Spring的框架中为您提供了一个 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 的实作类别: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer。藉 由这个类别,您可以将一些组态设定,移出至.properties档案中,如此的安排可以让XML定义档负责系统相关设定,而.properties档可 以作为客户根据需求,自定义一些相关的参数。
来看一个Bean定义档的实际例子:
beans-config.xml
- <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPEbeansPUBLIC"-//SPRING/DTDBEAN/EN"
- "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- < beans >
- < bean id = "configBean"
- class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name = "location" > < value > hello.properties </ value > </ property > </ bean >
- < bean id = "helloBean" class = "onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" >
- < property name = "helloWord" >
- < value > ${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord} </ value >
- </ property >
- </ bean >
- </ beans >
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="configBean" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location"> <value>hello.properties</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord}</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
假设在helloBean中有许多依赖注入的属性,这些都是比较不常变动的属性,而其中helloWord会经常变动,可以透过hello.properties来简单的设定,而这个资讯已设定在configBean的location属性中:
hello.properties
- onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord=Welcome!
onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord=Welcome!
在helloBean的helloWord属性中,${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord}将会被hello.properties的helloWord所取代。
如果有多个.properties档案,则可以透过locations属性来设定,例如:
beans-config.xml
- <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPEbeansPUBLIC"-//SPRING/DTDBEAN/EN"
- "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
- < beans >
- < bean id = "configBean"
- class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" > < property name = "locations" >
- < list > < value > hello.properties </ value >
- < value > welcome.properties </ value >
- < value > other.properties </ value >
- </ list >
- </ property > </ bean >
- < bean id = "helloBean" class = "onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" >
- < property name = "helloWord" >
- < value > ${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord} </ value >
- </ property >
- ...
- </ bean >
- </ beans >
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="configBean" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>hello.properties</value> <value>welcome.properties</value> <value>other.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord}</value> </property> ... </bean> </beans>
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer类就是bean factory post-processor的一种,它的作用是一个资源属性的配置器,能够将BeanFactory的里定义的内容放在一个以.propertis后缀的文件中。
例如---spring-context.xml----
- < bean id = "propertyConfigurer" class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
- < property name = "locations" >
- < list >
- < value > /WEB-INF/jdbc.properties </ value >
- </ list >
- </ property >
- </ bean >
- < bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" >
- < property name = "driverClassName" > < value > ${driver} </ value > </ property >
- < property name = "url" > < value > jdbc:${dbname} </ value > </ property >
- </ bean >
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName"><value>${driver}</value></property> <property name="url"><value>jdbc:${dbname}</value></property> </bean>
而实际的jdbc.propertis文件是
jdbc.driverClassName=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
jdbc.url=jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://production:9002
jdbc.username=sa
jdbc.password=root
而jdbc.propertis是怎样引用的呢: 将上边一段配置注册在web.xml中就可以了
- < context-param >
- < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name >
- < param-value > /WEB-INF/spring-context.xml </ param-value >
- </ context-param > 当然,不要忘了spring的监听器注册
- < listener >
- < listener-class >
- org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
- </ listener-class >
- </ listener >
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-context.xml</param-value> </context-param> 当然,不要忘了spring的监听器注册 <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener>
这样,一个简单的数据源就设置完毕了。
实际上,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer起的作用就是将占位符指向的数据库配置信息放在bean中定义
的工具。