[20190507]sga_target=0注意修改_kghdsidx_count设置.txt

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[20190507]sga_target=0注意修改_kghdsidx_count设置.txt

--//昨天遇到一例视图定义太复杂导致长时间分析sql语句出现library cache lock等待事件的情况.

--//加上大量使用非绑定变量语句,导致硬解析增加,导致问题更加严重.

--//顺便解析当时同事发现仅仅1个CPU特别忙.实际上因为仅仅1个shared pool latch在工作.

1.环境:

> @ ver1

PORT_STRING VERSION BANNER

------------------ -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------

IBMPC/WIN_NT-8.1.0 10.2.0.3.0 Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Prod

--//注32位版本.

2.解析:

SELECT addr

,latch#

,child#

,level#

,name

,gets

,sleeps

,immediate_gets

,immediate_misses

,spin_gets

FROM V$LATCH_CHILDREN

WHERE name LIKE 'shared pool'

ORDER BY addr;

ADDR LATCH# CHILD# LEVEL# NAME GETS SLEEPS IMMEDIATE_GETS IMMEDIATE_MISSES SPIN_GETS

-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------

05AA3858 213 1 7 shared pool 25235287 182 0 0 7384

05AA38C0 213 2 7 shared pool 151 0 0 0 0

05AA3928 213 3 7 shared pool 151 0 0 0 0

05AA3990 213 4 7 shared pool 151 0 0 0 0

05AA39F8 213 5 7 shared pool 151 0 0 0 0

05AA3A60 213 6 7 shared pool 151 0 0 0 0

05AA3AC8 213 7 7 shared pool 151 0 0 0 0

7 rows selected.

--//仅仅1个shared pool latch在使用.

> show parameter sga_

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------- ----------- ------

sga_max_size big integer 1200M

sga_target big integer 1200M

> @　hide _kghdsidx_count

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

--------------- ------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------

_kghdsidx_count max kghdsidx count TRUE 1 1

> @ hide _enable_shared_pool_durations

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

----------------------------- -------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------

_enable_shared_pool_durations temporary to disable/enable kgh policy TRUE TRUE TRUE

> show parameter cpu_count

NAME TYPE VALUE

--------- ------- ------

cpu_count integer 16

--//注:在任务管理器看到32个CPU.不过我发现图中下面一排16个cpu好像没有负载.

--//主要问题是参数_kghdsidx_count=1.仅仅1个subpool.看来这个版本按照每个子缓冲池至少为512MB设计的.

--//参数_kghdsidx_count大小由CPU数量以及共享池大小决定的.最大不过7个.

--//我仅仅知道的原则:

--//共享子缓冲池的分配的算法很简单：

--//·每个子缓冲池必须满足一定的内存约束；

--//·每4颗CPU可以分配一个子缓冲池，最多7个。

--//本来oracle这样做为了减少shared pool,但是带来另外的问题,如果每个子池太小,反而出现ora-04031错误.于是oracle限制每个子池

--//的大小,你可以发现一些blog提到减少参数_kghdsidx_count大小,限制每个子池避免出现子池太小的情况.

--//在Oracle 9i中，每个SubPool至少128MB，在Oracle 10g中，每个子缓冲池至少为256MB,在Oracle 11g中，每个子缓冲池至少为512MB.

--//Oracle 10g会将单个缓冲池分割再细分4个子分区进行管理(这可能是因为通常4颗CPU才分配一个SubPool),

--//分别是"instance", "session", "cursor", and "execution".

--//对方安装32位系统,不能设置很大sga,受限共享内存大小600M上下,这样仅仅1个shared pool latch.

--//这样在大量硬解析的情况下,特别在分析sql语句很长时间的情况下仅仅1个shared pool latch自然很忙.

--//也就是同事看到的情况,仅仅1个CPU在忙...而且sql语句中的视图关联的表太多,导致1条sql语句消耗共享池很大,我执行前面的语句,查看

--//v$sqlarea的SHARABLE_MEM达到512K.这样大量非绑定变量语句导致许多对象退出又再进入共享池.

