JavaScript Date and Moment.js终极指南

Welcome to our ultimate guide on the JavaScript Date object and Moment.js. This tutorial will teach you everything you need to know about working with dates and times in your projects.

欢迎使用我们关于JavaScript Date对象和Moment.js的最终指南。 本教程将教您有关在项目中使用日期和时间的所有知识。

如何创建Date对象 (How to Create a Date Object)

获取当前日期和时间 (Get the current date and time)

const now = new Date();

// Mon Aug 10 2019 12:58:21 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)

使用单个值获取日期和时间 (Get a date and time with individual values)

const specifiedDate = new Date(2019, 4, 29, 15, 0, 0, 0);

// Wed May 29 2019 15:00:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)

The syntax is Date(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond).

语法为Date(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond) 。

Note that the months are zero-indexed, beginning with January at 0 and ending with December at 11.

请注意，月份是零索引的，从1月的0开始到12月的11结束。

从时间戳获取日期和时间 (Get a date and time from a timestamp)

const unixEpoch = new Date(0);

This represents the time at Thursday, January 1st, 1970 (UTC), or the Unix Epoch time. The Unix Epoch is important because it's what JavaScript, Python, PHP, and other languages and systems use internally to calculate the current time.

这表示1970年1月1日星期四(UTC)的时间，即Unix Epoch的时间。 Unix Epoch非常重要，因为它是JavaScript，Python，PHP以及其他语言和系统在内部用于计算当前时间的工具。

new Date(ms) returns the date of the epoch plus the number of milliseconds you pass in. In a day there's 86,400,000 milliseconds so:

new Date(ms)返回纪元的日期加上您传递的毫秒数。一天中有86,400,000毫秒，因此：

const dayAfterEpoch = new Date(86400000);

will return Friday, January 2nd, 1970 (UTC).

将于1970年1月2日，星期五(UTC)返回。

从字符串获取日期和时间 (Get a date and time from a string)

const stringDate = new Date('May 29, 2019 15:00:00');

// Wed May 29 2019 15:00:00 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)

Getting the date this way is very flexible. All of the examples below return valid Date objects:

通过这种方式获取日期非常灵活。 下面的所有示例都返回有效的Date对象：

new Date('2019-06') // June 1st, 2019 00:00:00
new Date('2019-06-16') // June 16th, 2019
new Date('2019') // January 1st, 2019 00:00:00
new Date('JUNE 16, 2019')
new Date('6/23/2019')

You can also use the Date.parse() method to return the number of milliseconds since the epoch (January 1st, 1970):

您还可以使用Date.parse()方法返回自纪元(1970年1月1日)以来的毫秒数：

Date.parse('1970-01-02') // 86400000
Date.parse('6/16/2019') // 1560610800000

设定时区 (Setting a time zone)

When passing a date string without setting a time zone, JavaScript assumes the date/time are in UTC before converting it to your browser's time zone:

当传递日期字符串而不设置时区时，JavaScript会在将日期/时间转换为浏览器时区之前假定日期/时间为UTC：

const exactBirthdate = new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:00');

console.log(exactBirthdate) // Wed Jun 13 2018 06:27:00 GMT+0900 (Korean Standard Time)

This can lead to errors where the date returned is off by many hours. To avoid this, pass in a time zone along with the string:

这可能会导致错误，因为返回的日期要过多个小时。 为避免这种情况，请在时区中输入以下字符串：

const exactBirthdate = new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:00 GMT-1000');

console.log(exactBirthdate) // Thu Jun 14 2018 01:27:00 GMT+0900 (Korean Standard Time)

/*
These formats also work:

new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:00 GMT-10:00');
new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:00 -1000');
new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:00 -10:00');
*/

You can also pass some, but not all, time zone codes:

您还可以传递一些但不是全部的时区代码：

const exactBirthdate = new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:00 PDT');

console.log(exactBirthdate) // Thu Jun 14 2018 01:27:00 GMT+0900 (Korean Standard Time)

Date对象方法 (Date Object Methods)

