clonezilla使用
March 31st, 2011 is “World Backup Day”—celebrate it by using free software Clonezilla to clone an exact copy of your OS system disk, regardless if you use Windows, Mac OS, or Linux!
2011年3月31日是“世界备份日”，无论您使用Windows，Mac OS还是Linux，都可以使用免费软件Clonezilla对其操作系统系统磁盘的精确副本进行复制来庆祝！
In the event of tragic hardware failure, a backup image or completely cloned disk can save you from loads of worry, and get you back on your feet effortlessly. Get in the spirit of the day—keep reading to see how to resurrect that machine with bootable copy of your OS.
万一发生悲剧性的硬件故障，备份映像或完全克隆的磁盘可以使您免除繁重的工作，并轻松地站起来。 振作精神—继续阅读，以了解如何使用操作系统的可启动副本来恢复该计算机。
克隆磁盘所需的内容 (What You’ll Need to Clone Your Disk)
| A copy of Clonezilla Live CD or a CD-R to burn it on. If you find CD-Rs old fashioned, you can also put the Live Environment on a USB flash drive. You can go directly and download Clonezilla now, or jump ahead to the directions for which version to download and burn. If you’ve ever heard of Norton Ghost, Clonezilla is an excellent, feature rich alternative available for free download. Clonezilla can copy data, partitions, bootloaders, and system information—creating a copy so accurate your computer won’t know the cloned disk from the original. |
| A spare internal hard disk to clone your existing system disk on. One of Clonezilla’s listed “Limitations” is that the target disk must be equal size or larger than the source, so make sure that the drive (or partition) you’re cloning is smaller than the drive you’re cloning it to. Make sure your spare disk is one you can install in your computer before cloning, or you’ll find yourself cloning it again and again, which can be time consuming. Don’t bother formatting the drive, either, as Clonezilla will retain the formats and partitions of any drive you clone. | |
| An external USB hard drive enclosure to use to write your disk clone to. You can work from one internally installed drive to another, but this involves a lot opening up your machine and installing a second drive, when a USB enclosure does it in seconds.(Author’s note: USB HDD enclosures have saved me from more that one mishap, including one with a drive that only started up one time out of twenty. The enclosure made it much easier to restart, restart, restart and then clone the disk. I would recommend every geek own one!) |
| Clonezilla Live CD或CD-R的副本，用于将其刻录。 如果您发现老式CD-R，也可以将Live Environment放在USB闪存驱动器上。 您可以直接直接下载Clonezilla ，也可以直接跳至要下载和刻录版本的说明。 如果您曾经听说过Norton Ghost，则Clonezilla是一款出色的，功能丰富的替代产品，可以免费下载。 Clonezilla可以复制数据，分区，引导程序和系统信息-创建副本非常精确，您的计算机将不会从原始磁盘知道克隆的磁盘。 | |
| 备用内部硬盘，用于克隆现有系统磁盘。 Clonezilla列出的“限制”之一是目标磁盘的大小必须等于或大于源磁盘的大小，因此请确保要克隆的驱动器(或分区)小于要克隆到的驱动器。 确保您的备用磁盘是您可以在克隆之前安装在计算机中的磁盘，否则您会发现自己一次又一次地克隆它，这可能很耗时。 也不用担心格式化驱动器，因为Clonezilla会保留您克隆的任何驱动器的格式和分区。 |
| 用于将磁盘克隆写入其中的外部USB硬盘驱动器机箱。 您可以从一个内部安装的驱动器工作到另一个驱动器，但这需要大量的时间来打开计算机并安装另一个驱动器，而USB机箱只需几秒钟即可完成安装。(作者注：USB HDD机箱使我免于遭受一次以上的灾难，包括其中一个驱动器仅在二十次中启动了一次。该机箱使重新启动，重新启动，重新启动然后克隆磁盘变得更加容易。会推荐每个怪胎自己的！) |
In addition to this, you’ll need a working PC capable of booting from your optical (DVD & CD) drive, and your system disk will have to be capable of running at least long enough to clone your data. It is possible to clone disks with bad sectors or problems starting up—but healthy disks are the best ones to work with and clone, so ensure you have a backup before it is too late.
除此之外，您还需要一台能够从光盘(DVD＆CD)驱动器启动的工作PC，并且系统磁盘必须至少能够运行足够长的时间才能克隆数据。 可以克隆扇区损坏或启动有问题的磁盘，但是运行状况良好的磁盘是最好的磁盘并进行克隆，因此请确保在备份为时已晚之前进行备份。
Download Clonezilla Live
下载Clonezilla Live
Clonezilla.org is the home to the Clonezilla project, where you can learn a bit about it, or simply download it. For most HTG readers, you can expect to use a x86 Live CD to clone, image, or restore your system disk. This will work with all Intel Macs, and likely any machine running Windows, and many distros of Linux.
