什么是Windows系统文件？

Technically speaking, a Windows system file is any file with the hidden system attribute turned on. In practice, system files are those files that Windows depends upon to operate properly. These range from hardware drivers to configuration and DLL files and even the various hive files that make up the Windows Registry.

从技术上讲，Windows系统文件是任何启用了“隐藏系统”属性的文件。 实际上，系统文件是Windows正常运行所依赖的文件。 这些范围从硬件驱动程序到配置和DLL文件，甚至是构成Windows注册表的各种配置单元文件。

These files are often changed automatically during system updates or application installations, but generally speaking, it’s best to leave system files alone. Deleting, moving, renaming, or changing these files could cause a complete system failure. Because of this fact, often times they’re hidden and are made read-only. That said, there are a lot of hacks and tweaks out there—including a bunch we’ve featured on this site—that involve modifying system files.

这些文件通常在系统更新或应用程序安装过程中自动更改，但是通常来讲，最好不要理会系统文件。 删除，移动，重命名或更改这些文件可能会导致整个系统故障。 因此，通常它们是隐藏的，并且被设为只读。 就是说，这里有很多技巧和调整，包括我们在此站点上精选的很多技巧和调整，涉及修改系统文件。

If you’re careful, and you know what you’re doing—or you’re following instructions from a source you trust—you can get a lot of value from these types of hacks.

如果您很谨慎，并且知道自己在做什么，或者您正在遵循可信赖来源的说明，则可以从这些类型的黑客中获得很多价值。

系统文件存储在哪里？ (Where Are System Files Stored?)

System files are usually located in specific folders that are identified as a system folder. To further prevent any accidental deletion, these files are hidden from view in Windows by default. They also don’t appear in searches.

系统文件通常位于标识为系统文件夹的特定文件夹中。 为了进一步防止意外删除，默认情况下，这些文件在Windows中从视图中隐藏。 它们也不会出现在搜索中。

The truth is, system files can be stored in lots of locations on your PC. The root folder of your system drive (C:\), for example, holds system files like your page file (pagefile.sys) and hibernation file (hiberfil.sys).

事实是，系统文件可以存储在PC上的许多位置。 例如，系统驱动器(C：\)的根文件夹包含系统文件，例如页面文件(pagefile.sys)和Hibernate文件(hiberfil.sys)。

The majority of Windows system files are stored in C:\Windows, especially in subfolders like /System32 and /SysWOW64. But, you’ll also find system files scattered throughout user folders (like the appdata folder) and app folders (like ProgramData or the Program Files folders).

大多数Windows系统文件都存储在C：\ Windows中，尤其是在/ System32和/ SysWOW64之类的子文件夹中。 但是，您还会发现散布在用户文件夹(例如appdata文件夹)和应用文件夹(例如ProgramData或Program Files文件夹)中的系统文件。

如何在Windows中显示隐藏的系统文件 (How To Show Hidden System Files in Windows)

While system files are hidden by default in Windows, it’s easy enough to have Windows display them.

虽然Windows默认情况下隐藏系统文件，但让Windows显示它们很容易。

Just bear in mind that deleting, moving, editing, or renaming these files can cause all kinds of problems. Our advice is to leave system files hidden for the most part. If you’re intentionally working with system files while applying some hack or tweak, display them, and then hide them again when you’re done.

请记住，删除，移动，编辑或重命名这些文件可能会导致各种问题。 我们的建议是在很大程度上隐藏系统文件。 如果您在进行一些修改或调整时有意使用系统文件，请显示它们，然后在完成后再次隐藏它们。

To show system files in Windows, start by opening up a File Explorer window. In File Explorer, head to View >  Options > Change Folder and Search Options.

要在Windows中显示系统文件，请先打开“文件资源管理器”窗口。 在文件资源管理器中，转到视图>选项>更改文件夹和搜索选项。

In the Folder Options window, switch to the “View” tab, and then remove the tick on the “Hide protected operating system files (Recommended)” option. Click “OK” when you’re done.

在“文件夹选项”窗口中，切换到“查看”选项卡，然后删除“隐藏受保护的操作系统文件(推荐)”选项上的勾号。 完成后，单击“确定”。

You’ll now be able to see hidden system files. Note that the icons for system files appear dimmer than the icons for non-system files, to help signify their importance.

现在，您将能够看到隐藏的系统文件。 请注意，系统文件的图标比非系统文件的图标更暗，以帮助表明它们的重要性。

如果系统文件损坏，会发生什么？ (What Happens If System Files Become Corrupted?)

It really depends on which system files are corrupted, so symptoms could include anything from apps not launching (or crashing), blue-screen errors, or even Windows failing to start.

这实际上取决于损坏的系统文件，因此，症状可能包括以下任何内容：应用程序无法启动(或崩溃)，蓝屏错误，甚至Windows无法启动。

If you suspect corrupted or missing system files, there are a couple of built-in system tools that can help. The System File Checker (SFC) scans Windows system files, and can replace any it finds to be missing or corrupted. The Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) command can be used to help fix underlying problems that prevent SFC from doing its job. Using them together, you should be able to successfully repair missing or corrupted system files.

如果您怀疑系统文件已损坏或丢失，可以使用一些内置的系统工具来提供帮助。 系统文件检查器(SFC)扫描Windows系统文件，并且可以替换发现或丢失的任何文件。 部署映像服务和管理(DISM)命令可用于帮助解决阻止SFC正常工作的潜在问题。 一起使用它们，您应该能够成功修复丢失或损坏的系统文件。

SFC scans your computer for any Windows system files for corruption or any other changes. If it finds a file that was modified, it will automatically replace it with the correct version.

SFC会在您的计算机上扫描是否有Windows系统文件损坏或任何其他更改。 如果找到被修改的文件，它将自动用正确的版本替换它。

If all else fails, and neither of these options work, you can always refresh or reset your computer back to its default state. This option should only be used as a last resort. All your personal files will be kept, but any after-market downloaded applications will be removed.

如果所有其他方法都失败，并且这些选项都不起作用，则始终可以刷新计算机或将其重置为默认状态。 此选项仅应作为最后的选择。 您的所有个人文件将被保留，但所有售后下载的应用程序将被删除。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/358101/what-is-a-windows-system-file/