如何在Ubuntu 20.04上安装和配置Nextcloud

介绍 (Introduction)

Nextcloud, a fork of ownCloud, is a file sharing server that permits you to store your personal content, like documents and pictures, in a centralized location, much like Dropbox. The difference with Nextcloud is that all of its features are open-source. It also returns the control and security of your sensitive data back to you, thus eliminating the use of a third-party cloud hosting service.

Nextcloud是ownCloud的分支，是一个文件共享服务器，允许您将个人内容(如文档和图片)存储在集中的位置，就像Dropbox一样。 Nextcloud的不同之处在于其所有功能都是开源的。 它还将对敏感数据的控制和安全返回给您，从而消除了使用第三方云托管服务的麻烦。

In this tutorial, we will install and configure a Nextcloud instance on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

在本教程中，我们将在Ubuntu 20.04服务器上安装和配置Nextcloud实例。

先决条件 (Prerequisites)

In order to complete the steps in this guide, you will need the following:

为了完成本指南中的步骤，您将需要以下内容：

• A non-root** sudo-enabled user and firewall configured on your server**: You can create a user with sudo privileges and set up a basic firewall by following the Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 20.04.

  在服务器上配置了非 root用户的启用sudo的用户和防火墙**：您可以按照Ubuntu 20.04的初始服务器设置，创建具有sudo特权的用户并设置基本防火墙。

• (Optional) A domain name pointed to your server: We will be securing connections to the Nextcloud installation with TLS/SSL. Nextcloud can set up and manage a free, trusted SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt if your server has a domain name. If not, Nextcloud can set up a self-signed SSL certificate that can encrypt connections, but won’t be trusted by default in web browsers. If you are using DigitalOcean, you can read our DNS documentation to learn how to add domains to your account and manage DNS records, if you intend to use Let’s Encrypt.

  (可选)指向您服务器的域名 ：我们将使用TLS / SSL保护与Nextcloud安装的连接。 如果您的服务器具有域名，则Nextcloud可以从Let's Encrypt设置和管理免费的受信任SSL证书。 否则，Nextcloud可以设置一个自签名SSL证书，该证书可以加密连接，但默认情况下不会在Web浏览器中被信任。 如果您使用的是DigitalOcean，并且打算使用“加密”，则可以阅读我们的DNS文档，以了解如何向您的帐户添加域并管理DNS记录。

Once you have completed the above steps, continue on to learn how to set up Nextcloud on your server.

完成上述步骤后，继续学习如何在服务器上设置Nextcloud。

步骤1 –安装Nextcloud (Step 1 – Installing Nextcloud)

We will be installing Nextcloud using the Snap packaging system. This packaging system, available on Ubuntu 20.04 by default, allows organizations to ship software, along with all associated dependencies and configuration, in a self-contained unit with automatic updates. This means that instead of installing and configuring a web and database server and then configuring the Nextcloud app to run on it, we can install the snap package which handles the underlying systems automatically.

我们将使用Snap打包系统安装Nextcloud。 这个打包系统默认在Ubuntu 20.04上可用，它允许组织将软件以及所有相关的依赖项和配置一起发送到具有自动更新功能的独立单元中。 这意味着我们可以安装自动处理基础系统的snap软件包，而不是安装和配置Web和数据库服务器，然后配置Nextcloud应用程序以在其上运行。

To download the Nextcloud snap package and install it on the system, type:

要下载Nextcloud snap软件包并将其安装在系统上，请键入：