rman 恢复system表空间

只要存在有效的RMAN备份，恢复SYSTEM表空间数据文件丢失故障是比较容易的。
注意，这里强调的是存在有效可用的备份介质。曾经遇到一个非常无奈的场景：catalog数据库与备份的目标库放在了同一个数据库中，此时当SYSTEM表空间发生不测之后，因为catalog数据库与目标数据库同时发生问题，导致恢复变得艰难。敬告：制定备份策略的时候一定要考虑周全。

这里演示的是最常见的使用RMAN恢复SYSTEM表空间丢失的数据方法。

1.连接到catalog数据库完成对数据库的备份
[oracle@secdb oradata]$ rman target / catalog rman_catalog/rman_catalog@catalog

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 15 22:14:24 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA10G (DBID=4067316777)
connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> run{
backup full database
format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/full_bk1_%u%p%s.rmn'
include current controlfile;
backup archivelog all
format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/arch_bk1_%u%p%s.rmn'
delete all input;
}

…… 省略输出结果 ……

2.模拟SYSTEM表空间数据文件丢失
sys@ora10g> col name for a60
sys@ora10g> select file#,name from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME
---------- -----------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/user_08.dbf

sys@ora10g> ! rm -f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf

故障现象举例：
sys@ora10g> select * from cat;
select * from cat
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 1
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

sys@ora10g> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 1
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

sys@ora10g> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.

NotConnected@> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 1219136 bytes
Variable Size 125830592 bytes
Database Buffers 180355072 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf'

NotConnected@> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

3.使用RMAN完成数据文件恢复
1）连接到catalog数据库
[oracle@secdb oradata]$ rman target / catalog rman_catalog/rman_catalog@catalog

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 15 22:16:51 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA10G (DBID=4067316777, not open)
connected to recovery catalog database

2）还原1号数据文件，此文件即为SYSTEM表空间丢失的数据文件
RMAN> restore datafile 1;

Starting restore at 15-JUL-10
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/full_bk1_0flis4k9115.rmn
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/full_bk1_0flis4k9115.rmn tag=TAG20100715T171449
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished restore at 15-JUL-10

3）对1号数据文件进行恢复
RMAN> recover datafile 1;

Starting recover at 15-JUL-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 15-JUL-10

4）将数据库启动到OPEN状态
RMAN> alter database open;

database opened

5）验证数据库的可用性
[oracle@secdb oradata]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 15 22:24:14 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

sys@ora10g> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

4.小结
恢复丢失的数据文件的过程是非常简便的。真正要重视的备份策略的科学性和备份介质的有效性，前者需要需要对备份策略做深入的策划，后者可以通过定期的备份介质有效性验证来保证。
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