用python做隐形斗篷_愚蠢的Photoshop技巧：如何制作隐形斗篷-CSDN博客

用python做隐形斗篷

Sometimes, graphics editing is useful. And sometimes, you use it to turn things invisible just because you can. Here’s how to make invisibility cloaks in Photoshop in a few minutes, with our GIMP friendly technique.

有时，图形编辑很有用。有时，您可以使用它使事物不可见。以下是使用GIMP友好技术在几分钟内在Photoshop中制作隐形斗篷的方法。

收集源图像 (Collecting Your Source Images)

While you don’t have to, your best bet is to take your own pictures. The best way to do this is with manual camera settings and a tripod. Your goal is to shoot a subject in front of some environment, ideally one with a lot of detail.

虽然不必，但最好的选择是自己拍摄照片。最好的方法是使用手动相机设置和三脚架。您的目标是在某些环境下拍摄主体，理想情况下是具有很多细节的主体。

Automatic focus, and auto shooting mode can change your composition from shot to shot. In order to minimize this, you can pick a manual setting that gives you the proper exposure in the environment you’re working in, and continue shooting in that. The tripod also keeps your camera steady, allowing you to keep your composition from moving around.

自动对焦和自动拍摄模式可以在拍摄之间改变构图。为了最大程度地减少这种情况，您可以选择一个手动设置，以便在工作环境中获得适当的曝光，然后继续进行拍摄。三脚架还可以保持相机稳定，从而使构图不会四处移动。

Setting your lens to manual once you’ve used the auto focus will keep the focus from changing from shot to shot. In this example shot, we’ve shot one picture with the subject, and one without. Since the focus was on manual, the lens did not try and refocus, leaving the background blurred when this she leaves the shot.

使用自动聚焦后，将镜头设置为手动，将使焦点不会因拍摄而改变。在此示例镜头中，我们拍摄了一张带有主体的照片，一张没有主体的照片。由于聚焦是手动的，因此镜头不会尝试重新聚焦，因此离开镜头时背景变得模糊。

(Author’s Note: Readers that don’t want to take their own photographs can still use this technique, by simply removing an object from a background, and placing it in a new background. Shooting your own photos will give you the best results, though!)

(作者注：不想拍摄自己照片的读者仍然可以使用此技术，只需将对象从背景中移除，然后将其放置在新的背景中即可。拍摄自己的照片将为您带来最佳效果！)

When you are done, you want to place your photos in a new document on top of each other, as separate layers. You may have to rotate the image slightly, or do some other small tweak to get them to align (more or less) perfectly, as shown here.

完成后，您希望将照片作为单独的图层放置在彼此顶部的新文档中。您可能需要稍微旋转图像，或进行一些其他小的调整以使它们完美对齐(或多或少)，如下所示。

Start with your file looking like this, with these two distinct layers: one with a subject, and one missing the subject. From here on out, we’ll call these the “Subject” layer, and the other the “No-subject” layer.

首先从看起来像这样的文件开始，包括以下两个不同的层：一层包含主题，一层缺少主题。从现在开始，我们将其称为“主题”层，另一层称为“无主题”层。

方法一：一种简单的“绿屏”技术 (Method One: A Simple “Green Screen” technique)

If your “invisibility cloak” is a unique color, we can try a rough “Green Screen” technique, which is simpler, but gives a slightly less refined result. Begin by turning off your no-subject layer, and look at your subject layer.

如果您的“隐形斗篷”是一种独特的颜色，我们可以尝试使用一种“绿屏”技术，该技术比较简单，但效果略差。首先关闭无主题图层，然后查看主题图层。

Press to pick the eyedropper tool, then left click to pick an “average” color from your object. Once you’ve picked that color, navigate to Select > Color Range, and adjust the Color Range selection until the white areas (shown above) represent the areas you want to become invisible.

按下以选择吸管工具，然后单击鼠标左键以选择对象的“平均”颜色。选择该颜色后，导航至“选择”>“颜色范围”，然后调整“颜色范围”选择，直到白色区域(如上所示)代表您要变得不可见的区域。

(Author’s Note: Just like when we created a black and white and red photograph, GIMP users will want to use the “Select by Color” tool, which can be found under Tools > Selection Tools > By Color Select. You can set your Threshold in your toolbarand get similar results in the “Selection Editor” panel, shown above. Open this panel by navigating to Select > Selection Editor.)

(作者注：就像我们创建黑白照片和红色照片一样，GIMP用户将要使用“按颜色选择”工具，该工具可在“工具”>“选择工具”>“按颜色选择”下找到。您可以设置阈值在工具栏中，然后在“选择编辑器”面板中获得类似的结果，如上所示。通过导航到“选择”>“选择编辑器”打开此面板。)

With your new color selection, briefly turn on and select (shown above right) the no-subject layer, and create a layer via copy.

