mysql的启动和停止（5.6.21）

MySQL的启动和停止（5.6.21）

MySQL的启动方式有四种，分别是直接启动mysqld服务，mysql_safe启动方法，直接启动mysql.server服务（/opt/mysql/support-file/),还有就是mysql_multi，下面对这四种分别详细说明

1.mysqld

•  mysqld is mysql server
• mysqld reads options from the [mysqld] and [server] groups
• we can invoke mysqld manually .this is usually not done except for debugging purposes.if you invoke the server this way.error messages go the terminal by default rather than to the error log

    不知道是5.6.21的版本的问题还是什么原因，在用mysqld启动的时候要把 
 --defaults-file=../my.cnf
 --basedir=/opt/mysql
 --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
 --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
 --user=mysql --log-error=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.err
 --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.pid
 --socket=/opt/mysql/mysql.sock
 --port=3306这些参数全部指定，如果每次在命令中中指定这些参数难免显得非常麻烦，所以我就把这些参数全部写在mysql的配置文件my.cnf中的[mysqld]下面。
    connect

• start

                ./opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql

• connect

                mysql --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf
                mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock           (用socket的方式进行连接)

2.mysqld_safe

• mysqld_safe reads all options from the [mysqld],[server] and [mysqld_safe] sections in option file .for backward compatibility.it also reads [safe_mysqld] sections.although you should rename such sections to [mysqld_safe] in MYSQL 5.1 installations
• mysqld_safe is a shell scripts that invokes mysqld.the scripts sets up the error log .and then launches mysqld and monitors it.if msqld terminates abnormally.mysqld_safe restarts it

    connection

•  start

            mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql

• connect

            mysql --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf
            mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

3.mysql.server

•  MYSQL distributions on unix include a script named mysql.server.it can be used on system such as linux and solaris that use system V-style run directories to start and stop system services.it is also used by the Mac OS X startup Item for mysql
• $MYSQL_BASE/support-files/mysql.server
• mysql.server reads options from the [mysql.server] and [mysqld] sections of option files for backward compatibility,it also reads [mysql_server] sections.although you should rename such sections to [mysql.server] when using mysql 5.1
• a shell script that invokes mysqld_safe

    connection

• start

            cd /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
             也可封装成系统服务：
                    cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
                    chkconfig --add mysql
                    chkconfig mysql on
                    service mysql start

• connect

           mysql --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf
           mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

4.mysqld_multi

• mysqld_multi is designed to manage serveral processes that listen for connections on different unix socket and TCP/IP ports. it can start or stop servers,or reprot their current status .the mysql instance manager is an alternative of managing multiple servers

    how to config

• makdir $basedir/data2
• mysql_install_db --basedir=$basedir --datadir=/basedir/data2 --user=mysql
• vi /opt/mysql/my.cnf

            [mysqld_multi]
            mysqld    =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
            mysqladmin    =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
            user=test
            password=test

            [mysqld3306]
                .
                .
                .
            [mysqld3307]
                .
                .
                .

• mysqld_multil --default-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf start 3306
• mysql -uroot -p 3306 --protocol=tcp
• mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
• grant shutdown on *.* to 'test'@'localhost' identified by 'test'
• mysqld_multil --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/cm.cnf stop 3306

        下面是一个有三个server的机器上的my.cnf文件：

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. [mysqld_multi]
   
2. mysqld =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
   
3. mysqladmin =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
   
4. user=test
   
5. password=test
   
6. 
   
7. 
   
8. [mysqld3306]
   
9. 
   
10. port = 3306
    
11. socket = /opt/mysql/mysql.sock
    
12. skip-external-locking
    
13. key_buffer_size = 16M
    
14. max_allowed_packet = 1M
    
15. table_open_cache = 64
    
16. sort_buffer_size = 512K
    
17. net_buffer_length = 8K
    
18. read_buffer_size = 256K
    
19. read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
    
20. myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
    
21. basedir = /opt/mysql
    
22. datadir = /opt/mysql/data
    
23. 
    
24. plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
    
25. pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.pid
    
26. log-error=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.err
    
27. explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
    
28. 
    
29. [mysqld3307]
    
30. 
    
31. port = 3307
    
32. socket = /opt/mysql/mysql3307.sock
    
33. skip-external-locking
    
34. key_buffer_size = 16M
    
35. max_allowed_packet = 1M
    
36. table_open_cache = 64
    
37. sort_buffer_size = 512K
    
38. net_buffer_length = 8K
    
39. read_buffer_size = 256K
    
40. read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
    
41. myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
    
42. basedir = /opt/mysql
    
43. datadir = /opt/mysql/data2
    
44. 
    
45. plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
    
46. pid-file=/opt/mysql/data2/mysql1.pid
    
47. log-error=/opt/mysql/data2/mysql1.err
    
48. explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
    
49. 
    
50. 
    
51. [mysqld3308]
    
52. 
    
53. port = 3308
    
54. socket = /opt/mysql/mysql3308.sock
    
55. skip-external-locking
    
56. key_buffer_size = 16M
    
57. max_allowed_packet = 1M
    
58. table_open_cache = 64
    
59. sort_buffer_size = 512K
    
60. net_buffer_length = 8K
    
61. read_buffer_size = 256K
    
62. read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
    
63. myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
    
64. basedir = /opt/mysql
    
65. datadir = /opt/mysql/data3
    
66. 
    
67. plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
    
68. pid-file=/opt/mysql/data3/mysql1.pid
    
69. log-error=/opt/mysql/data3/mysql1.err
    
70. explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
    
71. 
    
72. [client]
    
73. prot =3306
    
74. socket =/opt/mysql/mysql.sock

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