主库RAC,备库单节点ASM的dataguard搭建

易错点：
1.listener.ora & tnsnames.ora 的配置，注意写对sid_name和service_name。
2.密码文件要重新创建，并传到主备库每个节点上
准备主库：
SQL> select member from v$logfile;  
MEMBER  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo09_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo09_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo10_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo10_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo11_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo11_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo12_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo12_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo13_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo13_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo14_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo14_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo15_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo15_b.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo16_a.log  
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo16_b.log  
1.创建Standby Redo Log  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 17 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo17.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 18 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo18.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 19 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo19.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 20 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo20.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 21 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo21.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 22 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo22.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 23 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo23.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 24 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo24.log') SIZE 500M;  
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 25 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo25.log') SIZE 500M;  
用以下语句确认创建成功  
SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM gv$STANDBY_LOG;  
2.在主库上tnsnames.ora修改备库的连接串，并传到备库上  
PPM =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (LOAD_BALANCE = no)  
    (ADDRESS_LIST =  
        (LOAD_BALANCE = off)  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.155)(PORT = 1521))  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.157)(PORT = 1521))  
    )  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
      (SERVICE_NAME = ppm)  
    )  
  )  

PPM1 =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.155)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
      (SERVICE_NAME = ppm)  
      (INSTANCE_NAME = ppm1)  
    )  
  )  
PPM_standby =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.137)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
      (SERVICE_NAME = ppm)  
    )  
  )  
3.grid用户到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin(/oracle/app/grid/11.2.0/network/admin)下修改listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =  
 (SID_LIST =  
  (SID_DESC =  
   (SID_NAME = ppm)  
   (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)  
 )  
)  
LISTENER =  
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =  
 (DESCRIPTION =  
  (ADDRESS_LIST =  
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.137)(PORT = 1521)(QUEUESIZE=300))  
  )  
 )  
)  
4.修改主库的参数文件  
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;  
alter system set archive_lag_target=1200;  
alter system set fal_client='PPM';  
alter system set fal_client='PPM_standby';  
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+LOGDG/ppm/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)  db_unique_name=ppm';  
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;  
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PPM_standby ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) reopen=60 db_unique_name=ppm_standby';  
SQL> show parameter spfile; 
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE 
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ 
spfile                               string      +DATA_DG/ppm/spfileppm.ora 
SQL> create pfile from spfile; 
5.开始rman备份  
准备好脚本  
$ cat ppm.sh  
rman target / cmdfile=ppm.rcv log=ppm.log  
$ cat ppm.rcv  
run{  
allocate channel d1 type disk;  
allocate channel d2 type disk;  
setlimit channel d1 kbytes 20480000;  
setlimit channel d2 kbytes 20480000;  
backup incremental level 0 format '/mnt/ppmdg/arch_%t_%s_%U.arc' database include current controlfile for standby;  
sql "alter system archive log current";  
release channel d1;  
release channel d2;  
}  
在后台运行  
sh ppm.sh &  
耗时7小时。  

准备备库： 

1. hdisk2-6 hdisk12-16 磁盘组名：DATA_DG        hdisk11 磁盘组名：LOGDG  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  0 Oct 31 09:15 hdisk0  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  1 Nov 02 01:42 hdisk1  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  4 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk10  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  3 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk11  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  7 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk12  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 12 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk13  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  5 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk14  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 11 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk15  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 16 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk16  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  2 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk2  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  9 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk3  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 13 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk4  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 10 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk5  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 14 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk6  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  8 Dec 24 05:20 hdisk7  
brw-------    1 root     system       18, 15 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk8  
brw-------    1 root     system       18,  6 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk9  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk02 c 18  2;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk03 c 18  9;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk04 c 18 13;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk05 c 18 10;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk06 c 18 14;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk12 c 18  7;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk13 c 18 12;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk14 c 18  5;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk15 c 18 11;  
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk16 c 18 16;  
mknod /dev/orcl/logdg c 18 3;    
2. asmca有部分盘看不到，dd干净  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk2 count=100  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk3 count=100  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk4 count=100  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk5 count=100  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk6 count=100  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk11 count=100  
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk12 count=100  
再重新asmca建DATA_DG和LOGDG  
3.asmcmd进入后照着主库的目录结构创建目录  

4.修改备库的参数文件initppm.ora：  
*.fal_client='PPM_standby'  
*.fal_server='PPM'  
*.db_unique_name=ppm_standby  
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+LOGDG/ppm/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)  db_unique_name=ppm_standby'  
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PPM ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) reopen=60 db_unique_name=ppm'  
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'  
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'  
log_file_name_convert='+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a','+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a'  
5.生成spfile文件：  
create spfile='+DATA_DG/ppm/spfileppm.ora' from pfile;  
shutdown immediate;  
mv initppm.ora  initppm.ora.bak20131227  
vi initppm.ora  
spfile='+DATA_DG/ppm/spfileppm.ora'  
startup nomount  
6.在主库备控制文件  
backup device type disk format '/mnt/ppmdg/ctl%U' current controlfile for standby;     
7.然后在备库恢复  
restore standby controlfile from '/mnt/dmp/ppmdg/ctl2eot2556_1_1';    
startup mount  
8.恢复数据文件  
run {  
restore database ;  
switch datafile all;  
} 
9.等了8个小时恢完之后在主备库分别执行  
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable;  
10.并开启实时应用，看到备库没有归档文件传过来。日志报错：  
------------------------------------------------------------  
FAL[client, USER]: Error 16191 connecting to PPM for fetching gap sequence  
Sat Dec 28 07:58:43 2013  
Error 1017 received logging on to the standby  
------------------------------------------------------------  
Check that the primary and standby are using a password file  
and remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE, 
and that the SYS password is same in the password files.  
      returning error ORA-16191  
------------------------------------------------------------  
11.密码文件没统一 。在主库一节点重新生成一遍3个密码文件，并传到二节点和备库上。 重启备库。开启实时应用  
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;  
12.看到归档传ing ，最终两边查到的最大归档号一致。  切个日志两边同步。
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$log_history;  
MAX(SEQUENCE#)  
--------------  
          4787       
done

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