Often you will not need the entire date, but just part of it like the day, week or month. Fortunately there are a number of methods to do just that:

通常，您不需要整个日期，而只需要一部分日期，例如日，周或月。 幸运的是，有许多方法可以做到这一点：

const birthday = new Date('6/13/2018 06:27:39');

birthday.getMonth() // 5 (0 is January)
birthday.getDate() // 13
birthday.getDay() // 3 (0 is Sunday)
birthday.getFullYear() // 2018
birthday.getTime() // 1528838859000 (milliseconds since the Unix Epoch)
birthday.getHours() // 6
birthday.getMinutes() // 27
birthday.getSeconds() // 39
birthday.getTimezoneOffset() // -540 (time zone offset in minutes based on your browser's location)

使用Moment.js简化日期处理 (Make Working with Dates Easier with Moment.js)

Getting dates and times right is no small task. Every country seems to have a different way of formatting dates, and accounting for different time zones and daylight savings/summer time takes, well, a whole lot of time. That's where Moment.js shines – it makes parsing, formatting, and displaying dates a breeze.

正确安排日期和时间并非易事。 每个国家/地区似乎都采用不同的日期格式，并且考虑到不同的时区和夏时制/夏令时需要花费大量时间。 这就是Moment.js的亮点-它使解析，格式化和显示日期变得轻而易举。

To start using Moment.js, install it through a package manager like npm, or add it to your site through a CDN. See the Moment.js documentation for more details.

要开始使用Moment.js，请通过npm类的包管理器进行安装，或通过CDN将其添加到您的站点中。 有关更多详细信息，请参见Moment.js文档 。

使用Moment.js获取当前日期和时间 (Get the current date and time with Moment.js)

const now = moment();

This returns an object with the date and time based on your browser's location, along with other locale information. It's similar to native JavaScript's new Date().

这将返回一个具有日期和时间的对象，该日期和时间基于浏览器的位置以及其他语言环境信息。 它类似于本机JavaScript的new Date() 。

使用Moment.js从时间戳获取日期和时间 (Get a date and time from a timestamp with Moment.js)

Similar to new Date(ms), you can pass the number of milliseconds since the epoch to moment():

类似于new Date(ms) ，您可以将自纪元以来的毫秒数传递给moment() ：

const dayAfterEpoch = moment(86400000);

If you want to get a date using a Unix timestamp in seconds, you can use the unix() method:

如果要使用以秒为单位的Unix时间戳获取日期，可以使用unix()方法：

const dayAfterEpoch = moment.unix(86400);

使用Moment.js从字符串获取日期和时间 (Get a date and time from a string with Moment.js)

Parsing a date from a string with Moment.js is easy, and the library accepts strings in the ISO 8601 or RFC 2822 Date Time format, along with any string accepted by the JavaScript Date object.

使用Moment.js从字符串中解析日期很容易，并且库接受ISO 8601或RFC 2822 Date Time格式的字符串，以及JavaScript Date对象接受的任何字符串。

ISO 8601 strings are recommended since it is a widely accepted format. Here are some examples:

推荐使用ISO 8601字符串，因为它是一种广泛接受的格式。 这里有些例子：

moment('2019-04-21');
moment('2019-04-21T05:30');
moment('2019-04-21 05:30');

moment('20190421');
moment('20190421T0530');

使用Moment.js设置时区 (Setting a time zone with Moment.js)

Up until now, we have been using Moment.js in local mode, meaning that any input is assumed to be a local date or time. This is similar to how the native JavaScript Date object works:

到目前为止，我们一直在本地模式下使用Moment.js，这意味着任何输入均假定为本地日期或时间。 这类似于本地JavaScript Date对象的工作方式：

const exactBirthMoment = moment('2018-06-13 06:27:00');

console.log(exactBirthMoment) // Wed Jun 13 2018 06:27:00 GMT+0900 (Korean Standard Time)

However, to set a time zone, you must first get the Moment object in UTC mode:

