MongoDB副本集实践

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 20:04:43 发布

cuizeen198835

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-20 20:04:43 发布

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MongoDB副本集

副本集（Replica Sets）是有自动故障转移和恢复特性的主从复制

mongoDB官方已经不建议使用主从模式了，替代方案是采用副本集的模式

mongoDB官方建议最小化的副本集为Three Member Sets，一个primary和两个secondary

备份集与主从复制主要的不同：

1：该集群没有特定的主数据库

2：主节点故障（如宕机）了，集群会推选出新的节点作为主节点顶上，从而实现自动故障切换

创建三个[db|log]path

~]# mkdir /data/mongodb/node{1,2,3}

~]# mkdir /data/mongodb/logs

启动三个mongod进程

#端口分别为31234,32345,33456

#定义副本集名字,如yujx;使用--replSet选项指定

~]#mongod --fork --dbpath /data/mongodb/node1 --logpath /data/mongodb/logs/node1.log --rest --httpinterface --replSet yujx --port 31234

~]#mongod --fork --dbpath /data/mongodb/node2 --logpath /data/mongodb/logs/node2.log --rest --httpinterface --replSet yujx --port 32345

~]#mongod --fork --dbpath /data/mongodb/node3 --logpath /data/mongodb/logs/node3.log --rest --httpinterface --replSet yujx --port 33456

初始化一个Replica Set

#首先创建一个副本集配置对象

~]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo --port 31234

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.6

connecting to: 127.0.0.1:31234/test

> use admin

switched to db admin

> rsconf={

... "_id" : "yujx",

... "members" : [

... {

... "_id" : 0,

... "host" : "192.168.211.217:31234"

... }

... ]

... }

{

"_id" : "yujx",

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:31234"

}

]

}

#使用rs.initiate()进行初始化

> rs.initiate(rsconf)

{

"info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.",

"ok" : 1

}

添加其他mongodb到副本集中

#使用rs.add()将另外两个mongod添加到副本集当中

> rs.add("192.168.211.217:32345")

{ "ok" : 1 }

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.211.217:33456")

{ "ok" : 1 }

#发现31234这个mongod默认就是PRIMARY节点了

查看集群配置

#通过rs.conf()可以查看集群的配置情况

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.conf()

{

"_id" : "yujx",

"version" : 3,

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:31234"

{

"_id" : 1,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:32345"

{

"_id" : 2,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:33456"

}

]

}

查看集群状态

#通过rs.status()查看集群状态

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "yujx",

"date" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:07:50Z"),

"myState" : 1,

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"health" : 1, #1表明状态是正常，0表明异常

"state" : 1, #1表明是primary，2表明是slave

"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",

"uptime" : 2261,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"electionTime" : Timestamp(1421222174, 1),

"electionDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:56:14Z"),

"self" : true

{

"_id" : 1,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:32345",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 607,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:07:49Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:07:50Z"),

"pingMs" : 0,

"syncingTo" : "192.168.211.217:31234"

{

"_id" : 2,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:33456",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 596,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:07:50Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:07:50Z"),

"pingMs" : 0,

"syncingTo" : "192.168.211.217:31234"

}

"ok" : 1

}

故障转移测试

#把node1:31234停止，查看集群状态，发现node3变成primary角色了

yujx:SECONDARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "yujx",

"date" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:13:37Z"),

"myState" : 2,

"syncingTo" : "192.168.211.217:33456",

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"health" : 0,

"state" : 8,

"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",

"uptime" : 0,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:13:36Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:13:25Z"),

"pingMs" : 0

{

"_id" : 1,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:32345",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 2497,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"infoMessage" : "syncing to: 192.168.211.217:33456",

"self" : true

{

"_id" : 2,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:33456",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 1,

"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",

"uptime" : 943,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:13:36Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:13:36Z"),

"pingMs" : 0,

"electionTime" : Timestamp(1421223211, 1),

"electionDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:13:31Z")

