plsql中dbms元数据_DBMS中的数据字典

plsql中dbms元数据

DBMS中的数据字典 (Data Dictionary in DBMS)

Data Dictionary can be defined as a DBMS component which stores the definition of characteristics of data and relationships. This "data about data" are labeled as metadata. Data Dictionary provides the DBMS with its self-describing characteristic.

数据字典可以定义为一个DBMS组件，用于存储数据特征和关系的定义 。 该“关于数据的数据”被标记为元数据。 数据字典为DBMS提供了自我描述的特性。

Image source: https://dataedo.com/asset/img/kb/glossary/data_vs_data_dictionary.png

图片来源：https://dataedo.com/asset/img/kb/glossary/data_vs_data_dictionary.png

数据字典的类型 (Types of Data Dictionary)

There are two main types of Data Dictionary in DBMS,

DBMS中有两种主要类型的数据字典 ，

1. Integrated Data Dictionary

   集成数据字典

2. Stand Alone Data Dictionary

   独立数据字典

1)集成数据字典 (1) Integrated Data Dictionary)

In DBMS, an integrated data dictionary is contained within the DBMS.

在DBMS中，DBMS中包含一个集成的数据字典。

For e.g.: Every relational DBMSs includes an integral data dictionary or system catalog and it is often accessed and updated by RDBMS. Other than relational DBMS, the other entire DBMSs mainly old one doesn't include an integral data dictionary. So, as an alternative, DBA may use stand alone data dictionary systems.

例如：每个关系DBMS都包含一个完整的数据字典或系统目录，并且RDBMS通常会对其进行访问和更新。 除了关系型DBMS外，其他整个旧的DBMS都不包括完整的数据字典。 因此，作为替代方案，DBA可以使用独立的数据字典系统。

Data Dictionary is further classified into two types:

数据字典进一步分为两种类型：

1. Active

   活性

   In DBMS, an active data dictionary gets automatically updated by DBMS when every database access occurs, and thus it keeps each access information, up-to-date.

   在DBMS中，当每次进行数据库访问时，活动数据字典都会由DBMS自动更新，从而使每个访问信息保持最新状态。

2. Passive

   被动

   In DBMS, a passive data dictionary does not getautomatically updated and often needs a batch method to run.

   在DBMS中，被动数据字典不会自动更新，并且经常需要使用批处理方法来运行。

The access information of the Data Dictionary is mainly used for query optimization purpose by DBMS. The main function of the Data Dictionary is to store the report of all database objects. In DBMS, Integrated Data Dictionary has a tendency to bind their metadata into the data.

数据字典的访问信息主要用于DBMS进行查询优化。 数据字典的主要功能是存储所有数据库对象的报告。 在DBMS中，集成数据字典倾向于将其元数据绑定到数据中。

2)独立数据字典 (2) Stand Alone Data Dictionary)

In DBMS, Stand alone data dictionary systems are typically more flexible than Integrated Data Dictionary and it permits DBA to define and manage all administration's data, doesn't matter whether the data are computerized or not.

在DBMS中， 独立数据字典系统通常比集成数据字典更灵活，并且它允许DBA定义和管理所有主管部门的数据，无论数据是否计算机化。

Stand-alone provides designers of database and the end users with improvised ability to communicate with each other doesn't matter what is the format of Data Dictionary.

独立为数据库设计人员和最终用户提供了相互交流的简易能力，而与数据字典的格式无关。

Data Dictionary is the tool to help DBA to settle all the conflicts in the data.

数据字典是帮助DBA解决数据中所有冲突的工具。

Data Dictionary doesn't have any standard format to store the information. But there are some features that are common.

数据字典没有任何标准格式来存储信息。 但是，有些功能很常见。

• Data Elements:

  数据元素：

  Data Dictionary stores the definition of all the data elements. It stores name, data types, display formats, internal storage formats, and validation rules. It also explains the use of data, where an element gets used, who has used it and so on.

  数据字典存储所有数据元素的定义。 它存储名称，数据类型，显示格式，内部存储格式和验证规则。 它还说明了数据的使用，元素的使用位置，谁使用了数据等等。

• Tables:

  表格：

  Data Dictionary stores the name of the user who created the table, number of rows and columns, date at which table has been created and authorized access and so on.

  数据字典存储创建表的用户名，行和列数，创建表的日期以及授权访问等。

• Index:

  指数：

  Data Dictionary stores the Indexes that are defined for database tables. In every index, DBMS store index name used by the attributes, location, characteristics of the index and the date of creation.

  数据字典存储为数据库表定义的索引。 在每个索引中，DBMS存储索引名称，该名称由属性，位置，索引特征和创建日期使用。

• Programs:

  程式：

  Data Dictionary stores the programs that are created to access database including report, application and screen format, SQL queries and so on.

  数据字典存储为访问数据库而创建的程序，包括报告，应用程序和屏幕格式，SQL查询等。

• Relationship between data elements:

  数据元素之间的关系：

  Data Dictionary stores whether the relationship and compulsory or optional, cardinality and connectivity and so on.

  数据字典存储关系和强制性还是可选性，基数和连接性等。

• Administrations and End Users:

  主管部门和最终用户：

  Data Dictionary stores the information of all administrations and ends users as well.

  数据字典存储所有管理部门以及最终用户的信息。

If the data that are external to the DBMS and Data Dictionary can get organized to include them, it brings the flexibility for general corporate resource management. Thus, management of such extensive Data Dictionary gives the possibility to manage the organization information’s use and allocation, and it doesn’t matter that they belong to the database or not. This is the reason for the description of Data Dictionary as information resource dictionary and also the reason for so much use of Data Dictionary among the corporate industry.

如果可以组织DBMS和数据字典外部的数据以包含它们，则可以为常规公司资源管理带来灵活性。 因此，对如此广泛的数据字典的管理使管理组织信息的使用和分配成为可能，并且它们是否属于数据库也无关紧要。 这是将数据字典描述为信息资源字典的原因，也是在企业界大量使用数据字典的原因。

If we talk about the metadata which is stored in the Data Dictionary often acts like a monitor that monitors the use of database and allocation of the rights to access the database by the users.

如果我们谈论存储在数据字典中的元数据，通常就像一个监视器，它监视数据库的使用以及用户对数据库访问权限的分配。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/dbms/data-dictionary-in-dbms.aspx

plsql中dbms元数据