LISTAGG
Purp ose
For a specified measure, LISTAGG orders data within each group specified in the ORDER BY clause and then concatenates the values of the measure column.
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As a single-set aggregate function, LISTAGG operates on all rows and returns a single output row.
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As a group-set aggregate, the function operates on and returns an output row for each group defined by the GROUP BY clause.
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As an analytic function, LISTAGG partitions the query result set into groups based on one or more expression in the query_partition_clause.
The arguments to the function are subject to the following rules:
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The measure_expr can be any expression. Null values in the measure column are ignored.
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The delimiter_expr designates the string that is to separate the measure values. This clause is optional and defaults to NULL.
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The order_by_clause determines the order in which the concatenated values are returned. The function is deterministic only if the ORDER BY column list achieved unique ordering.
The return data type is RAW if the measure column is RAW; otherwise the return value is VARCHAR2.
listagg的作用是将分组范围内的所有行特定列的记录加以合并成行。函数签名中的measure_expr为分组中每个列的表达式,而delimiter为合并分割符。
如果delimiter不设置的话,就表示无分割符。
中间within group后面的order_by_clause表示的是进行合并中要遵守的排序顺序。而后面的over子句表明listagg是具有分析函数analyze funcation特性的。
一.单集合
The following single-set aggregate example lists all of the employees in Department 30 in the hr.employees table, ordered by hire date and last name:
SELECT LISTAGG(last_name, '; ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY hire_date, last_name) "Emp_list", MIN(hire_date) "Earliest" FROM employees WHERE department_id = 30; Emp_list Earliest ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- Raphaely; Khoo; Tobias; Baida; Himuro; Colmenares 07-DEC-02
二.组集合
The following group-set aggregate example lists, for each department ID in the hr.employees table, the employees in that department in order of their hire date:
SELECT department_id "Dept.", LISTAGG(last_name, '; ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY hire_date) "Employees" FROM employees GROUP BY department_id ORDER BY department_id; Dept. Employees ------ ------------------------------------------------------------ 10 Whalen 20 Hartstein; Fay 30 Raphaely; Khoo; Tobias; Baida; Himuro; Colmenares 40 Mavris 50 Kaufling; Ladwig; Rajs; Sarchand; Bell; Mallin; Weiss; Davie s; Marlow; Bull; Everett; Fripp; Chung; Nayer; Dilly; Bissot ; Vollman; Stiles; Atkinson; Taylor; Seo; Fleaur; Matos; Pat el; Walsh; Feeney; Dellinger; McCain; Vargas; Gates; Rogers; Mikkilineni; Landry; Cabrio; Jones; Olson; OConnell; Sulliv an; Mourgos; Gee; Perkins; Grant; Geoni; Philtanker; Markle 60 Austin; Hunold; Pataballa; Lorentz; Ernst 70 Baer . . .
添加over分析函数。
统计所有雇佣日期在03年9月1日之前,员工和他们相同部门的员工信息。
SELECT department_id "Dept",
hire_date "Date",
last_name "Name",
LISTAGG(last_name, '; ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY hire_date, last_name)
OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) as "Emp_list"
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date < '01-SEP-2003'
ORDER BY "Dept", "Date", "Name";
Dept Date Name Emp_list ----- --------- --------------- --------------------------------------------- 30 07-DEC-02 Raphaely Raphaely; Khoo 30 18-MAY-03 Khoo Raphaely; Khoo 40 07-JUN-02 Mavris Mavris 50 01-MAY-03 Kaufling Kaufling; Ladwig 50 14-JUL-03 Ladwig Kaufling; Ladwig 70 07-JUN-02 Baer Baer 90 13-JAN-01 De Haan De Haan; King 90 17-JUN-03 King De Haan; King 100 16-AUG-02 Faviet Faviet; Greenberg 100 17-AUG-02 Greenberg Faviet; Greenberg 110 07-JUN-02 Gietz Gietz; Higgins 110 07-JUN-02 Higgins Gietz; Higgins
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