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路由器简介 (Introduction to Router)

Routers are network layer devices. Data on the network layer is known as packets. Routers work to forward packets from one network to another. Routers also maintain the address table.

路由器是网络层设备。 网络层上的数据称为数据包。 路由器负责将数据包从一个网络转发到另一个网络。 路由器还维护地址表。

One thing you should always keep in mind is that the Router does not send a packet to the destination host but rather to the destination network.

您应始终牢记的一件事是，路由器不会将数据包发送到目标主机，而是发送到目标网络。

For example, a host is sending data to another host that is in another network. Router's only situation in this is that it receives data from a network and sends it to another network. After this, the responsibility of switching the data to the host is to switch.

例如，一台主机正在将数据发送到另一个网络中的另一个主机。 路由器唯一的情况是它从网络接收数据并将其发送到另一个网络。 此后，将数据切换到主机的责任就是切换。

As we told you earlier, routers routing tables maintain. In a simple routing table, the IP address of the final destination network of a packet is the IP address of the next network, and the routing is maintained.

如前所述，路由器路由表得以维护。 在一个简单的路由表中，数据包的最终目标网络的IP地址是下一个网络的IP地址，并且路由被维护。

Final destination network is the network in which destination host is sent for which data has been sent. Next network is a network that is between the source network and the destination network. Such networks are also called next hop. And the routing metrics are used to find the shortest path to the final network.

最终目标网络是在其中发送了数据的目标主机的网络。 下一个网络是源网络和目标网络之间的网络。 这样的网络也称为下一跳。 路由度量用于查找通往最终网络的最短路径。

路由器的工作 (Working of Routers)

The router is a Hardware Networking Device. It is used in the network. Whenever there is a data that travels from one network to another in the form of a Packet then the Router receives the Packet data and forwards the Destination Device after analyzing any hidden information in the Data Packet. This Networking Device is used to add different Networks via Wire or Wirelessly in Upsa. However, it is also used at home, which we call the Wireless Router with which you access the Internet.

路由器是硬件网络设备。 在网络中使用。 每当有数据以数据包的形式从一个网络传播到另一个网络时，路由器都会在分析数据数据包中的任何隐藏信息之后接收数据包数据并转发目标设备。 此网络设备用于在Upsa中通过有线或无线方式添加不同的网络。 但是，它也可以在家庭中使用，我们称之为无线路由器，您可以使用该路由器访问Internet。

As you would know, Computer network follows the OSI Model. The router works on the Network Layer from the 7 Layer of the OSI Model. This device is made from Hardware and Software. It has an Operating System, CPU, Memory Storage and some I / O Ports. This Operating System is not like Windows or MAC. Routing Algorithm and Routing Table are stored in Storage Memory.

如您所知，计算机网络遵循OSI模型。 路由器从OSI模型的7层在网络层上工作。 该设备由硬件和软件制成。 它具有操作系统，CPU，内存存储和一些I / O端口。 该操作系统不同于Windows或MAC。 路由算法和路由表存储在存储存储器中。

It is found through the Routing Algorithm and Routing Table that the input packet has been received. To send that packet to which network or to the corner device which analyses it.

通过路由算法和路由表可以发现已收到输入数据包。 将数据包发送到哪个网络或分析它的角落设备。

For example, let's consider a courier boy as a router. Courier boy receives the courier from the courier office. After this, he notes the address and name on Parcel. After which he decides which place and where to give Parcel. After that, he sends the Parcel to the receiver's address. Now let’s understand this example through routers’ perspective.

例如，让我们考虑一个快递男孩作为路由器。 快递员男孩从快递员办公室接收快递员。 此后，他在包裹上注明了地址和名字。 之后，他决定在哪个地方寄包裹。 之后，他将包裹发送到收件人的地址。 现在让我们通过路由器的角度来理解这个例子。

According to the above example, "Parcel" is your data packet. Like the courier, boy finds the address. Similarly, Router also selects the Shortest Path to detect the Receiver Address of Packets by the Routing Table after which it is sent. As there is a list of an address near the courier boy, there is also a description in the Routing Table.

根据以上示例，“包裹”是您的数据包。 像快递员一样，男孩找到了地址。 类似地，路由器还选择最短路径以通过路由表检测数据包的接收方地址，然后发送该最短路径。 由于快递员附近有一个地址列表，因此路由表中也有描述。

路由器使用的协议 (Protocols used with Routers)

Routers use 2 types of protocols to forward data to a network:

路由器使用两种类型的协议将数据转发到网络：

• Routed protocols

  路由协议

  Every device in such protocols is given an IP address manually. Only then devices know each other's location. An example of this type of protocol is the IP (Internet Protocol). Data is sent through such protocols.

  此类协议中的每个设备都会手动获得一个IP地址。 只有这样，设备才能知道彼此的位置。 此类协议的一个示例是IP(Internet协议)。 数据通过此类协议发送。

• Routing protocols

  路由协议

  Such protocols are used between routers. With the help of these, routers update their routing tables. When a router receives information from a new network, it updates it in its routing table and this information updates with other routers automatically with the help of routing protocols. In the example of routing protocols, the main name is EIGRP, RIP, and OSPF.

  这些协议在路由器之间使用。 借助这些，路由器可以更新其路由表。 当路由器从新网络接收信息时，它将在其路由表中对其进行更新，并且该信息将在路由协议的帮助下与其他路由器自动更新。 在路由协议示例中，主要名称为EIGRP，RIP和OSPF。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/routers-and-its-protocols.aspx

ubuntu路由器联网