--//这就好比一个宾馆的前台仅仅1名接待人员一样,客户入住登记少没有问题,一旦大量客户登记入住,1个人自然忙不过来,

--//而其他人根本插不上手.有时候非常像现实工作的场景,1个忙的要死,别人根本插不上手,只能在那干等^_^.

3.突然想起我以前1个测试:

--//[20190104]sga_target 的设置和ORA-04031错误.txt => http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2305567/

--//发现一个问题,就是设置sga_target=0,如果大量语句不使用绑定变量可能存在问题.参数_kghdsidx_count=1,仅仅1个shared pool latch.

--//这样情况应该适当增加_kghdsidx_count,通过测试说明问题:

$ export ORACLE_SID=xxxx

$ cat initxxxx.ora

db_name=xxxx

instance_name=xxxx

sga_target=0

sga_max_size=20G

--//设置sga_target=0.

SYS@xxxx> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2.1379E+10 bytes

Fixed Size 2262656 bytes

Variable Size 2.1206E+10 bytes

Database Buffers 134217728 bytes

Redo Buffers 36073472 bytes

SELECT addr

,latch#

,child#

,level#

,name

,gets

,sleeps

,immediate_gets

,immediate_misses

,spin_gets

FROM V$LATCH_CHILDREN

WHERE name LIKE 'shared pool'

ORDER BY addr;

ADDR LATCH# CHILD# LEVEL# NAME GETS SLEEPS IMMEDIATE_GETS IMMEDIATE_MISSES SPIN_GETS

---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---- ---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------

000000006010F288 336 1 7 shared pool 1397 0 0 0 5

000000006010F328 336 2 7 shared pool 0 0 0 0 0

000000006010F3C8 336 3 7 shared pool 0 0 0 0 0

000000006010F468 336 4 7 shared pool 0 0 0 0 0

000000006010F508 336 5 7 shared pool 0 0 0 0 0

000000006010F5A8 336 6 7 shared pool 0 0 0 0 0

000000006010F648 336 7 7 shared pool 0 0 0 0 0

7 rows selected.

SYS@xxxx> @ hide _kghdsidx_count

old 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%&1%')

new 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%_kghdsidx_count%')

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

--------------- ------------------ ------------- ------------- ------------

_kghdsidx_count max kghdsidx count TRUE 1 1

SYS@xxxx> @ hide _enable_shared_pool_durations

old 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%&1%')

new 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%_enable_shared_pool_durations%')

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

----------------------------- -------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------

_enable_shared_pool_durations temporary to disable/enable kgh policy TRUE FALSE FALSE

--//注意_enable_shared_pool_durations参数,在sga_target=0的情况下,_enable_shared_pool_durations的缺省值等于FALSE(实际上设

--//置为true也无效,看后面测试)

--//也就是仅仅1个subpool,下面仅仅一个子子池.

SYS@xxxx> @ sgastatx.sql 'free memory'

-- All allocations:

SUBPOOL BYTES MB

------------------------------ ---------- ----------

shared pool (0 - Unused): 67108864 64

shared pool (1): 268435456 256

shared pool (Total): 335544320 320

-- Allocations matching "free memory":

old 15: AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%&1%')

new 15: AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%free memory%')

SUBPOOL NAME SUM(BYTES) MB

------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- ----------

shared pool (0 - Unused): free memory 67108864 64

shared pool (1): free memory 30813880 29.39

--//仅仅1个子池.共享内存不足的情况下会从shared pool (0 - Unused)分过来.

--//另外注意1个问题,有一些文章提示查询x$kghlu可以查询这些子缓冲池的分配,我的测试不行,当然我现在sga_target=0的情况下不存

--//在子子池的情况.

--//通过一个内部表X$KGHLU([K]ernel [G]eneric memory [H]eap manager State of [L]R[U] Of Unpinned Recreatable chunks)可以

--//查询这些子缓冲池的分配： (我的测试不行!!)