但是，要设置时区，您必须首先以UTC模式获取Moment对象：

const exactBirthMoment = moment.utc('2018-06-13 06:27:00');

console.log(exactBirthMoment) // Wed Jun 13 2018 15:27:00 GMT+0900 (Korean Standard Time)

Then you can adjust for the difference in time zones with the utcOffset() method:

然后，您可以使用utcOffset()方法调整时区的差异：

const exactBirthMoment = moment.utc('2018-06-13 06:27:00').utcOffset('+10:00');

console.log(exactBirthMoment) // Wed Jun 13 2018 06:27:00 GMT+0900 (Korean Standard Time)

You can also set the UTC offset as a number or a string:

您还可以将UTC偏移量设置为数字或字符串：

moment.utc().utcOffset(10) // Number of hours offset
moment.utc().utcOffset(600) // Number of minutes offset
moment.utc().utcOffset('+10:00') // Number of hours offset as a string

To use named time zones (America/Los_Angeles) or time zone codes (PDT) with Moment objects, check out the Moment Timezone library.

要将命名时区( America/Los_Angeles )或时区代码( PDT )与Moment对象一起使用，请签出Moment时区库。

使用Moment.js格式化日期和时间 (Format the date and time with Moment.js)

One of the major strengths that Moment.js has over native JavaScript Date objects is how easy it is to format the output date and time. Just chain the  format() method to a Moment date object and pass it a format string as a parameter:

Moment.js相对于本机JavaScript Date对象的主要优势之一是格式化输出日期和时间很容易。 只需将format()方法链接到Moment日期对象，然后将格式字符串作为参数传递给它：

moment().format('MM-DD-YY'); // "08-13-19"
moment().format('MM-DD-YYYY'); // "08-13-2019"
moment().format('MM/DD/YYYY'); // "08/13/2019"
moment().format('MMM Do, YYYY') // "Aug 13th, 2019"
moment().format('ddd MMMM Do, YYYY HH:mm:ss') // "Tues August 13th, 2019 19:29:20"
moment().format('dddd, MMMM Do, YYYY -- hh:mm:ss A') // "Tuesday, August 13th, 2019 -- 07:31:02 PM"

Here's a table with some common formatting tokens:

这是带有一些常用格式标记的表：

Input	Output	Description
YYYY	2019	4 digit year
YY	19	2 digit year
MMMM	August	Full month name
MMM	Aug	Abbreviated month name
MM	08	2 digit month
M	8	1 digit month
DDD	225	Day of the year
DD	13	Day of the month
Do	13th	Day of the month with ordinal
dddd	Wednesday	Full day name
ddd	Wed	Abbreviated day name
HH	17	Hours in 24 hour time
hh	05	Hours in 12 hour time
mm	32	Minutes
ss	19	Seconds
a	am / pm	Ante or post meridiem
A	AM / PM	Capitalized ante or post meridiem
ZZ	+0900	Timezone offset from UTC
X	1410715640.579	Unix timestamp in seconds
XX	1410715640579	Unix timestamp in milliseconds

输入项	输出量	描述
YYYY	2019年	4位数的年份
YY	19	2位数的年份
MMMM	八月	月份全称
MMM	八月	缩写的月份名称
MM	08	2位数的月份
中号	8	1位数月
DDD	225	一年中的一天
DD	13	一个月中的某天
做	13日	每月第几天
dddd	星期三	全天名称
ddd	星期三	缩写的日期名称
H	17	24小时制
h	05	12小时制
毫米	32	分钟
ss	19	秒
一个	上午下午	前或后子午线
一个	上午下午	大写的前或后子句
Z Z	+0900	UTC时区偏移量
X	1410715640.579	Unix时间戳，以秒为单位
XX	1410715640579	Unix时间戳(以毫秒为单位)

See the Moment.js docs for more formatting tokens.

有关更多格式标记，请参见Moment.js文档 。

Working with JavaScript Date objects and Moment.js doesn't have to be time consuming. Now you should know more than enough to get started with both.

使用JavaScript Date对象和Moment.js不必很费时。 现在，您应该已经足够了解这两个方面的知识。

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-ultimate-guide-to-javascript-date-and-moment-js/