rman中的自动恢复详解

rman中有一套自动检测，建议和恢复机制对数据库进行恢复

下面我们就通过丢失系统表空间的文件来看看怎么实现

首先，模拟丢失文件

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ rm system01.dbf

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

重启之后报错

SQL> startup force

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  780824576 bytes

Fixed Size            2217424 bytes

Variable Size          545262128 bytes

Database Buffers      230686720 bytes

Redo Buffers            2658304 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

= =是不是完全不知道system01.dbf文件怎么啦？

不用怕，直接进入rman中查看错误

RMAN> list failure;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Database Failures

=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

102        CRITICAL OPEN      06-DEC-16     System datafile 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' is missing

5          CRITICAL OPEN      30-AUG-16     System datafile 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' needs media recovery

瞧！明确给出了错误原因，system01.dbf文件丢失，且该文件需要介质恢复

之后我们可以看rman给出的建议

RMAN>  advise failure;

List of Database Failures

=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

102        CRITICAL OPEN      06-DEC-16     System datafile 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' is missing

5          CRITICAL OPEN      30-AUG-16     System datafile 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' needs media recovery

analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

analyzing automatic repair options complete

Mandatory Manual Actions

========================

no manual actions available

Optional Manual Actions

=======================

1. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it

2. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one

Automated Repair Options

========================

Option Repair Description

------ ------------------

1      Restore and recover datafile 1 

  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss

  Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2728352127.hm

rman明确告诉我们解决方法

Optional Manual Actions     手工方式

Automated Repair Options     自动方式

自动方式中有一个Repair script（修复脚本），我们打开看看

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2728352127.hm

   # restore and recover datafile

   restore datafile 1;

   recover datafile 1;

里面正是自动修复所需要的语句。

但是我们有更方便的方式，执行repair failure，它会自动帮我们执行脚本里的语句。

RMAN>  repair failure;

Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss

Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2728352127.hm

contents of repair script:

   # restore and recover datafile

   restore datafile 1;

   recover datafile 1;

Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? y

executing repair script

...............

repair failure complete

Do you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)?yes

database opened

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

RMAN> list failure all;

no failures found that match specification

ps：这几个命令是不是很好用啊！不过在一些场景这几个命令是没用的。比如日志文件的丢失或损坏，是检测不出的。

      那么那时我们就只能乖乖地按原来的方式进行恢复啦！

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