}

"ok" : 1

#再启动node1,node1成为"SECONDARY"角色

yujx:SECONDARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "yujx",

"date" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:16:27Z"),

"myState" : 2,

"syncingTo" : "192.168.211.217:33456",

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 20,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421222274, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T07:57:54Z"),

"infoMessage" : "syncing to: 192.168.211.217:33456",

"self" : true

。。。。。。。

查看slave延迟

yujx:PRIMARY> db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()

source: 192.168.211.217:31234

syncedTo: Wed Jan 14 2015 15:57:54 GMT+0800 (CST)

0 secs (0 hrs) behind the primary

source: 192.168.211.217:32345

syncedTo: Wed Jan 14 2015 15:57:54 GMT+0800 (CST)

0 secs (0 hrs) behind the primary

更改优先级

#如修改node1:31234的优先级，把node1变为primary

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.conf()

yujx:PRIMARY> cfg=rs.conf();

yujx:PRIMARY> cfg.members[0].priority=10;

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg); #注:修改节点优先级需要登录Master节点运行

yujx:SECONDARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "yujx",

"date" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:51:20Z"),

"myState" : 2,

"syncingTo" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 1,

"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",

"uptime" : 11,

"optime" : Timestamp(1421225469, 1),

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:51:09Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:51:19Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:51:18Z"),

"pingMs" : 0,

"electionTime" : Timestamp(1421225470, 1),

"electionDate" : ISODate("2015-01-14T08:51:10Z")

}

添加、删除节点

Mongodb可以做到在不停机的情况下无缝增加节点。命令也很简单，两步就可以完成

1.启动新的Mongodb，并指定副本集

2.把副本集添加到"串"中

~]# mkdir /data/mongodb/node4

~]#mongod --fork --dbpath /data/mongodb/node4 --logpath /data/mongodb/logs/node4.log --rest --httpinterface --replSet yujx --port 34567

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.211.217:34567")

{ "ok" : 1 }

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.conf()

{

"_id" : "yujx",

"version" : 5,

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"priority" : 10

{

"_id" : 1,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:32345"

{

"_id" : 2,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:33456"

{

"_id" : 3,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:34567"

}

]

}

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.remove("192.168.211.217:34567")

2015-01-14T18:04:34.255+0800 DBClientCursor::init call() failed

2015-01-14T18:04:34.256+0800 Error: error doing query: failed at src/mongo/shell/query.js:81

2015-01-14T18:04:34.269+0800 trying reconnect to 127.0.0.1:31234 (127.0.0.1) failed

2015-01-14T18:04:34.269+0800 reconnect 127.0.0.1:31234 (127.0.0.1) ok

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.conf()

{

"_id" : "yujx",

"version" : 6,

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"priority" : 10

{

"_id" : 1,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:32345"

{

"_id" : 2,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:33456"

}

]

}

添加仲裁节点

仲裁节点不存储数据，只是用于投票。所以仲裁节点对于服务器负载很低。

节点一旦以仲裁者的身份加入集群，他就只能是仲裁者，无法将仲裁者配置为非仲裁者，反之也是一样。

另外一个集群最多只能使用一个仲裁者，额外的仲裁者拖累选举新Master节点的速度，同时也不能提供更好的数据安全性。

#初始化集群时，设置仲裁者的配置如下

config = { _id:"mvbox", members:[
{_id:0,host:"192.168.1.1:27017"},
{_id:1,host:"192.168.1.2:27017",arbiterOnly:true},
{_id:2,host:"192.168.1.3:27017"}]
}
使用仲裁者主要是因为MongoDB副本集需要奇数成员，而又没有足够服务器的情况。在服务器充足的情况下，不应该使用仲裁者节点。

#在线添加仲裁节点

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.addArb("192.168.211.217:34567")

{ "down" : [ "192.168.211.217:34567" ], "ok" : 1 }

yujx:PRIMARY> rs.conf()

{

"_id" : "yujx",

"version" : 9,

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"host" : "192.168.211.217:31234",

"priority" : 10