备份与恢复系列 十 参数文件spfile的备份与恢复

当我们需要做数据库迁移时，数据库版本不变的情况下，备份原库的spfile并在新的服务器上恢复可以快速的将数据库启动到nomount状态，并且所有实例参数和原库保持一致。在单实例的环境下，不适用ASM的时候可以简单的将spfile复制到新的服务器，但是在RAC环境下spfile保存在ASM磁盘组里，虽然通过ASMCMD也可以进入该路径下copy出文件，但是这样做比较麻烦，还是采用rman比较好。 下面通过一个实验采用rman的方式在RAC状态下备份与恢复spfile文件。

1.使用RMAN备份spfile
[oracle@node1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Sep 29 02:25:41 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PROD (DBID=271163854)

RMAN> backup spfile;

Starting backup at 2014-09-29 02:25:58
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=53 instance=PROD1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-09-29 02:25:58
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-09-29 02:25:59
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_09_29/nnsnf0_tag20140929t022558_0.272.859515959 tag=TAG20140929T022558 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2014-09-29 02:25:59

备份路径在快速恢复区的ASM磁盘组中,为了迁移到新的数据库，我们可以采用format参数将其复制到到本地磁盘上。

RMAN> backup spfile tag='spfile_bak' format '/backup/spfile.bak';

Starting backup at 2014-09-29 02:29:56
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-09-29 02:29:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-09-29 02:29:57
piece handle=/backup/spfile.bak tag=SPFILE_BAK comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2014-09-29 02:29:57

回参数文件被复制到本地磁盘的/backup/目录下就可以方便的复制到其他数据库服务器上了。注意RAC环境下不建议使用create pfile from spfile的方法。

2.复制spfile文件到新服务器
[oracle@node1 ~]$ scp /backup/spfile.bak oracle@172.16.228.103:/backup

3.在新服务器上使用RMAN恢复spfile，并采用该spfile启动数据库到nomount状态
确保新服务器的数据库是关闭状态
srvctl stop database -d

在新服务器还没有spfile的时候sqlplus无法将实例启动到nomount状态，但是可以通过rman启动到 dummy 状态。
RMAN> startup nomount;

RMAN> restroe spfile from '/backup/spfile.bak';

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