配置管理规范 配置管理计划_配置管理简介

配置管理规范 配置管理计划

介绍 (Introduction)

As a broader subject, configuration management (CM) refers to the process of systematically handling changes to a system in a way that it maintains integrity over time. Even though this process was not originated in the IT industry, the term is broadly used to refer to server configuration management.

作为更广泛的主题，配置管理(CM)指的是以系统随着时间的推移保持完整性的方式系统地处理系统更改的过程。 即使此过程并非起源于IT行业，但该术语仍广泛用于指服务器配置管理 。

Automation plays an essential role in server configuration management. It’s the mechanism used to make the server reach a desirable state, previously defined by provisioning scripts using a tool’s specific language and features. Automation is, in fact, the heart of configuration management for servers, and that’s why it’s common to also refer to configuration management tools as Automation Tools or IT Automation Tools.

自动化在服务器配置管理中起着至关重要的作用。 它是使服务器达到理想状态的机制，该机制先前是通过使用工具的特定语言和功能来配置脚本来定义的。 实际上，自动化是服务器配置管理的核心，这就是为什么通常将配置管理工具称为自动化工具或IT自动化工具的原因 。

Another common term used to describe the automation features implemented by configuration management tools is Server Orchestration or IT Orchestration, since these tools are typically capable of managing one to hundreds of servers from a central controller machine.

用于描述由配置管理工具实现的自动化功能的另一个通用术语是服务器编排或IT编排 ，因为这些工具通常能够从中央控制器计算机管理一到数百台服务器。

There are a number of configuration management tools available in the market. Puppet, Ansible, Chef and Salt are popular choices. Although each tool will have its own characteristics and work in slightly different ways, they are all driven by the same purpose: to make sure the system’s state matches the state described by your provisioning scripts.

市场上有许多配置管理工具。 木偶，Ansible，厨师和盐是受欢迎的选择。 尽管每种工具都有其自己的特性，并且工作方式略有不同，但它们都是出于相同的目的：确保系统状态与配置脚本描述的状态匹配。

服务器配置管理的好处 (Benefits of Configuration Management for Servers)

Although the use of configuration management typically requires more initial planning and effort than manual system administration, all but the simplest of server infrastructures will be improved by the benefits that it provides. To name a few:

尽管与手动系统管理相比，使用配置管理通常需要更多的初始计划和工作量，但它所提供的好处将改善除了最简单的服务器基础结构之外的所有基础结构。 仅举几例：

快速配置新服务器 (Quick Provisioning of New Servers)

Whenever a new server needs to be deployed, a configuration management tool can automate most, if not all, of the provisioning process for you. Automation makes provisioning much quicker and more efficient because it allows tedious tasks to be performed faster and more accurately than any human could. Even with proper and thorough documentation, manually deploying a web server, for instance, could take hours compared to a few minutes with configuration management/automation.

每当需要部署新服务器时，配置管理工具都可以为您自动执行大部分(如果不是全部)配置过程。 自动化使调配变得更快，更有效，因为它可以使繁琐的任务比任何人都能更快，更准确地执行。 即使有了适当而详尽的文档，例如，手动部署Web服务器也可能要花费数小时，而配置管理/自动化则要花费几分钟。

从重大事件中快速恢复 (Quick Recovery from Critical Events)

With quick provisioning comes another benefit: quick recovery from critical events. When a server goes offline due to unknown circumstances, it might take several hours to properly audit the system and find out what really happened. In scenarios like this, deploying a replacement server is usually the safest way to get your services back online while a detailed inspection is done on the affected server. With configuration management and automation, this can be done in a quick and reliable way.

快速配置带来了另一个好处：从关键事件中快速恢复。 当服务器由于未知情况而脱机时，可能需要花费几个小时才能正确审核系统并了解实际情况。 在这种情况下，部署备用服务器通常是使服务恢复在线状态的最安全方法，同时对受影响的服务器进行详细检查。 通过配置管理和自动化，可以快速可靠地完成此操作。

不再有雪花服务器 (No More Snowfl