使用新的颜色选择，短暂打开并选择(显示在右上方)无主题图层，然后通过复制创建图层。

The shortcut for this is . When you’ve done this, you can turn the no-subject layer off again, shown above.

快捷方式是。完成此操作后，可以再次关闭无主题图层，如上所示。

You’ll be left with a final image that looks something like this, which is a fairly good invisibility cloak. Using this same image, let’s take a look at a more advanced method to accomplish this that gives a more consistent, refined result.

您将得到一张看起来像这样的最终图像，这是一个相当不错的隐形斗篷。使用同一张图片，让我们看一个更高级的方法来完成此操作，从而获得更一致，更精确的结果。

方法二：抠图和蒙版(更高级) (Method Two: Cutouts and Masks (More Advanced))

Starting over from your two layered image (where the animation was), we can begin work on a second, more thorough method for creating this transparency. We will cut out our object using any one of a ton of different ways and use layers to create our cloak. In this example, we’ll be using the pen tool, although you can use whatever method for isolating objects makes sense to you. If you’re a beginner (or hate the pen tool) you can start with this classic HTG method.

从您的两层图像(动画所在的位置)开始，我们可以开始第二种更彻底的方法来创建这种透明度。我们将使用多种不同方式中的任何一种来裁剪对象，并使用图层来创建我们的斗篷。在此示例中，我们将使用钢笔工具，尽管您可以使用任何对您有意义的隔离对象的方法。如果您是初学者(或讨厌钢笔工具)，则可以从这种经典的HTG方法开始。

Draw your paths with your pen tool to isolate your object.

使用钢笔工具绘制路径以隔离对象。

Turn on your no-subject layer, then select it in your layers panel.

打开无主题图层，然后在“图层”面板中选择它。

Load a selection from the paths by navigating to the Paths panel, then right clicking to get “Make Selection.”

导航到“路径”面板，然后右键单击以获取“进行选择”，从路径中加载选择。

Create a new layer via copy by pressing , then turn off your no-subject layer, leaving a new third layer on top.

按，通过复制创建一个新层，然后关闭无主题层，在顶部保留一个新的第三层。

This has knocked this object back to a transparent look, but let’s keep going, and create a better looking image.

这使该对象恢复了透明的外观，但是让我们继续前进，并创建一个更好看的图像。

Reload your selection from the paths, or simply Ctrl + Click to load from the new layer you just created.

从路径重新加载选择，或者简单地按Ctrl +单击以从刚创建的新层加载。

Return to your subject layer, and make a new layer via copy by pressing again. Move this layer to the top of the layers panel and set the blending mode (shown above right, highlighted in blue) to “Screen.”

返回您的主题图层，然后再次按复制以复制新图层。将此层移到“层”面板的顶部，并将混合模式(如右上方所示，以蓝色突出显示)设置为“屏幕”。

We’re left with a translucent look, where the lightest areas are the most opaque.

剩下的是半透明的外观，其中最亮的区域最不透明。

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Let’s add some final touches to our invisibility cloak by adjusting our new “Screen” layer with some levels. Navigate to Image > Adjustments > Levels. In this example, we intensified the layer by bringing the shadows and highlights closer together, as shown above.

让我们通过调整某些级别的新“屏幕”层，为隐身斗篷添加一些最后的修饰。导航到图像>调整>色阶。在此示例中，我们通过使阴影和高光更加靠近在一起来增强了图层，如上所示。

We’re given the image above as our reward. The shadows disappear, leaving mostly the highlights behind.

上面的图片是我们的奖励。阴影消失了，大部分高光都留在了后面。

To further improve our image, we can refine our object with layer masks. We have used layers in this how-to for the sake of simplicity, but layer masks can help us brush out the areas where our object wasn’t cut out perfectly.

为了进一步改善图像，我们可以使用图层蒙版细化对象。为了简单起见，我们在此操作方法中使用了图层，但是图层蒙版可以帮助我们清除对象没有被完美裁剪的区域。

If you’re unclear as to how layer masks work, you’ll find they’re pretty easy to understand. In this case, they’re great for cleaning up those ragged edges, if you decide you don’t like the look of them.

如果不清楚图层蒙版的工作方式，您会发现它们很容易理解。在这种情况下，如果您决定不喜欢它们的外观，它们非常适合清理那些参差不齐的边缘。

From there, you can pretty much call your invisibility cloak finished. Have fun making Photoshop (or GIMP) magic!

从那里，您几乎可以将隐形斗篷称为完成。玩转Photoshop(或GIMP)魔术吧！

Mike Baird’s 1D Mark III by Mike Baird, available under Creative Commons. Special thanks to SwankIvy for agreeing to model for this very silly Photoshop project.

迈克·贝尔德的1D Mark III的由迈克·贝尔德，在可用素材。 特别感谢SwankIvy同意为这个非常愚蠢的Photoshop项目建模。