debian ubuntu_显示Ubuntu或Debian上已安装软件包的列表

debian ubuntu

While working on the instructions for compiling MonoDevelop from source, I relied heavily on the dpkg and apt-cache commands to tell me what was already installed vs what packages were available in the repository. After completing that article it occurred to me that I should explain how to show what packages are currently installed… so here we are.

在处理从源代码编译MonoDevelop的说明时，我严重依赖dpkg和apt-cache命令来告诉我已经安装了什么以及资源库中提供了哪些软件包。 完成该文章后，我想到应该解释如何显示当前安装了哪些软件包……就在这里。

The command we need to use is dpkg –get-selections, which will give us a list of all the currently installed packages.

我们需要使用的命令是dpkg –get-selections，它将为我们提供所有当前已安装软件包的列表。

$ dpkg --get-selections
adduser                                         install
alsa-base                                       install
alsa-utils                                      install
apache2                                         install
apache2-mpm-prefork                             install
apache2-utils                                   install
apache2.2-common                                install
apt                                             install
apt-utils                                       install

$ dpkg --get-selections
adduser                                         install
alsa-base                                       install
alsa-utils                                      install
apache2                                         install
apache2-mpm-prefork                             install
apache2-utils                                   install
apache2.2-common                                install
apt                                             install
apt-utils                                       install

The full list can be long and unwieldy, so it’s much easier to filter through grep to get results for the exact package you need. For instance, I wanted to see which php packages I had already installed through apt-get:

完整的列表可能很长而且很笨拙，因此通过grep筛选以获取所需的确切软件包的结果要容易得多。 例如，我想看看我已经通过apt-get安装了哪些php软件包：

dpkg --get-selections | grep php

libapache2-mod-php5                             install
php-db                                          install
php-pear                                        install
php-sqlite3                                     install
php5                                            install
php5-cli                                        install
php5-common                                     install
php5-gd                                         install
php5-memcache                                   install
php5-mysql                                      install
php5-sqlite                                     install
php5-sqlite3                                    install
php5-xsl                                        install

libapache2-mod-php5                             install
php-db                                          install
php-pear                                        install
php-sqlite3                                     install
php5                                            install
php5-cli                                        install
php5-common                                     install
php5-gd                                         install
php5-memcache                                   install
php5-mysql                                      install
php5-sqlite                                     install
php5-sqlite3                                    install
php5-xsl                                        install

For extra credit, you can find the locations of the files within a package from the list by using the dpkg -L command, such as:

为了获得更多的荣誉，您可以使用dpkg -L命令从列表中找到文件包中文件的位置，例如：

dpkg -L php5-gd
/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/php5
/usr/lib/php5/20060613
/usr/lib/php5/20060613/gd.so
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/etc
/etc/php5
/etc/php5/conf.d
/etc/php5/conf.d/gd.ini
/usr/share/doc/php5-gd

Now I can take a look at the gd.ini file and change some settings around…

现在，我可以看一下gd.ini文件并更改一些设置...

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/linux/show-the-list-of-installed-packages-on-ubuntu-or-debian/

debian ubuntu