为什么Microsoft Word在使用时会创建两个副本？

While you may not think about or realize it, Microsoft Word creates a second copy of any documents you have open and are working on. But why does Microsoft Word do this? Today’s SuperUser Q&A post has the answers to a curious reader’s question about this behavior.

尽管您可能没有考虑或意识到它，但是Microsoft Word会创建您打开并正在处理的所有文档的第二个副本。 但是，为什么Microsoft Word会这样做？ 今天的“超级用户问答”帖子解答了一个好奇的读者关于此行为的问题。

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader JBurnham wants to know why Microsoft Word creates two copies while in use:

超级用户读者JBurnham想知道为什么Microsoft Word在使用时会创建两个副本：

Why does Microsoft Word create another copy of the same file, but hidden, while in use? And why does the file created while a document is open always have “~$” replacing the first 2 letters of the file name?

为什么Microsoft Word在使用时会创建相同文件的另一个副本，但是却隐藏了？ 为什么打开文档时创建的文件总是用“〜$”替换文件名的前2个字母？

For example:

例如：

Why does Microsoft Word create a second copy? And what is up with the “~$” in the secondary file’s name?

为什么Microsoft Word创建第二个副本？ 辅助文件名中的“〜$”怎么办？

答案 (The Answer)

SuperUser contributors Matthew Williams and Frank Thomas have the answer for us. First up, Matthew Williams:

超级用户贡献者Matthew Williams和Frank Thomas为我们提供了答案。 首先，Matthew Williams：

The file you refer to is a temporary file which serves a number of purposes. From Microsoft themselves:

您引用的文件是一个临时文件，有多种用途。 来自微软本身：

Quoted Text: A temporary file is a file that is created to temporarily store information in order to free memory for other purposes, or to act as a safety net to prevent data loss when a program performs certain functions. For example, Word determines automatically where and when it needs to create temporary files. The temporary files only exist during the current session of Word. When Word is shut down in a normal fashion, all temporary files are first closed and then deleted.

带引号的文本： 临时文件是一种文件，用于临时存储信息以释放内存以用于其他目的，或充当安全网以防止程序执行某些功能时丢失数据。 例如，Word自动确定需要在何时何地创建临时文件。 临时文件仅在Word的当前会话期间存在。 以正常方式关闭Word时，所有临时文件都会先关闭然后删除。

Speed

速度

Going on from this, these temporary files help improve speed. If your system is struggling with having enough memory, Word will help it along by shifting non used functionality from memory to disk in the form of a temporary file.

从这开始，这些临时文件有助于提高速度。 如果您的系统正在努力拥有足够的内存，Word将通过以临时文件的形式将未使用的功能从内存转移到磁盘来帮助您。

Integrity

廉洁

In order to ensure the integrity of your file in the event of a system error, information is written to the temporary file, then on to the original file. Should you have any error occur, it can be restricted/recovered from temporary files rather than your core file.

为了在发生系统错误的情况下确保文件的完整性，信息将写入临时文件，然后写入原始文件。 如果发生任何错误，可以从临时文件(而不是核心文件)进行限制/恢复。

Locked Files

锁定文件

Quoted Text: When you open a file that is locked, either because it is open in another window of Word or because another user on the network has it open, you can work with a copy of the file. Word places this copy in the Windows Temp directory. Likewise, if a template attached to a document is locked, Word automatically makes a copy of the template in the Temp directory. The copy of a locked file does not automatically update the original owner’s file.

带引号的文本： 当您打开一个被锁定的文件时，要么是因为它在Word的另一个窗口中打开，要么是由于网络上的另一个用户打开了该文件，因此您可以使用该文件的副本。 Word将此副本放置在Windows Temp目录中。 同样，如果附加到文档的模板被锁定，Word会自动在Temp目录中复制该模板。 锁定文件的副本不会自动更新原始所有者的文件。

Owner File ~$ (Same Directory as Source File)

所有者文件〜$(目录与源文件相同)

Quoted Text: When a previously saved file is opened for editing, for printing, or for review, Word creates a temporary file that has a .doc file name extension. This file name extension begins with a tilde (~) that is followed by a dollar sign ($) that is followed by the remainder of the original file name. This temporary file holds the logon name of the person who opens the file. This temporary file is called the “owner file”.

带引号的文本： 打开以前保存的文件进行编辑，打印或查看时，Word将创建一个扩展名为.doc的临时文件。 此文件扩展名以波浪号(〜)开头，后跟一个美元符号($)，后跟原始文件名的其余部分。 此临时文件包含打开文件的人的登录名。 该临时文件称为“所有者文件”。

Source – Description of how Word creates temporary files [Microsoft]

来源– Word如何创建临时文件的说明 [Microsoft]

Final note from Matthew: This is a sizable topic. I have provided a number of examples on this file’s usage, but please use the source provided for a detailed list of reasons from Microsoft. I do not want to copy/paste the entire page here.

马修的最后注解： 这是一个相当大的话题。 我提供了有关此文件用法的许多示例，但是请使用提供的源，以获得Microsoft提供的详细原因列表。 我不想在此处复制/粘贴整个页面。

Followed by the answer from Frank Thomas:

随后是弗兰克·托马斯(Frank Thomas)的回答：

Primarily because of the Auto-save features. If you do not tell a document to save your changes, do you expect it to save over the original with no command to, or warning that it will happen? It also allows your changes to be recovered if Word crashes and you have not saved for 2 hours. By default, there will be a 10 minute old version of your changes that can be recovered.

主要是因为具有自动保存功能。 如果您不告诉文档保存更改，您是否希望它在没有命令的情况下保存在原始文档之上，或者警告说它将发生？ 如果Word崩溃并且您没有保存2个小时，它还允许恢复所做的更改。 默认情况下，您的更改将有10分钟的旧版本可以恢复。

On a more basic level, it allows one user to open a file on a share and read it while another user has it open for modification, though if multiple users are editing it, last-in-wins.

从更基本的层面上讲，它允许一个用户打开共享中的文件并读取文件，而另一用户打开该文件进行修改，尽管如果有多个用户在编辑它，则以后者为准。

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Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

有什么补充说明吗？ 在评论中听起来不错。 是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？ 在此处查看完整的讨论线程 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/186204/why-does-microsoft-word-create-two-copies-while-in-use/