虚拟机管理程序未运行_什么是虚拟机管理程序？

虚拟机管理程序未运行

Hypervisors are what make virtual machines possible, and they aren’t just for servers anymore. You probably use one every day and don’t even know it. If you don’t use one now, you will in the near future.

虚拟机管理程序使虚拟机成为可能，它们不再仅用于服务器。 您可能每天都使用一个，甚至都不知道。 如果您现在不使用它，那么您将在不久的将来使用。

A hypervisor is software that exists outside of a guest operating system to intercept the commands sent to the computer hardware. The term “hypervisor” comes from the different levels of an operating systems kernel; it performs actions with more authority than the “supervisor” level, hence, hyper-visor.

系统管理程序是存在于来宾操作系统之外的软件，用于拦截发送到计算机硬件的命令。 术语“管理程序”来自操作系统内核的不同级别。 它执行的动作比“主管”级别具有更多的权限，因此是“ 超级管理员”。

Image via striatic on Flickr

图片来自Flickr上的striatic

虚拟机监控程序基础 (Hypervisor Basics)

A hypervisor is also known as a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) and its sole purpose is to allow multiple “machines” to share a single hardware platform. Operating systems are designed so that they have a one-to-one relationship with the hardware they are running on, but with multi-core, multi-threaded processors and ludicrous amounts of RAM, running multiple at once is a breeze.

管理程序也称为虚拟机管理器(VMM)，其唯一目的是允许多个“计算机”共享一个硬件平台。 操作系统的设计使其与运行的硬件具有一对一的关系，但是具有多核，多线程的处理器和数量可观的RAM，一次轻松运行多个就很容易了。

The hypervisor separates the operating system (OS) from the hardware by taking the responsibility of allowing each running OS time with the underlying hardware. It acts as a traffic cop to allow time to use the CPU, memory, GPU, and other hardware. Each operating system controlled by the hypervisor is called a guest OS, and the hypervisor’s operating system, if any, is called the host OS. Because it stands between the guest OS and hardware you can have as many different guest OSs as your system can handle; you can even have different types (e.g. Windows, OS X, Linux).

系统管理程序负责通过允许每个运行的OS与基础硬件保持时间来将操作系统(OS)与硬件分离。 它充当交通警察，以留出时间使用CPU，内存，GPU和其他硬件。 系统管理程序控制的每个操作系统都称为来宾OS，系统管理程序的操作系统(如果有)称为主机OS。 因为它位于来宾操作系统和硬件之间，所以您可以拥有系统可以处理的尽可能多的不同来宾操作系统。 您甚至可以使用不同的类型(例如Windows，OS X，Linux)。

Separating hardware and software turns out to be good for portability as well. Because the hypervisor acts as the go-between, it is much easier to move from computer to computer without needing to install new drivers or update your guest OS. You may have noticed this if you took your Virtualbox VMs and put them on a different computer. To the guest OS, there is no noticeable change ever though the host OS and hardware could be completely different.

事实证明，将硬件和软件分开也有利于可移植性。 由于虚拟机管理程序是两者之间的过渡，因此无需安装新的驱动程序或更新来宾OS即可轻松地在计算机之间移动。 如果您将Virtualbox VM放在另一台计算机上，则可能已经注意到这一点。 对于来宾操作系统，尽管主机操作系统和硬件可能完全不同，但没有明显的变化。

Another major benefit of virtualizing an OS is security. If you want to test software that may be harmful to your computer it is recommended to test it in a virtual machine rather than your host OS. If the guest OS becomes infected and riddled with viruses, it will not affect the files on the host OS, unless shared folders or a network bridge connect the two. The two operating systems exist completely separated from each other and have no knowledge of each others existence, which makes for safe computing.

虚拟化操作系统的另一个主要好处是安全性。 如果要测试可能对计算机有害的软件，建议在虚拟机而不是主机操作系统中进行测试。 如果来宾操作系统感染并充满病毒，除非共享文件夹或网桥将两者连接，否则它将不会影响主机操作系统上的文件。 这两个操作系统彼此完全分开存在，并且彼此之间不存在任何知识，因此可以安全地进行计算。

Some popular hypervisors are VMware ESXi, Xen, Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware Workstation, Oracle Virtualbox, and Microsoft VirtualPC. All of these allow a user to virtualize one or more operating systems on a single piece of hardware.

一些流行的虚拟机管理程序是VMware ESXi，Xen，Microsoft Hyper-V，VMware Workstation，Oracle Virtualbox和Microsoft VirtualPC。 所有这些使用户可以在单个硬件上虚拟化一个或多个操作系统。

不同的虚拟机监控程序类型 (Different Hypervisor Types)

Hypervisors can be broken up in two major types:

系统管理程序可以分为两种主要类型：

• Type 1, a.k.a. bare metal, is a hypervisor that installs directly onto a computer. There is no host OS and the hypervisor has direct access to all hardware and features. The main reasons to install a type 1 hypervisor is to run multiple operating systems on the same computer without the overhead of a host OS or to take advantage of the portability and hardware abstraction. Bare metal is most often used for servers because of their security and portability to move from hardware to hardware in case of a crash. Good examples of type 1 hypervisors are VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, and Microsoft Hyper-V.