Clonezilla.org是Clonezilla项目的所在地，您可以在其中了解一些内容，也可以直接下载它。 对于大多数HTG读取器，您可以期望使用x86 Live CD来克隆，映像或还原系统磁盘。 这将适用于所有英特尔Mac，以及可能运行Windows的任何计算机以及许多Linux发行版。
As stated above, download the Clonezilla Live CD. If you navigate to Clonezilla.org, you’ll find there are a lot of options to sort through.
如上所述，下载Clonezilla Live CD。 如果导航到Clonezilla.org，您会发现有很多选项可供选择。
We’ll be using the ISO version of the Live CD…
我们将使用Live CD的ISO版本…
As well as the latest stable release. Cut out the middleman, and download the x86 Live CD Stable Release ISO of Clonezilla by going here.
以及最新的稳定版本。 切掉中间人，并通过此处下载x86 Live CD稳定版Clonezilla的ISO 。
Once your ISO file is done downloading, the simplest thing to do is to burn it to a CD-R. One great program for burning ISO files is ImgBurn, although many other exist, including a solution built into Windows 7, if you happen to be running it.
下载完ISO文件后，最简单的方法是将其刻录到CD-R。 ImgBurn是刻录ISO文件的一个很棒的程序，尽管还有很多其他程序，包括Windows 7内置的解决方案(如果您恰巧正在运行它的话)。
Boot The Clonezilla Live CD
引导Clonezilla Live CD
Many computers will automatically boot from a bootable CD like the Clonezilla Live Disc. However, if you have trouble booting from a CD, you’ll have to change your boot order in your BIOS, most of which can be reached by pressing Tab, Delete, or F8 immediately as you hear the machine beeps or chimes to let you know it is turning on.
许多计算机将自动从可启动CD(例如Clonezilla Live Disc)启动。 但是，如果从CD引导时遇到问题，则必须在BIOS中更改引导顺序，当听到机器发出哔哔声或提示音时，可以通过立即按Tab，Delete或F8来访问大多数引导顺序。知道它正在打开。
Intel Mac users can boot from a CD by holding down the “C” key or the Alt/Option key on the keyboard immediately after you hear the trademark Mac startup noise.
听到Mac商标启动噪音后，立即按住键盘上的“ C”键或Alt / Option键，即可从CD引导Intel Mac用户。
Clonezilla should boot up on nearly any PC without a hitch. Default settings on most screens will work for most readers, like this one, which requests which environment to boot. Press enter at the default choice to load Clonezilla in an 800 x 600 pixel environment.
Clonezilla应该可以在几乎所有PC上顺利启动。 大多数屏幕上的默认设置都适用于大多数读者(例如该读者)，它要求启动哪种环境。 在默认选择上按Enter键，以在800 x 600像素的环境中加载Clonezilla。
Assuming you’re reading this, you can select the default language of English.
假设您正在阅读本文，则可以选择默认的英语语言。
Again, choosing the default of “Don’t Touch Keymap” will suffice. If you want to pick your keyboard, do so, but Clonezilla mostly uses the Enter and Arrow keys.
同样，选择默认的“ Do n't Touch Keymap”就足够了。 如果要选择键盘，可以这样做，但是Clonezilla通常使用Enter和Arrow键。
启动Clonezilla，然后开始克隆 (Start Clonezilla, and Start Cloning)
Clonezilla gives you the opportunity to use the command prompt to clone or image your disks, although we’ll consider that an option for expert users. Press enter to begin using Clonezilla.
尽管我们认为专家用户可以选择使用Clonezilla，但仍可以使用命令提示符来克隆或镜像磁盘。 按Enter开始使用Clonezilla。
This is the major branch within the program. Do you want to create an image file to restore multiple copies of later, or simply clone a system disk to another hard drive to begin using immediately?