SYS@xxxx> select * from x$kghlu;

ADDR INDX INST_ID KGHLUIDX KGHLUDUR KGHLUSHRPOOL KGHLUFSH KGHLUOPS KGHLURCR KGHLUTRN KGHLUMXA KGHLUMES KGHLUMER KGHLURCN KGHLURMI KGHLURMZ KGHLURMX KGHLUNFU KGHLUNFS

---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

00007F6D32E5EFF0 0 1 1 0 1 0 64 3 43 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

--//只能通过heapdump转储获取这方面信息.

SYS@xxxx> alter session set events 'immediate trace name heapdump level 2';

Session altered.

$ grep 'sga heap' /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xxxx/xxxx/trace/xxxx_ora_43866.trc

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap" desc=0x60001190

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)" desc=0x6005c318

--//可以看出问题.仅仅1个子池,不细分子子池.也就是在sga_target=0的情况下,可能需要手工设置_kghdsidx_count的大小.

--//不然可能出现shared pool latch的争用,特别在应用没有绑定变量的情况下.

--//我个人建议sga_target=0的情况下手工设置shared_pool_size,db_cache_size.

--//或者sga_target<>0的情况下,也设置shared_pool_size,db_cache_size作为最小值,避免内存在这些组件中变换.

--//修改*._kghdsidx_count=3

$ cat initxxxx.ora

db_name=xxxx

instance_name=xxxx

#sga_target=20G

sga_target=0

sga_max_size=20G

#pre_page_sga=true

*._kghdsidx_count=3

SYS@xxxx> startup nomount

ORA-04031: unable to allocate 320032 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","KGSK scheduler","KGSK chg class latches")

--//shared_pool_size太小.仅仅320M.

--//测试增加*._kghdsidx_count=3,*.shared_pool_size=1600M,*._enable_shared_pool_durations=true的情况:

$ cat initxxxx.ora

db_name=xxxx

instance_name=xxxx

sga_target=0G

#sga_target=20G

sga_max_size=20G

#pre_page_sga=true

*._kghdsidx_count=3

*.shared_pool_size=1600M

*._enable_shared_pool_durations=true

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SYS@xxxx> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2.1379E+10 bytes

Fixed Size 2262656 bytes

Variable Size 2.1206E+10 bytes

Database Buffers 134217728 bytes

Redo Buffers 36073472 by

SYS@xxxx> @ hide _kghdsidx_count

old 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%&1%')

new 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%_kghdsidx_count%')

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

--------------- ------------------ ------------- ------------- ------------

_kghdsidx_count max kghdsidx count FALSE 3 3

SYS@xxxx> @ hide _enable_shared_pool_durations

old 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%&1%')

new 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%_enable_shared_pool_durations%')

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------

_enable_shared_pool_durations temporary to disable/enable kgh policy FALSE TRUE TRUE

SYS@xxxx> select * from x$kghlu;

ADDR INDX INST_ID KGHLUIDX KGHLUDUR KGHLUSHRPOOL KGHLUFSH KGHLUOPS KGHLURCR KGHLUTRN KGHLUMXA KGHLUMES KGHLUMER KGHLURCN KGHLURMI KGHLURMZ KGHLURMX KGHLUNFU KGHLUNFS

00007FC432A52F70 0 1 3 0 1 0 20 0 14 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007FC432A54640 1 1 2 0 1 0 9 0 7 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007FC432A53FF0 2 1 1 0 1 0 14 0 10 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

--//仅仅3个子池.看不出子子池.

SYS@xxxx> alter session set events 'immediate trace name heapdump level 2';

Session altered.

$ grep 'sga heap' /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xxxx/xxxx/trace/xxxx_ora_43949.trc

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap" desc=0x60001190

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)" desc=0x6005c318

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)" desc=0x60065be0

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,0)" desc=0x6006f4a8

--//可以发现设置即使_enable_shared_pool_durations=TRUE,在sga_target=0G的情况下也不会出现子子池的情况.

