控制文件丢失通过rman备份恢复

控制文件完全丢失后进行恢复
    今天做了个实验，模拟控制文件完全丢失后，通过rman备份来进行还原。

实验环境：
    操作系统环境：

1. [oracle@REDHAT6 tmp]$ lsb_release -a
   
2. LSB Version:    :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
   
3. Distributor ID:    OracleServer
   
4. Description:    Oracle Linux Server release 6.5
   
5. Release:    6.5
   
6. Codename:    n/a

    数据库环境：

1. SQL> select * from v$version;
   
2. 
   
3. BANNER
   
4. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
5. Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
   
6. PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
   
7. CORE    11.2.0.3.0    Production
   
8. TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
   
9. NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
   
10. 
    
11. SQL> show parameter control_files;
    
12. 
    
13. NAME                 TYPE        VALUE
    
14. -------------------- ----------- ------------------------------
    
15. control_files        string      /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl

    这里为了实验方便，所以控制文件只设置了一份。

1. 备份数据库

1. [oracle@REDHAT6 tmp]$ rman target /
   
   Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 20 10:59:55 2015
   
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
   
   
   connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1396675707)
2. 
   
   
3. RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/db_backup/%U.bak';
   
4. 
   
5. RMAN> list backup;
   
6. 
   
7. List of Backup Sets
   
8. ===================
   
9. 
   
10. BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
    
11. ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
    
12. 21 Full 1.32G DISK 00:01:44 20-MAY-15
    
13.         BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150520T110508
    
14.         Piece Name: /home/oracle/db_backup/0rq7df35_1_1.bak
    
15.   List of Datafiles in backup set 21
    
16.   File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
    
17.   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
    
18.   1 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
    
19.   2 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
    
20.   3 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
    
21.   4 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
    
22.   5 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
    
23.   6 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/df1.dbf
    
24.   7 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/df2.dbfdf2
    
25.   8 Full 3149096 20-MAY-15 /u01/app/oradata/rman1.dbf
    
26. 
    
27. BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
    
28. ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
    
29. 22 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 20-MAY-15
    
30.         BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150520T110508
    
31.         Piece Name: /home/oracle/db_backup/0sq7df6f_1_1.bak
    
32.   SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-MAY-15
    
33.   SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
    
34.   Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 3149581 Ckp time: 20-MAY-15

    数据文件备份在：/home/oracle/db_backup/0rq7df35_1_1.bak，
    控制文件和参数文件备份在：/home/oracle/db_backup/0sq7df6f_1_1.bak,
   注意上面的 “ DBID=1396675707 ” ，这个在后面控制文件恢复时会用到的

2. 模拟控制文件丢失
    1) 将控制文件重重命名

1. [oracle@REDHAT6 ORCL]$ pwd
   
2. /u01/app/oradata/ORCL
   
3. [oracle@REDHAT6 ORCL]$ mv control01.ctl control01_bak.ctl

    2) 重启数据库

1. SQL> startup force;
   
2. ORACLE instance started.
   
3. 
   
4. Total System Global Area 889389056 bytes
   
5. Fixed Size         2233480 bytes
   
6. Variable Size         494930808 bytes
   
7. Database Buffers     385875968 bytes
   
8. Redo Buffers         6348800 bytes
   
9. ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

    这里控制文件已经报错了，无法指定控制文件

3. 恢复控制文件
    1) 将数据库启动到nomount状态     

1. SQL> startup nomount;
   
2. ORACLE instance started.
   
3. 
   
4. Total System Global Area 889389056 bytes
   
5. Fixed Size         2233480 bytes
   
6. Variable Size         494930808 bytes
   
7. Database Buffers     385875968 bytes
   
8. Redo Buffers         6348800 bytes

    2) 通过rman还原控制文件

1. [oracle@REDHAT6 ORCL]$ rman target /
   
2. 
   
3. Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 20 11:27:37 2015
   
4. 
   
5. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
6. 
   
7. connected to target database: ORCL (not mounted)
   
8. 
   
9. RMAN> set DBID=1396675707
   
10. 
    
11. executing command: SET DBID
    
12. 
    
13. RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/db_backup/0sq7df6f_1_1.bak';
    
14. 
    
15. Starting restore at 20-MAY-15
    
16. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
    
17. allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
    
18. channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
    
19. 
    
20. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
    
21. channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
    
22. output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl
    
23. Finished restore at 20-MAY-15

    由于数据库是nomount状态，所以rman连接进来的时候，ORCL (not mounted)。
    这里有两点需要注意下，
    首先，rman连接进来后，DBID是未知的，要先执行 RMAN> set DBID=1396675707 (DBID的值在上面rman备份时是有的)，
    其次，还原的备份集要正确，在进行rman备份时，通过 list backup 可以看到控制文件所在的备份集。

4. 恢复数据库
    1)  将数据库启动到mount状态

1. SQL> alter database mount

    2) 还原数据库，  恢复数据库 和 启动数据库

1. RMAN> restore database;
   
2. 
   
3. Starting restore at 20-MAY-15
   
4. Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 20-MAY-15
   
5. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
   
6. allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
   
7. channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=125 device type=DISK
   
8. Crosschecked 1 objects
   
9. Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 20-MAY-15
   
10. 
    
11. Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 20-MAY-15
    
12. using channel ORA_DISK_1
    
13. Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 20-MAY-15
    
14. 
    
15. searching for all files in the recovery area
    
16. cataloging files...
    
17. no files cataloged
    
18. 
    
19. using channel ORA_DISK_1
    
20. 
    
21. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
    
22. channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
    
23. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
    
24. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
    
25. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
    
26. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
    
27. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
    
28. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/df1.dbf
    
29. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oradata/df2.dbfdf2
    
30. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oradata/rman1.dbf
    
31. channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/db_backup/0uq7dmht_1_1
    
32. channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/0uq7dmht_1_1 tag=TAG20150520T131228
    
33. channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
    
34. channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
    
35. Finished restore at 20-MAY-15
    
36. 
    
37. RMAN> recover database;
    
38. 
    
39. Starting recover at 20-MAY-15
    
40. using channel ORA_DISK_1
    
41. 
    
42. starting media recovery
    
43. 
    
44. archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log
    
45. archived log file name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=1
    
46. media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
    
47. Finished recover at 20-MAY-15
    
48. 
    
49. RMAN> sql 'alter database open resetlogs';
    
50. 
    
51. sql statement: alter database open resetlogs

现在数据库已经正常启动了！

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