包含相对路径import 的python脚本不能直接运行,只能作为module被引用。原因正如手册中描述的,所谓相对路径其实就是相对于当前module的路径,但如果直接执行脚本,这个module的name就是“__main__”, 而不是module原来的name, 这样相对路径也就不是原来的相对路径了,导入就会失败,出现错误“ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package”
Note that both explicit and implicit relative imports are based on the name of the current module. Since the name of the main module is always"__main__", modules intended for use as the main module of a Python application should always use absolute imports.
相对路径的具体规则可以对照如下:
1. 文件结构:
- sound/ Top-level package
- __init__.py Initialize the sound package
- formats/ Subpackage for file format conversions
- __init__.py
- wavread.py
- wavwrite.py
- aiffread.py
- aiffwrite.py
- auread.py
- auwrite.py
- ...
- effects/ Subpackage for sound effects
- __init__.py
- echo.py
- surround.py
- reverse.py
- ...
- filters/ Subpackage for filters
- __init__.py
- equalizer.py
- vocoder.py
- karaoke.py
- ...
2. From the surround module for example, you can use:
- from . import echo
- from .. import formats
- from ..filters import equalizer