SYS@xxxx> @ sgastatx.sql 'free memory'

-- All allocations:

SUBPOOL BYTES MB

------------------------------ ---------- ----------

shared pool (0 - Unused): 1275068416 1216

shared pool (1): 134217728 128

shared pool (2): 134217728 128

shared pool (3): 134217728 128

shared pool (Total): 1677721600 1600

-- Allocations matching "free memory":

old 15: AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%&1%')

new 15: AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%free memory%')

SUBPOOL NAME SUM(BYTES) MB

------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------

shared pool (0 - Unused): free memory 1275068416 1216

shared pool (1): free memory 48797608 46.54

shared pool (2): free memory 34835672 33.22

shared pool (3): free memory 48306064 46.07

SELECT addr

,latch#

,child#

,level#

,name

,gets

,sleeps

,immediate_gets

,immediate_misses

,spin_gets

FROM V$LATCH_CHILDREN

WHERE name LIKE 'shared pool'

ORDER BY addr;

ADDR LATCH# CHILD# LEVEL# NAME GETS SLEEPS IMMEDIATE_GETS IMMEDIATE_MISSES SPIN_GETS

---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---- ---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------

000000006010F288 336 1 7 shared pool 732 0 1 0 0

000000006010F328 336 2 7 shared pool 673 0 1 0 0

000000006010F3C8 336 3 7 shared pool 903 0 1 0 1

000000006010F468 336 4 7 shared pool 1 0 0 0 0

000000006010F508 336 5 7 shared pool 1 0 0 0 0

000000006010F5A8 336 6 7 shared pool 1 0 0 0 0

000000006010F648 336 7 7 shared pool 1 0 0 0 0

7 rows selected.

--//总之,如果手工管理内存,设置sga_target=0G的情况下,适当设置_kghdsidx_count,shared_pool_size,db_cache_size值.

4.最后测试sga_target<>0的情况:

$ grep -v "^#" initxxxx.ora

db_name=xxxx

instance_name=xxxx

sga_target=20G

sga_max_size=20G

SYS@xxxx> @ hide _kghdsidx_count

old 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%&1%')

new 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%_kghdsidx_count%')

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------

_kghdsidx_count max kghdsidx count TRUE 6 6

SYS@xxxx> @ hide _enable_shared_pool_durations

old 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%&1%')

new 10: and lower(a.ksppinm) like lower('%_enable_shared_pool_durations%')

NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VALUE SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------

_enable_shared_pool_durations temporary to disable/enable kgh policy TRUE TRUE TRUE

SYS@xxxx> @ sgastatx.sql 'free memory'

-- All allocations:

SUBPOOL BYTES MB

------------------------------ ---------- ----------

shared pool (0 - Unused): 469762048 448

shared pool (1): 268435456 256

shared pool (2): 335544320 320

shared pool (3): 335544320 320

shared pool (4): 335544320 320

shared pool (5): 268435456 256

shared pool (6): 335544320 320

shared pool (Total): 2348810240 2240

8 rows selected.

-- Allocations matching "free memory":

old 15: AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%&1%')

new 15: AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%free memory%')

SUBPOOL NAME SUM(BYTES) MB

------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- ----------

shared pool (0 - Unused): free memory 469762048 448

shared pool (1): free memory 207961376 198.33

shared pool (2): free memory 224686568 214.28

shared pool (3): free memory 270474992 257.95

shared pool (4): free memory 234357448 223.5

shared pool (5): free memory 206367112 196.81

shared pool (6): free memory 239940912 228.83

7 rows selected.

SYS@xxxx> select * from x$kghlu;

SUB SSUB FLUSHED LRU LIST RECURRENT TRANSIENT RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED FREE UNPIN LAST FRUNP

ADDR INDX INST_ID POOL POOL KGHLUSHRPOOL CHUNKS OPERATIONS CHUNKS CHUNKS KGHLUMXA KGHLUMES KGHLUMER SCANS MISSES MISS SIZE MISS MAX SZ UNSUCCESS UNSUCC SIZE

00007F78519F2E48 0 1 6 0 1 0 17 0 17 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007F78519F27F8 1 1 5 0 1 0 27 0 17 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007F78519F3E60 2 1 4 0 1 0 23 0 19 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007F78519F3810 3 1 3 0 1 0 40 0 16 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007F78519F4EE0 4 1 2 0 1 0 34 0 22 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00007F78519F4890 5 1 1 0 1 0 26 0 16 2147483647 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 rows selected.