这是程序中的主要分支。 您是否要创建映像文件以还原以后的多个副本，还是只是将系统磁盘克隆到另一个硬盘驱动器以立即开始使用？
Here’s a breakdown of the two methods, and how to navigate through the prompts in Clonezilla to do them:
以下是这两种方法的细目，以及如何在Clonezilla的提示中进行导航以实现它们：
| Create a Backup Image of Your System Disk | Create a Perfect Copy of Your System Disk |
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| Notes: When you reach #2, you’re selecting to use a local device, like your internal disk or a USB drive. Clonezilla supports cloning drives over network, or LAN, as well. #3 is where you select the destination of your image file—both on what device, which partition, and what folder, assuming it is formatted and can be written to. #5 allows you to choose to use an entire disk or partitions within the disk. You call which one to do there. When you get to #6, you’ll choose which drive you want to create an image of, and #7 allows you to decide if you want to verify your image once it has been written. | Notes: Device to device copy is easier for beginners, and is covered with screenshots in this how-to. We’ll be working exclusively with local disks (#3) with the option to clone single partitions, then carefully going over picking our Source and destination drives. |
| 创建系统磁盘的备份映像 | 创建系统磁盘的完美副本 |
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| 注意：达到＃2时，您将选择使用本地设备，例如内部磁盘或USB驱动器。 Clonezilla也支持通过网络或LAN克隆驱动器。 ＃3是您选择映像文件的目标的位置—假定已格式化并可以将其写入任何设备，分区和文件夹。 ＃5允许您选择使用整个磁盘或磁盘中的分区。 您叫那一个在那儿做。 进入＃6后，您将选择要为其创建映像的驱动器，并且＃7允许您确定是否要在写入映像后验证映像。 | 注意：对于初学者来说，设备到设备的复制比较容易，并且在此操作方法的屏幕快照中对此进行了介绍。 我们将专门与本地磁盘(＃3)一起使用，可以选择克隆单个分区，然后仔细地仔细检查源驱动器和目标驱动器。 |
Refer back to this chart to help demystify Clonezilla as you navigate through its options and menus, particularly if you choose to create image files over cloning your entire disk.
返回此表可帮助您在浏览Clonezilla的选项和菜单时揭开神秘面纱，尤其是如果您选择通过克隆整个磁盘来创建映像文件时。
Local Device to Local Device Cloning
本地设备到本地设备的克隆
Select “Device-device” to clone one drive onto another and not work with images. This will allow you to create a perfect clone of your system disk on a USB disk—but let’s not get ahead of ourselves.
选择“设备-设备”将一个驱动器克隆到另一个驱动器上，而不使用映像。 这将允许您在USB磁盘上创建系统磁盘的完美克隆，但请不要超越自己。
Beginner mode is fine for almost all purposes. There is no need to venture into “Expert Mode” territory unless you’re feeling brave (or already know what you’re doing).
初学者模式几乎可以用于所有目的。 除非您感到勇敢(或已经知道自己在做什么)，否则无需冒险进入“专家模式”领域。
Here you can elect to use local disks (drives hooked into your machine, either internally or via USB) or remote disks (LAN or SSH drives, for more advanced users). If you wish to only clone partitions, you can also do that here with the two “Part to Part” options. For our purposes, we’ll use “Disk to Local Disk.”
在这里，您可以选择使用本地磁盘(内部或通过USB连接到计算机的驱动器)或远程磁盘(对于高级用户而言是LAN或SSH驱动器)。 如果只希望克隆分区，也可以在此处使用两个“ Part to Part”选项。 为了我们的目的，我们将使用“磁盘到本地磁盘”。
(Author’s Note: If you’re not familiar with Linux or OS X’s more elaborate partitions, you probably shouldn’t clone just one of them. You may end up missing a key partition or a swap your OS might be looking for. To be safe, clone your entire disk, unless you’re absolutely certain you know what you’re doing!)
(作者注：如果您不熟悉Linux或OS X较为复杂的分区，则可能不应该仅克隆其中一个分区。您可能最终会丢失关键分区或OS可能正在寻找的交换分区。安全，请克隆整个磁盘，除非您完全确定自己知道自己在做什么！)
If you have many drives installed, including your USB drive, you may have trouble locating your source drive. This is the drive you want to clone, so make sure you pick it out correctly. Keep in mind that Clonezilla is based on GNU/Linux, so its drive naming structures may be unfamiliar to those of us that aren’t Linux users. (In other words, don’t go looking for your C:/ drive!)
如果您安装了许多驱动器，包括USB驱动器，则可能找不到源驱动器。 这是您要克隆的驱动器，因此请确保正确选择它。 请记住，Clonezilla基于GNU / Linux，因此它的驱动器命名结构可能对我们这些非Linux用户的结构并不熟悉。 (换句话说，不要去寻找您的C：/驱动器！)
Likely you’ll have to rely on the size and brand name of your hard disk. In the example above, this PC’s system disk was a 300GB Samsung disk, which Clonezilla identifies as sda. Pick the disk that you want to clone, and press enter.
您可能必须依靠硬盘的大小和品牌名称。 在上面的示例中，该PC的系统磁盘是300GB的Samsung磁盘，Clonezilla将该磁盘标识为sda 。 选择要克隆的磁盘，然后按Enter。
The second choice is your destination, or target disk. On this PC, the choice was obvious, because the drive was 10x larger, and connected by USB. Depending on how you’ve got your drives connected, it may be more or less obvious. Simply keep in mind you choose the source first, then the destination.
