lan的以太网标准
Wired connections, which use Ethernet cables, are generally faster and have lower latency than Wi-Fi connections. But, just as modern Wi-Fi hardware has advanced, modern Ethernet cables are capable of communicating at faster speeds.
与Wi-Fi连接相比，使用以太网电缆的有线连接通常更快且延迟更短。 但是，正如现代Wi-Fi硬件已具备先进技术一样，现代以太网电缆也能够以更快的速度进行通信。
For a typical home network, this isn’t a really big deal, since your Internet connection is the bottleneck. If you’re getting, for example, 90 Mbps download speeds from your ISP, the Ethernet cables in your home won’t make a bit of difference for your Internet speeds—you’ll still only be getting 90 Mbps. However, you can get faster local network speeds by upgrading your Ethernet cable. And faster LAN speeds can help when transferring data from one device to another on your local network. This includes things like backing up and transferring data between computers, streaming games from a Windows box to your Shield or Steam Link, or streaming local video from something like a Plex or Kodi server.
对于典型的家庭网络而言，这并不是什么大问题，因为您的Internet连接是瓶颈。 例如，如果您从ISP获得90 Mbps的下载速度，则您家中的以太网电缆不会对您的Internet速度产生任何影响-您仍然只能获得90 Mbps。 但是，通过升级以太网电缆，可以获得更快的本地网络速度。 当局域网中的数据从一台设备传输到另一台设备时，更快的LAN速度会有所帮助。 这包括诸如在计算机之间备份和传输数据，将游戏从Windows盒流式传输到Shield或Steam Link或从Plex或Kodi服务器等流式传输本地视频之类的事情。
电缆类别 (Cable Categories)
Did you recently pick up a new Ethernet cable, or did you use an Ethernet cable that came bundled with a modern router or other piece of equipment? If so, that cable’s probably recent enough that you don’t need to worry.
您最近是否接了新的以太网电缆，还是使用了与现代路由器或其他设备捆绑在一起的以太网电缆？ 如果是这样，那条电缆可能就足够新了，您无需担心。
But, if you’re still using older Ethernet cables that have been sitting in a closet somewhere, you may want to look at upgrading them. If you long ago wired your house with Ethernet cables—perhaps you strung them through the walls and under the carpets to expand wired Internet access to every room—you might have older Cat-5 or Cat-5e cables in your walls.
但是，如果您仍在使用旧的以太网电缆，而这些电缆已经放在壁橱中的某个地方，则可能需要考虑对其进行升级。 如果您很久以前用以太网电缆为房屋布线(也许是将它们穿过墙壁并铺在地毯下，以便将有线Internet连接扩展到每个房间)，则墙壁上可能装有较旧的Cat-5或Cat-5e电缆。
Ethernet cables are standardized into different categories. For example, you’ll see cables rated as Category 5, Category 5e, Category 6, Category 7, and so on. We usually shorten these names to Cat-5, Cat-5e, Cat-6, and so on. Each cable with a higher number is a newer standard. And yes, these cables are backwards compatible. They are just built to support communicating at faster speeds if you have modern devices that support it. The connector type is the same, so you can plug a Cat-6 cable into a device created back when Cat-5e was the hot new standard and Cat-6 hadn’t be released yet.
以太网电缆分为不同类别。 例如，您将看到等级为5类，5e类，6类，7类的电缆。 通常，我们将这些名称简称为Cat-5，Cat-5e，Cat-6等。 每条编号较高的电缆都是较新的标准。 是的，这些电缆向后兼容。 如果您拥有支持它的现代设备，它们的目的只是为了支持更快的通信速度。 连接器类型相同，因此您可以将Cat-6电缆插入在Cat-5e是热门新标准而尚未发布Cat-6时创建的设备中。
We’ve run down the differences between Ethernet cables. Each newer standard brings higher possible speeds and reduced crosstalk, which helps you achieve those speeds even with longer cables. The above table highlights the specifications of each category.
我们已经消除了以太网电缆之间的差异。 每个更新的标准都带来了更高的可能速度，并降低了串扰，即使使用更长的电缆，也可以帮助您实现这些速度。 上表突出显示了每个类别的规格。
值得升级吗？ 也许不是，但是…… (Is Upgrading Worth It? Maybe Not, But…)
The reality is that a Cat-5e cable with its up to 1 Gb/s speed is fast enough for your Internet connection. That 1 GB/s speed supports anything up to a Gigabit Internet service, so you won’t see any increase in your Internet speed if you switch from Cat-5e to a higher category cable.
现实情况是，速度高达1 Gb / s的Cat-5e电缆对于您的Internet连接而言足够快。 1 GB / s的速度可以支持千兆以太网服务，因此，如果您从Cat-5e切换到更高类别的电缆，Internet速度不会有任何增加。
However, if you do a lot of transferring data between computers on your local network, upgrading may be worth it. And, if you’re buying new cables or wiring your home right now, you should at least use Cat-6 instead of Cat-5e cables. If the price difference isn’t too much when you wire your home, you might even go for Cat-7 cables. Just be aware that working with Cat-7 cabling requires a little more finesse that working with Cat-5e or Cat-6 cables—mainly because it’s easier to damage the foil shielding when bending Cat-7 cables.
