局域网lan_什么是局域网（LAN）？

局域网lan

Put simply, a Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computers and other devices that are connected together over a network and are all in the same location—typically within a single building like an office or home. But, let’s take a closer look.

简而言之，局域网(LAN)是一组计算机和其他设备，这些计算机和其他设备通过网络连接在一起，并且都位于同一位置(通常位于办公室或家庭之类的单个建筑物内)。 但是，让我们仔细看看。

什么是局域网？ (What is a LAN?)

So we know two things about a LAN just from from the name “Local Area Network”—the devices on them are networked and they’re local. And it’s that local part that really defines a LAN and distinguishes it from other types of networks like Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs).

因此，仅从名称“局域网”就知道LAN的两件事-它们上的设备已联网并且它们是本地的。 真正定义局域网并将其与其他类型的网络(如广域网(WAN)和城域网(MAN))区分开的是本地部分。

LANs are typically confined within a small area—usually one building, but that’s not a firm requirement. That area might be your home or small business, and it could contain just a few devices. It might also be a much larger area, like an entire office building that contains hundreds or thousands of devices.

局域网通常被限制在一个很小的区域内(通常是一栋大楼)，但这并不是一个严格的要求。 该区域可能是您的家庭或小型企业，并且可能仅包含一些设备。 它也可能是更大的区域，例如包含数百或数千个设备的整个办公大楼。

But regardless of size, the single defining characteristic of a LAN is that it connects devices that are in a single, limited area.

但是，无论大小，LAN的唯一定义特征是它连接位于单个有限区域内的设备。

The advantages of using a LAN are the same advantages as having any devices networked together. Those devices can share a single internet connection, share files with one another, print to shared printers, and so on.

使用LAN的优点与将任何设备联网在一起的优点相同。 这些设备可以共享一个Internet连接，彼此共享文件，打印到共享打印机等等。

On bigger LANs, you’ll also find dedicated servers that host services like global user directories, email, and access to other shared company resources.

在较大的LAN上，您还会找到专用服务器，这些服务器承载诸如全局用户目录，电子邮件以及对其他共享公司资源的访问之类的服务。

局域网中使用哪些技术？ (What Kinds of Technology Are Used in a LAN?)

The types of technology used in a LAN is really dependent on the number of devices and the services provided on the network. The two basic connection types used on modern LANs—no matter the size—are Ethernet cables and Wi-Fi.

LAN中使用的技术类型实际上取决于网络上提供的设备数量和服务。 无论大小如何，现代LAN上使用的两种基本连接类型是以太网电缆和Wi-Fi 。

On a typical home or small office LAN, you might find a modem that provides an internet connection (and a basic firewall against intrusion from the internet), a router that lets other devices share that connection and connect to one another, and a Wi-Fi access point that lets devices access the network wirelessly. Sometimes, those functions are combined into a single device. For example, many ISPs provide a combination unit that serves as a modem, router, and wireless access point. Sometimes, you might also find devices called switches that let you split up a single Ethernet connection into multiple connection points.

在典型的家庭或小型办公室LAN上，您可能会找到提供Internet连接的调制解调器(以及用于阻止来自 Internet入侵的基本防火墙)，使其他设备共享该连接并相互连接的路由器以及Wi- Fi接入点，使设备可以无线访问网络。 有时，这些功能会组合到一个设备中。 例如，许多ISP提供了一个组合单元，用作调制解调器，路由器和无线访问点 。 有时，您可能还会发现称为交换机的设备，这些设备可让您将单个以太网连接拆分为多个连接点。

On bigger LANs, you’ll typically find the same kinds of networking gear, just on a much bigger scale—both in terms of how many devices are used and how powerful they are. Professional routers and switches, for example, might service many more simultaneous connections than their home counterpoints do, provide more robust security and monitoring options, and allow a good bit more customization. Professional level Wi-Fi access points often allow management of many devices from a single interface, and provide better access control.

在更大的LAN上，通常会发现规模更大得多的相同类型的网络设备-无论是使用多少设备还是功能强大。 例如，专业路由器和交换机可能比其本地对等点提供更多的同时连接服务，提供更强大的安全性和监视选项，并允许更多的自定义。 专业级Wi-Fi接入点通常允许从单个界面管理许多设备，并提供更好的访问控制。

那么，什么是WAN和MAN？ (So, What Are WANs and MANs?)

Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) are actually pretty similar. You’ll even see the term Campus Area Networks (CANs) popping up occasionally. They are all somewhat overlapping terms, and nobody really agrees on a firm distinction. Essentially, they are networks that connect together multiple LANs.

广域网(WAN)和城域网(MAN)实际上非常相似。 您甚至会偶尔看到“校园网(CAN)”一词。 它们都是有些重叠的术语，没有人真正同意严格的区分。 本质上，它们是将多个LAN连接在一起的网络。

For people who do make the distinction, a MAN is a network made up of multiple LANs that are connected together via high speed networks and are all contained within the same city or metropolitan area. A WAN is also made up of multiple LANs, but spans an area greater than a single city and may be connected by different types of technologies, including the internet. And a CAN, of course, is a network made up of multiple LANs that spans a school campus.

对于确实做到这一点的人来说，MAN是由多个LAN组成的网络，这些LAN通过高速网络连接在一起，并且全部包含在同一城市或大都市区域内。 WAN也由多个LAN组成，但是所覆盖的区域大于单个城市，并且可以通过不同类型的技术(包括Internet)进行连接。 当然，CAN是由跨越整个校园的多个LAN组成的网络。

Really, though, if you want to just think of all of them as WANs, it’s okay with us.

但是，确实，如果您只想将它​​们全部视为WAN，那么我们可以接受。

For a classic example of a WAN, think of a company that has branches in three different locations across the country (or the world). Each location has its own LAN. Those LANs are connected together as part of the same overall network. Maybe they’re connected via dedicated, private connections, or maybe they’re connected together over the internet. The point is that the connection between the LANs is not considered as speedy, reliable, or secure as the connections between devices on the same LAN.

对于WAN的经典示例，想想一家在全国(或世界)三个不同位置设有分支机构的公司。 每个位置都有自己的局域网。 这些LAN作为同一整体网络的一部分连接在一起。 也许它们是通过专用的专用连接连接的，或者它们是通过Internet连接在一起的。 关键是，局域网之间的连接不像同一个局域网中的设备之间的连接那样被认为是快速，可靠或安全的。

In fact, the internet itself is just the worlds biggest WAN, connecting together many thousands of LANs across the world.

实际上，互联网本身就是世界上最大的WAN，将全球成千上万的LAN连接在一起。

Image Credit: Afif Abd. Halim/Shutterstock and trainman111/Shutterstock

图片来源： Afif Abd。 哈利姆 /快门和火车司机111 /快门

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/353283/what-is-a-local-area-network-lan/

局域网lan