  类型1 (又名裸机)是一种可直接安装到计算机上的管理程序。 没有主机操作系统，管理程序可以直接访问所有硬件和功能。 安装类型1虚拟机管理程序的主要原因是在同一台计算机上运行多个操作系统而没有主机OS的开销，或者利用了可移植性和硬件抽象。 裸机最常用于服务器，因为它们的安全性和可移植性可在发生故障时从一个硬件转移到另一个硬件。 类型1虚拟机管理程序的好例子是VMware ESXi，Citrix XenServer和Microsoft Hyper-V。

• Type 2, a.k.a. hosted, is what most people are probably familiar with when it comes to virtualizing operating systems. Hosted hypervisors require a host OS and are often treated as installed software inside the host. Type 2 can still run multiple operating systems at a time, but it doesn’t have direct access to the hardware and therefore has more overhead when running a guest. This means that the guest OS will not run at its full potential and if your host crashes, you won’t have access to your guests either. Type 2 hypervisors are the ideal way to go when you need to test multiple operating systems within Windows, OS X, or Linux. Good examples are VMWare Workstation, VMware Parallels, Oracle Virtualbox, and Microsoft VirtualPC.

  类型2 (又名托管)是大多数人在虚拟化操作系统时所熟悉的。 托管的虚拟机管理程序需要主机OS，通常被视为主机内的已安装软件。 Type 2仍然可以一次运行多个操作系统，但是它不能直接访问硬件，因此在运行guest虚拟机时会有更多开销。 这意味着来宾操作系统将无法充分发挥作用，并且如果主机崩溃，您也将无法访问来宾。 当您需要在Windows，OS X或Linux中测试多个操作系统时，Type 2虚拟机管理程序是理想的选择。 VMWare工作站，VMware Parallels，Oracle Virtualbox和Microsoft VirtualPC是很好的例子。

未来的管理程序 (Hypervisors of the Future)

Most hypervisors today are either used for large scale server deployments or for end users to run legacy apps or try out a different operating system. There has already been some change to this thinking however with current versions of Android and rumors of Windows 8.

如今，大多数管理程序都用于大型服务器部署，或者供最终用户运行旧版应用程序或试用其他操作系统。 但是，对于当前版本的Android和谣言Windows 8，这种想法已经发生了一些变化。

Android uses a Linux kernel for interaction with hardware and background services, and then uses a virtual machine called Dalvik to run software that the user interacts with. Despite not allowing a user to run multiple operating systems at once, Android is very similar to a type 1 hypervisor. The underlying Linux host is completely transparent to the end user, unless you root your phone and want to interact with it.

Android使用Linux内核与硬件和后台服务进行交互，然后使用称为Dalvik的虚拟机来运行与用户交互的软件。 尽管不允许用户一次运​​行多个操作系统，但Android与类型1虚拟机管理程序非常相似。 底层Linux主机对最终用户是完全透明的，除非您将手机挂起并想要与之交互。

Windows 8 is rumored to run entirely as a guest OS on top of Microsoft’s Hyper-V. Hyper-V will take the responsibility of managing your hardware and doing background tasks such as backups and file system checks. Similar to Android, this would allow you to have better portability, flexibility, and security within your OS. Not to mention, it would make your Windows 8 installation completely portable so you can take it with you from computer to computer.

有传言称，Windows 8完全可以在Microsoft Hyper-V之上作为来宾操作系统运行。 Hyper-V将负责管理硬件并执行后台任务，例如备份和文件系统检查。 与Android类似，这将使您在OS内具有更好的可移植性，灵活性和安全性。 更不用说，这将使您的Windows 8安装完全可移植，因此您可以随计算机随身携带。

Web servers will continue to take advantage of hypervisors to maximize their hardware utilization and keep costs down. If you have shared web hosting through a popular web host you most likely are on a type 1 hypervisor already and didn’t know it. With good server hardware, bare metal hypervisors can push the boundaries from typically just having one operating system installed, to literally thousands available. This not only saves money when it comes to buying hardware, but also cooling and power are reduced to a small fraction what it used to be to run the same amount of machines.

Web服务器将继续利用虚拟机管理程序来最大化其硬件利用率并降低成本。 如果您通过受欢迎的虚拟主机托管了共享虚拟主机，则很可能已经在类型1虚拟机监控程序上，并且不知道。 借助良好的服务器硬件，裸机管理程序可以将界限从通常仅安装一个操作系统的范围扩展到几乎数千个可用范围。 这不仅可以节省购买硬件的费用，而且可以将冷却和功耗降低到以前运行相同数量机器的一小部分。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/66734/htg-explains-what-is-a-hypervisor/

虚拟机管理程序未运行