第二个选择是您的目标磁盘或目标磁盘。 在此PC上，选择是显而易见的，因为驱动器大10倍，并通过USB连接。 根据连接驱动器的方式，它可能或多或少是显而易见的。 只需记住您首先选择来源，然后选择目的地。
With your Source and Destination drives sorted out, Clonezilla has enough information from you to clone your disk. Clonezilla will expect you to press Enter to continue and then print a lot of information to the screen.
整理好源驱动器和目标驱动器后，Clonezilla从您那里获得了足够的信息来克隆磁盘。 Clonezilla会期望您按Enter继续，然后在屏幕上打印很多信息。
You’ll be given two opportunities to stop it from writing to your destination disk if you think you’ve chosen the wrong one. You should see the information listed above the Y/N prompt for the drive you’re writing your clone to, so double check it and hit Y for yes.
如果您认为选择了错误的磁盘，将会有两次机会阻止它写入目标磁盘。 您应该在向克隆写入的驱动器的Y / N提示符上方看到列出的信息，因此请仔细检查并单击Y表示是。
Here, you’re given the opportunity to clone the boot loader, which boots your operating system. If you’re plan to ever replace your system drive with this new one, you won’t want to deal with setting up a bootloader, so clone your existing one by selecting y for yes.
在这里，您将有机会克隆引导加载程序，该引导加载程序将引导您的操作系统。 如果您打算用此新驱动器替换系统驱动器，则不需要设置引导程序，因此可以通过选择y来克隆现有的引导程序。
You’re given one final opportunity to back out before your target disk is formatted and written to, erasing all data on it and replacing it with a clone of your system drive. Y for yes to continue!
在格式化和写入目标磁盘之前，您将获得最后一次退出的机会，可以擦除目标磁盘上的所有数据，然后将其替换为系统驱动器的克隆。 是的，Y继续！
And Clonezilla begins to work its magic.
Clonezilla开始发挥作用。
And continues.
并继续。
And still continues. Don’t expect it to happen quickly, as creating a perfect clone of your operating system and all your partitions can take quite a long time, particularly over USB speeds. Be prepared to walk away, and come back after an hour, or two or three, depending on the size of your drive.
并且仍在继续。 不要指望它会很快发生，因为创建操作系统和所有分区的完美克隆会花费很长时间，尤其是在USB速度方面。 准备走开，一小时或两三个小时后再回来，具体取决于驱动器的大小。
Once your cloning is complete, you can expect more “Enter to Continue” prompts. From there, you can restart Clonezilla for more cloning action, or power down, or reboot.
克隆完成后，可能会出现更多“ Enter to Continue”提示。 从那里，您可以重新启动Clonezilla以执行更多克隆操作，或者关闭电源或重新启动。
Booting Up Your New (Old) Machine
引导新的(旧)计算机
Excited to test your clone? Install your new system disk, and set your BIOS to use it as your primary master drive. If everything has gone without a hitch, your computer (at least your operating system) won’t even realize it has a different disk inside it. You may find a big grin on your face—even the most minor details have been cloned, like this bootloader looking for the “Earlier Version of Windows.”
兴奋地测试您的克隆？ 安装新的系统磁盘，并将BIOS设置为将其用作主驱动器。 如果一切顺利，则您的计算机(至少是操作系统)甚至不会意识到其中装有其他磁盘。 您可能会脸上露出一个笑容，即使是最次要的细节也已被克隆，例如此引导程序正在寻找“ Windows的早期版本”。
And your Operating System, be it Linux, OS X, or Windows, will load like normal, without any issues. Again, this is providing that everything has gone smoothly and Clonezilla has been allowed to do its job correctly. So congrats! You’ve created a perfect backup of your system disk to keep for a rainy day—or a day when your hard drive breaks. All of your programs, personalizations, and installs will be complete—it’s almost too good to be true!
而且您的操作系统(无论是Linux，OS X还是Windows)都将像正常加载一样，没有任何问题。 同样，这提供了一切顺利的前提，并且允许Clonezilla正确执行其工作。 恭喜你！ 您已经为系统磁盘创建了完美的备份，以备不时之需-或硬盘坏掉的一天。 您的所有程序，个性化设置和安装都将完成-太好了，难以置信！
So happy World Backup Day, everyone, and keep your data safe!
祝大家世界备份日快乐，并确保您的数据安全！
Image Credits: Computers_0046 by XLShadow, available under Creative Commons. Computer Image by Rev. Xanatos Satanicos Bombasticos (ClintJCL), available under Creative Commons. BIOS/UEFI Image By Yatri Trivedi, used without permission, assumed to be outright theft. All other images by the author.
图片鸣谢： XLShadow提供的Computers_0046 ，可在“创用CC”下找到。 Xanatos Satanicos Bombasticos牧师(ClintJCL)提供的计算机图像，可在Creative Commons下获得。 Yatri Trivedi编写的BIOS / UEFI映像未经许可，未经使用，被认为是完全盗窃。 所有其他图像均由作者提供。
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