev

# ls sd*

sda  sda1  sda2  sdb  sdc  sdd  sde  sdf

#

 

2.4.13  配置UDEV配置文件绑定磁盘

for i in b c d e f;

do

echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\", RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", NAME=\"asm-disk$i\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"dba\", MODE=\"0660\""      >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

done

# /sbin/start_udev

2.4.14  查看绑定后的磁盘

# ls -al /dev/asm*

 

2.4.15  测试网络

ping -c 3 rac-node1

ping -c 3 rac-node1-priv

ping -c 3 rac-node2

ping -c 3 rac-node2-priv

 

3   安装 Grid Infrastructure

$ unzip grid.zip

$ cd grid

$ ./runInstaller

选择 "Skip software updates" 选项, 然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

选择 "Install and Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster" 选项, 然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

选择 "Typical Installation" 选项, 然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

在 "Specify Cluster Configuration" 界面, 输入ods-scan 然后点击 "Add" 按钮.

输入第二个节点的信息, 然后点 "OK" 按钮.

点击 "SSH Connectivity..." 按钮 然后输入"grid" 用户的密码. 点击 "Setup" 按钮配置 SSH connectivity,然后点击 "Test"测试.

点击 "Identify network interfaces..." 按钮然后检查 public and private 网络是正确的.

输入 ASM 密码, 选择 "dba" 组然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

设置 redundancy 为 "External", 点击 "Change Discovery Path" 按钮然后设置路径为 "/dev/asm*". 返回主窗口选择所有盘然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

选择默认的 inventory directory 然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

先等待检查完成。如果有任何问题，修正或选中 "Ignore All" 复选框并单击“Next”按钮。

点击 "Install" 按钮.

等待安装完成.

当提示时，在每个节点上用root用户运行配置脚本.

运行 "orainstRoot.sh" 脚本。

# cd /u01/app/oraInventory

# ./orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

 

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

#

 

运行 " root.sh" 脚本。

第一个节点

# ./root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params

Creating trace directory

User ignored Prerequisites during installation

OLR initialization - successful

  root wallet

  root wallet cert

  root cert export

  peer wallet

  profile reader wallet

  pa wallet

  peer wallet keys

  pa wallet keys

  peer cert request

  pa cert request

  peer cert

  pa cert

  peer root cert TP

  profile reader root cert TP

  pa root cert TP

  peer pa cert TP

  pa peer cert TP

  profile reader pa cert TP

  profile reader peer cert TP

  peer user cert

  pa user cert

Adding Clusterware entries to upstart

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

ASM created and started successfully.

Disk Group DATA created successfully.

clscfg: -install mode specified

Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..

Operation successful.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

Successful addition of voting disk 0a287fd11ac74f59bf2edb0bd6d260e5.

Successfully replaced voting disk group with +DATA.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group

--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------

 1. ONLINE   0a287fd11ac74f59bf2edb0bd6d260e5 (/dev/asm-disk1) [DATA]

Located 1 voting disk(s).

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'ol6-112-rac1'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'ol6-112-rac1' succeeded

Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

#

 

第二个节点

# ./root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params

Creating trace directory

User ignored Prerequisites during installation

OLR initialization - successful

Adding Clusterware entries to upstart

CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node ol6-112-rac1, number 1, and is terminating

An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster

Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

#

 

运行完脚本, 返回 "Execute Configuration Scripts" 界面然后点击 "OK" 按钮.

等待 configuration assistants 完成.

 

如果没有DNS, 验证阶段会报SCAN的失败与错误.

INFO: Checking Single Client Access Name (SCAN)...

INFO: Checking name resolution setup for "rac-scan.localdomain"...

INFO: ERROR:

INFO: PRVF-4664 : Found inconsistent name resolution entries for SCAN name "rac-scan.localdomain"

INFO: ERROR:

INFO: PRVF-4657 : Name resolution setup check for "rac-scan.localdomain" (IP address: 192.168.2.201) failed

INFO: ERROR:

INFO: PRVF-4664 : Found inconsistent name resolution entries for SCAN name "rac-scan.localdomain"

INFO: Verification of SCAN VIP and Listener setup failed

忽略这些错误然后点击 "Next" 按钮.

点击 "Close" 按钮退出安装程序.

grid infrastructure 安装完成.

4   安装 Database

$ unzip database.zip

$ cd database

$ ./runInstaller

取消勾选检查安全更新复选框并单击 "Next" 按钮，警告对话框选择 "Yes"。

选择 "Skip software updates" 复选框，并单击 "Next" 按钮。

选择“Create and configure a database”选项然后单击 "Next" 按钮。

选择 "Server Class" 选项然后单击 "Next" 按钮.

确保两个节点被选中，然后单击 "Next" 按钮。

选择 "Typical install" 选项然后点击 "Next" 按钮。

 

存储类型应设置为 "Automatic Storage Manager" 。输入相应的密码和数据库名称。

等待检查完成。如果有任何问题，修复他们，或选中 "Ignore All" 复选框并单击 "Next" 按钮。

 

点击 "Install" 按钮.

等待安装完成。

Once 软件安装完成将自动进入数据库创建界面。

当数据库创建完成点击 "OK" 按钮.

当提示执行脚本时，在每个节点上用root用户执行root.sh脚本，然后单击 "OK" 按钮。

点击 "Close" 按钮退出安装程序。

RAC database 创建完成。

5   检查 RAC 状态

在oracle用户下输入一下命令来检查数据库状态。

$ srvctl config database -d RAC

Database unique name: RAC

Database name: RAC

Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1

Oracle user: oracle

Spfile: +DATA/RAC/spfileRAC.ora

Domain: localdomain

Start options: open

Stop options: immediate

Database role: PRIMARY

Management policy: AUTOMATIC

Server pools: RAC

Database instances: RAC2,RAC1

Disk Groups: DATA

Mount point paths:

Services:

Type: RAC

Database is administrator managed

$

 

$ srvctl status database -d RAC

Instance RAC1 is running on node ol6-112-rac1

Instance RAC2 is running on node ol6-112-rac2

$

 

 

 

 

 

本文档只作为快捷安装指导，进一步的内容，请查阅oracle官方文档。

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