但是，如果您在本地网络上的计算机之间进行大量数据传输，则升级是值得的。 而且，如果您现在购买新电缆或为房屋布线，则至少应使用Cat-6电缆，而不是Cat-5e电缆。 如果您在家布线时价格差异不大，您甚至可以选择Cat-7电缆。 请注意，使用Cat-7电缆比使用Cat-5e或Cat-6电缆需要更多的技巧-主要是因为在弯曲Cat-7电缆时更容易损坏箔屏蔽。
Category 5 (Cat-5) and Category 5 enhanced (Cat-5e) are actually basically the same. Nothing changed physically in the cable itself. Instead, Cat-5e cables are tested more stringently to ensure less crosstalk (electrical interference). In other words, only some of those old Cat-5 cables are good enough to be Cat-5e cables.
实际上，类别5(Cat-5)和类别5增强(Cat-5e)相同。 电缆本身在物理上没有任何变化。 相反，对Cat-5e电缆进行了更严格的测试，以确保减少串扰(电气干扰)。 换句话说，只有那些旧的Cat-5电缆中的一些足以用作Cat-5e电缆。
Cat-6 and Cat-6a cables are more interesting. If you have a modern router and modern Ethernet-enabled devices, you can get faster speeds—10 Gb/s for Cat-6a instead of the 1 Gb/s for Cat-6. The rest of your hardware has to support it, too, but you won’t get those above 1 Gb/s speeds unless you have good enough cables. If you plug all your great new network hardware into old Cat-5e Ethernet cables that you ran through your home’s walls years ago, you won’t get the full speeds.
Cat-6和Cat-6a电缆更有趣。 如果您拥有现代路由器和现代以太网设备，则可以获得更快的速度-Cat-6a为10 Gb / s，而不是Cat-6为1 Gb / s。 其余的硬件也必须支持它，但是除非有足够的电缆，否则您将无法获得高于1 Gb / s的速度。 如果您将所有出色的新网络硬件插入几年前穿过家中墙壁的旧Cat-5e以太网电缆，您将无法获得最快的速度。
Cat-7 cables really don’t offer too much advantage over Cat-6a, at least not for the home user. They use a little better shielding, which can help maintain better speeds at longer distances, but it’s nothing remarkable. If the price difference is small, and you’re having someone wire your home, consider going with Cat-7 just for some extra future-proofing. Otherwise, Cat-6a should be just fine for new installations.
与Cat-6a相比，Cat-7电缆确实没有提供太多优势，至少对于家庭用户而言没有。 他们使用了更好的屏蔽，可以在更长的距离上保持更好的速度，但这没什么了不起的。 如果价格差异很小，并且您正在有人在家中布线，则可以考虑使用Cat-7，以期获得更多的前瞻性。 否则，Cat-6a应该适合新安装。
This doesn’t mean you should rip your home’s walls open to replace Cat-5e cable installed years ago, especially if you don’t have a need for faster local network speeds. But not all Ethernet cables are equal.
这并不意味着您应该撕开房屋的墙壁以替换多年前安装的Cat-5e电缆，尤其是如果您不需要更快的本地网络速度时。 但是，并非所有以太网电缆都是平等的。
如何分辨您在使用什么 (How to Tell What You’re Using)
On most cables, you should be able to look at the cable itself and find the label printed on the outside surface of the cable. That’s your best bet. Cat-6, 6a, and 7 cables are generally thicker than Cat-5e cables, and less flexible—so if you’re used to handling Cat-5e cables, that’s another easy way to tell.
在大多数电缆上，您应该能够查看电缆本身，并找到印在电缆外表面上的标签。 那是你最好的选择。 Cat-6、6a和7电缆通常比Cat-5e电缆粗，而柔韧性较小-因此，如果您习惯使用Cat-5e电缆，那是另一种简单的判断方法。
Most people won’t really care whether they’re using Cat-5e, 6, 6a, or 7 cables at home. The Internet connection is the bottleneck, faster cables won’t help that. Using a Cat-6, 6a, or even 7 cable can enable faster speeds when transferring files or otherwise communicating between two computers on the local network, but the truth is most people won’t even notice.
大多数人都不会真正在意自己在家使用Cat-5e，6、6a还是7电缆。 Internet连接是瓶颈，更快的电缆将无济于事。 在本地网络上的两台计算机之间传输文件或进行通信时，使用Cat-6、6a甚至7型电缆可以提高速度，但是事实是，大多数人甚至都不会注意到。
Still, there is a difference! If you’re wiring your home with cables that will be stuck there a while, you should definitely go for the highest category cable you can afford for the future-proofing and faster LAN speeds.
不过，还是有区别！ 如果您要使用会在一段时间内卡住的电缆为房屋布线，那么您绝对应该选择价格最高的电缆，以确保面向未来和更快的LAN速度。
Image Credit: Regan Walsh on Flickr, DeclanTM on Flickr, Collin Anderson on Flickr
图片来源： Flickr上的Regan Walsh，Flickr上的DeclanTM，Flickr上的Collin Anderson
lan的以太网标准
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