RMAN备份冗余备份

环境介绍：

ORACLE10.2.0.164BIT

REDHAT 5.4

通过RMAN来自动备份出冗余备份

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通常通过RMAN备份一份就足够了，备份完成后如果想要多于的冗余的话通常是将备份数据COPY到其他的地方存放，这样就增加了多于的维护成本以及加大了出错的几率，也可能会出现在通过COPY或者FTP传输的时候造成数据的丢失，导致备份的冗余不可用。

通过RMAN可以很容易的备份出冗余数据：

RMAN> run {
2> set backup copies 2;
3> allocate channel ch1 type disk format '/u01/h01','/u02/h02';
4> backup tablespace test_tran;
5> release channel ch1;
6> }
executing command: SET BACKUP COPIES

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 18-DEC-10
channel ch1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/oradata/qqdb/test_tran01.dbf
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 18-DEC-10
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 18-DEC-10 with 2 copies and tag TAG20101218T001715
piece handle=/u01/h01 comment=NONE
piece handle=/u02/h02 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-DEC-10

released channel: ch1

RMAN> list backup;

BS Key Type LV Size
------- ---- -- ----------
22 Full 152.00K
List of Datafiles in backup set 22
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
6 Full 11338164218367 18-DEC-10 /u01/oradata/qqdb/test_tran01.dbf

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 22
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:01 18-DEC-10 NO TAG20101218T001715

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 22 Copy #1
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
22 1 AVAILABLE /u01/h01

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 22
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:01 18-DEC-10 NO TAG20101218T001715

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 22 Copy #2
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
23 1 AVAILABLE /u02/h02
RMAN> startup mount force;
Oracle instance started
database mounted

Total System Global Area 243269632 bytes

Fixed Size 2019896 bytes
Variable Size 109055432 bytes
Database Buffers 130023424 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes

RMAN> restore tablespace test_tran from tag 'TAG20101218T001715';
Starting restore at 18-DEC-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/oradata/qqdb/test_tran01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/h01
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/h01 tag=TAG20101218T001715channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 18-DEC-10

RMAN> recover tablespace test_tran;
Starting recover at 18-DEC-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 18-DEC-10

--------------------------------------------------------

[oracle@qqdb u02]$ ll /u02/h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 /u02/h02
[oracle@qqdb u02]$ ll /u01/h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 /u01/h01
[oracle@qqdb u02]$

[oracle@qqdb u01]$ mv h01 h11
[oracle@qqdb u01]$ ll h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 h11

----------------------------------------------------------

RMAN> restore tablespace test_tran from tag 'TAG20101218T001715';
Starting restore at 18-DEC-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/oradata/qqdb/test_tran01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/h01channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
failover to piece handle=/u02/h02 tag=TAG20101218T001715channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 18-DEC-10

RMAN> recover tablespace test_tran;
Starting recover at 18-DEC-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 18-DEC-10

可以看到当备份片CH01丢掉后，RMAN在恢复过程中就自动切换到其他的备份片段进行数据的恢复，其中不用其他人的干预。

----------------------------------------------------------

[oracle@qqdb u01]$ cd /u02/
[oracle@qqdb u02]$ mv h02 h12
[oracle@qqdb u02]$ ll /u01/h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 /u01/h11
[oracle@qqdb u02]$ ll /u02/h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 /u02/h12

----------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN> restore tablespace test_tran from tag 'TAG20101218T001715';
Starting restore at 18-DEC-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/oradata/qqdb/test_tran01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/h01
ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /u02/h02
ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u02/h02"
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
failover to previous backup

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 12/18/2010 00:33:01
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 6 found to restore

RMAN>

可以发现当两个都丢掉的话就不能进行恢复操作。

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/h01 recid=22 stamp=738029835
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u02/h02 recid=23 stamp=738029835

-----------------------------------------------------------

[oracle@qqdb u02]$ mv h12 h02
[oracle@qqdb u02]$ ll /u02/h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 /u02/h02
[oracle@qqdb u02]$

----------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/h01 recid=22 stamp=738029835
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/u02/h02 recid=23 stamp=738029835

------------------------------------------------------------------

[oracle@qqdb u02]$ mv /u01/h11 /u01/h01

[oracle@qqdb u02]$ ll /u01/h*-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 163840 Dec 18 00:17 /u01/h01

-------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/u01/h01 recid=22 stamp=738029835
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/u02/h02 recid=23 stamp=738029835

RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace test_tran tag 'TAG20101218T001715';
using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
22 22 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/h01
23 22 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /u02/h02

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/h01 recid=22 stamp=738029835
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u02/h02 recid=23 stamp=738029835
Deleted 2 objects

RMAN> sql 'alter database open';
sql statement: alter database open

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