undertow优点和场景_什么是Undertow和高光？

undertow优点和场景

“Crushed shadows” and “blown highlights” are both common exposure problems in photography. Let’s look at what they are, how to identify them, and what you can do about them.

“压碎的阴影”和“突出的高光”都是摄影中常见的曝光问题。 让我们看看它们是什么，如何识别它们，以及您可以对它们做些什么。

Crushed shadows and blown highlights are two sides of the same coin. When you crush your shadows, you underexpose your image so much that there are large areas of pure black in your image, like in this shot.

压碎的阴影和高光是同一枚硬币的两个侧面。 当您粉碎阴影时，您的图像曝光不足，以致图像中有大片纯黑色区域(如此照片所示)。

When you blow your highlights you do the opposite: you overexpose your image so much that there are large areas of pure white.

当您突出显示高光时，您会做相反的事情：图像曝光过度，以至于有大面积的纯白色。

The problem with crushed shadows and blown highlights is that you can’t recover them in post-production even if you shoot RAW images. Here’s the underexposed shot brightened up, see how the shadows are still black? All brightening up did is add lots of digital noise to the darker areas.

阴影阴影和高光斑点的问题在于，即使拍摄RAW图像，也无法在后期制作中恢复它们。 这是曝光不足的镜头变亮了，看看阴影仍然是黑色的吗？ 照亮的所有操作是在较暗的区域中添加了许多数字噪音。

And here’s the overexposed shot, darkened down. The sky has just gone grey. There just isn’t any image data to recover.

这是曝光过度的镜头，变暗了。 天空刚刚变灰。 只是没有任何图像数据可恢复。

如何避免Undertow和高光 (How to Avoid Crushed Shadows and Blown Highlights)

You can normally identify crushed shadows or blown highlights by eye. You just have to look at the photo on the back of your camera. If large areas of the image are pitch black, you’ve massively underexposed; if large areas of the image are pure white, you’ve massively overexposed.

通常，您可以通过眼睛识别压碎的阴影或高光。 您只需要查看相机背面的照片即可。 如果图像的大部分区域为黑色，则说明您的曝光不足。 如果图像的大部分区域是纯白色的，则说明您已经过度曝光。

The problem is in more subtle shots, where areas of the image are well exposed but you’re not sure whether your extreme shadows or highlights are okay. This happens a lot when you’re shooting scenes with a high dynamic range.

问题在于更精细的拍摄，图像的区域曝光良好，但是您不确定极端的阴影或高光是否还可以。 当您拍摄高动态范围的场景时，这种情况经常发生。

The best way to check the quality of your exposure is to use the histogram built-in to your camera. If there’s a big spike or all your data is bunched at either end of the graph—remember, the bottom point is pure black, and the top point is pure white—then you probably have a problem. Let’s look at the histogram from the underexposed shot from earlier.

检查曝光质量的最佳方法是使用相机内置的直方图。 如果峰值很大，或者所有数据都聚集在图表的两端(请记住，最低点是纯黑色，最高点是纯白色)，那么您可能有问题。 让我们看一下之前曝光不足的镜头的直方图。

And the overexposed one too.

而且曝光过度。

In the underexposed histogram, the big spike at the very bottom of the graph is all the pure black pixels. In the overexposed histogram, the spike is the pure white pixels.

在曝光不足的直方图中，图最底部的大峰值是所有纯黑色像素。 在曝光过度的直方图中，峰值是纯白色像素。

Now, a spike of pure white or pure black isn’t always a problem. If you’re shooting a very bright scene, it’s normal to have a small amount of pure white “specular highlights” or for the sun to be a white ball in the sky.

现在，纯白色或纯黑色的尖峰并不总是一个问题。 如果要拍摄非常明亮的场景，通常会有少量纯白色的“镜面高光”，或者将太阳当作天空中的白球，这是正常的。

By the same token, if you’re shooting in low light, a bit of pure black in the shadows isn’t an issue.

同样，如果您在弱光下拍摄，阴影中的一点纯黑色也不成问题。

That last shot has some pure white in the sun and some pure black in the rocks and shadows but, since everything else looks right, it’s not a problem.

最后的镜头在阳光下有一些纯白色，在岩石和阴影中有一些纯黑色，但是，由于其他一切看起来都不错，所以这不是问题。

Avoiding crushed shadows and blown highlights is more about making sure you don’t lose any important details, so you should focus on getting a good exposure across the board. Your eyes have greater dynamic range than your camera, so you need to work with the limits of your gear. I’ve written a full article on getting the exposure right on location; the main takeaways for avoiding crushed shadows or blown highlights are to shoot RAW, check your histogram, and shoot some safety shots.

避免压碎阴影和高光斑点更重要的是要确保您不会丢失任何重要细节，因此您应该着重于全面获得良好的曝光。 您的眼睛比相机具有更大的动态范围，因此您需要在齿轮的限制下进行工作。 我写了一篇关于如何使曝光正确定位的全文; 避免出现阴影阴影或高光斑点的主要方法是拍摄RAW，检查直方图并拍摄一些安全照片。

If the dynamic range of the scene is way too high for your camera to capture it all in one shot, you can also try HDR photography.

如果场景的动态范围太大，以至于您的相机无法一次捕获所有图像，那么您也可以尝试HDR摄影。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/398146/what-are-crushed-shadows-and-blown-highlights/

undertow优点和场景