Oracle12c更改数据库字符集为ZHS16GBK

查询数据库字符集，将字符集改为ZHS16GBK
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
WE8MSWIN1252




SQL> show pdbs


    CON_ID CON_NAME  OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED  READ ONLY  NO
3 PDB_ORCL  READ WRITE NO
SQL> show pdbs     


    CON_ID CON_NAME  OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED  READ ONLY  NO
3 PDB_ORCL  READ WRITE NO
关闭数据库
SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
启动数据库到mount模式
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1.6267E+11 bytes
Fixed Size    7653480 bytes
Variable Size 2.4159E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 1.3798E+11 bytes
Redo Buffers  529215488 bytes
Database mounted.
限制session并修改相关参数（记住参数值，最后更改完字符集需要将这些参数改成原值）
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;


System altered.


SQL>  show parameter job_queue_processes; 


NAME     TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
job_queue_processes     integer
1000
SQL> show parameter aq_tm_processes; 


NAME     TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
aq_tm_processes     integer
1
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;


System altered.


SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.


SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
出现错误提示，新字符集必须是老字符集的超集，也就原来字符集是新字符集的子集。
使用Oracle内部命令internal_use跳过使用超集检查。
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;  
alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12720: operation requires database is in EXCLUSIVE mode


报错信息要求数据库在EXCLUSIVE模式下，修改集群数据库参数为false（单库不需要调整该参数
，该参数在修改完字符集之后需要改回原值）并重启数据库


SQL> alter system set cluster_database=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';


System altered.


SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
注意：启动数据库需要启动到restrict模式下，不然在修改字符集的时候可能汇报如下错误：
ORA-12719: operation requires database is in RESTRICTED mode


SQL> startup restrict
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1.6267E+11 bytes
Fixed Size    7653480 bytes
Variable Size 2.4159E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 1.3798E+11 bytes
Redo Buffers  529215488 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;


Database altered.




SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1.6267E+11 bytes
Fixed Size    7653480 bytes
Variable Size 2.4159E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 1.3798E+11 bytes
Redo Buffers  529215488 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
查询修改结果并将上述修改的参数调整为原来的值。


SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK




SQL> alter system set cluster_database=TRUE scope=spfile sid='*';


System altered.


SQL> shu immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1.6267E+11 bytes
Fixed Size    7653480 bytes
Variable Size 2.4159E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 1.3798E+11 bytes
Redo Buffers  529215488 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=1000;


System altered.




SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.


SQL> show parameter cluster_database


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cluster_database     boolean TRUE
cluster_database_instances     integer 2
SQL> show parameter job_queue_processes; 


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
job_queue_processes     integer 1000
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode       Archive Mode
Automatic archival       Enabled
Archive destination       USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     131
Next log sequence to archive   132
Current log sequence       132
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';


PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET
ZHS16GBK

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