开源软件的未来_开源：未来的教科书

开源软件的未来

In America, where I live, and across much of the northern hemisphere, kids are heading back to school. I’m no longer in school, but everyone in my family save for me works in one. One of the biggest issues facing schools today is how to keep textbooks up to date in a cost effective manner, and make them more manageable and affordable for students. K-12 science textbooks, for example, published before August 24, 2006 likely talk about the 9 planets in our solar system. Except two years ago, the science world decided that there were just 8 planets.

在我居住的美国以及北半球的大部分地区，孩子们正在回到学校。 我不再上学了，但是除了我以外，我家中的每个人都合而为一。 当今学校面临的最大问题之一是如何以具有成本效益的方式使教科书保持最新状态，并使教科书对学生而言更易于管理和负担得起。 例如，2006年8月24日之前出版的K-12科学教科书很可能谈论了我们太阳系中的9个行星。 除了两年前，科学界认为只有8颗行星。

How does a school system cost effectively update all those text books? “The problem with our textbooks is that their granularity is simply too large. It only takes one paragraph to be wrong, for the whole book to have to be reprinted,” says the non-profit CK-12 Foundation. And it can take anywhere from 1 to 6 years for school systems to update those textbooks.

学校系统如何有效地更新所有这些教科书？ “我们教科书的问题在于它们的粒度太大。 非营利性CK-12基金会说：“只需要写一个段落就可以了，因为整本书都必须重新印刷。” 学校系统更新这些教科书可能需要1到6年的时间。

The solution, according to Jane Park at Creative Commons, is open textbooks. Park calls open source, collaboratively created textbooks, the “textbook of the next generation.”

根据Creative Commons的Jane Park的说法，解决方案是开放式教科书 。 Park将开源，协作创建的教科书称为“下一代教科书”。

CK-12 has their own open source textbook site, Flexbooks, in which all materials are CC BY-SA licensed. The Wikimedia Foundation has operated the Wikibooks site for five years, which now has 31,000 plus pages of free and remixable course materials available. In fact, there are a large number of open textbook projects underway. Esther Wojcicki published a good overview of many of them last April for the Huffington Post.

CK-12有自己的开放源代码的教科书网站Flexbooks ，其中的所有材料均已获得CC BY-SA许可。 维基媒体基金会已经运营了Wikibooks站点五年，现在已有31,000多个页面，提供免费和可重新混合的课程材料。 实际上，正在进行大量开放式教科书项目。 Esther Wojcicki于去年四月为《赫芬顿邮报》(Huffington Post)发表了一篇很好的综述 。

Open textbooks have been endorsed by a recent study from a handful of Student Public Interest Research Groups entitled, Course Correction: How Digital Textbooks are Off Track and How to Set Them Straight. “Open textbooks are the right way to take advantage of the benefits of digital textbooks, so faculty and institutions should do everything they can to bring more open textbooks onto the market,” advises the report. “For faculty, this means giving preference to open textbooks whenever pedagogically appropriate. For institutions, this means providing incentives to faculty authors and pooling resources to develop a viable infrastructure to support open textbooks.”

少数学生公共利益研究小组最近进行的一项研究认可了开放式教科书，该研究题为“ 课程修正：数字教科书是如何偏离轨道的，如何使它们正确设置” 。 报告指出：“开放式教科书是利用数字式教科书的好处的正确方法，因此，教职员工应尽一切努力将更多开放式教科书推向市场。” “对于教师而言，这意味着在教学上适当时应优先选择开放的教科书。 对于机构而言，这意味着激励教师作者，并集中资源以发展可行的基础设施来支持开放式教科书。”

Creating free, cheap, or open source education materials for students only solves half the problem, though. Distribution is an equally important issue. We talked about a solution for that a couple of weeks ago, when we wondered if digital textbooks would work for students. Pairing a low-cost, durable eBook reader (and costs are continually dropping in that area — Chinese computer maker demoed a $98 subnotebook this week, for example), with open textbooks would be great for students.

但是，为学生创建免费，廉价或开源的教学材料只能解决一半的问题。 发行是一个同样重要的问题。 几周前，当我们想知道数字教科书是否适用于学生时，我们讨论了一个解决方案。 将低成本，耐用的电子书阅读器配对(并且该领域的成本不断下降-例如，中国电脑制造商本周演示了售价为98美元的子笔记本 )和开放式教科书，对学生来说非常有用。

翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/open-source-the-textbooks-of-the-future/

开源软件的未来