--// 看不出子子池的分配情况.

SYS@xxxx> alter session set events 'immediate trace name heapdump level 2';

Session altered.

$ egrep "sga heap|Total heap size" /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xxxx/xxxx/trace/xxxx_ora_44083.trc

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap" desc=0x60001190

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)" desc=0x6005c318

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,1)" desc=0x6005db70

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,2)" desc=0x6005f3c8

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,3)" desc=0x60060c20

Total heap size = 67108776

--// 67108776*4/1024/1024 = 255.99966430664062500000 ,接近256M.

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,0)" desc=0x60065be0

Total heap size =134217552

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,1)" desc=0x60067438

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,2)" desc=0x60068c90

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(2,3)" desc=0x6006a4e8

Total heap size = 67108776

--//(134217552+67108776+67108776+67108776)/1024/1024 = 319.99958038330078125000,接近320M.

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,0)" desc=0x6006f4a8

Total heap size =134217552

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,1)" desc=0x60070d00

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,2)" desc=0x60072558

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(3,3)" desc=0x60073db0

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(4,0)" desc=0x60078d70

Total heap size =134217552

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(4,1)" desc=0x6007a5c8

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(4,2)" desc=0x6007be20

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(4,3)" desc=0x6007d678

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(5,0)" desc=0x60082638

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(5,1)" desc=0x60083e90

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(5,2)" desc=0x600856e8

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(5,3)" desc=0x60086f40

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(6,0)" desc=0x6008bf00

Total heap size =134217552

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(6,1)" desc=0x6008d758

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(6,2)" desc=0x6008efb0

Total heap size = 67108776

HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(6,3)" desc=0x60090808

Total heap size = 67108776

--//这样可以看到每个子池有几个子子池,并且每个的大小.

总结:

--//总之注意,如果手工管理内存,设置sga_target=0G的情况下,适当设置_kghdsidx_count,shared_pool_size,db_cache_size值.避免

--//shared pool latch仅仅1个的情况.

--//我个性喜欢手工管理内存设置sga_target=sga_max_size,设置shared_pool_size,db_cache_size基本不会转换.

--//附上sgastatx.sql脚本.

$ cat sgastatx.sql

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- File name: sgastatx

-- Purpose: Show shared pool stats by sub-pool from X$KSMSS

-- Author: Tanel Poder

-- Copyright: (c) http://www.tanelpoder.com

-- Usage: @sgastatx <statistic name>

-- @sgastatx "free memory"

-- @sgastatx cursor

-- Other: The other script for querying V$SGASTAT is called sgastat.sql

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COL sgastatx_subpool HEAD SUBPOOL FOR a30

PROMPT

PROMPT -- All allocations:

SELECT

'shared pool ('||NVL(DECODE(TO_CHAR(ksmdsidx),'0','0 - Unused',ksmdsidx), 'Total')||'):' sgastatx_subpool

, SUM(ksmsslen) bytes

, ROUND(SUM(ksmsslen)/1048576,2) MB

FROM

x$ksmss

WHERE

ksmsslen > 0

--AND ksmdsidx > 0

GROUP BY ROLLUP

( ksmdsidx )

ORDER BY

sgastatx_subpool ASC

BREAK ON sgastatx_subpool SKIP 1

PROMPT -- Allocations matching "&1":

SELECT

subpool sgastatx_subpool

, name

, SUM(bytes)

, ROUND(SUM(bytes)/1048576,2) MB

FROM (

SELECT

'shared pool ('||DECODE(TO_CHAR(ksmdsidx),'0','0 - Unused',ksmdsidx)||'):' subpool

, ksmssnam name

, ksmsslen bytes

FROM

x$ksmss

WHERE

ksmsslen > 0

AND LOWER(ksmssnam) LIKE LOWER('%&1%')

)

GROUP BY

subpool

, name

ORDER BY

subpool ASC

, SUM(bytes) DESC

BREAK ON sgastatx_subpool DUP

[20190507]sga_target 的设置和ORA-04031错误2.txt