螺旋遍历_螺旋形式的水平阶遍历

螺旋遍历

Problem statement:

问题陈述：

Write a program to print Level Order Traversal in spiral form of a binary tree.

编写一个程序以二叉树的螺旋形式打印Level Level Traversal 。

Example:

例：

For the above tree:
Basic level order traversal:
    2
    7 5
    2 6 9
    5 11 4
Level order traversal in spiral form:
    2
    7 5 (left to right)
    9 6 2 (right to left)
    5 11 4 (again left to right)

Solution:

解：

The solution will, of course, surround basic level order traversal. The spiral order means - It will go from left to right for one level, then right to left for next level and again left to right for the next one and so on.

当然，解决方案将围绕基本级别的顺序遍历 。 螺旋顺序表示-它将从左向右移动一个级别，然后从右向左移动到下一个级别，再从左向右移动到下一个级别，依此类推。

We need to modify our basic level order traversal.

我们需要修改基本的层级遍历 。

We can do the flipping of direction (left → right then right → left so on ...) by keeping a flag variable which will be updated at end of each level.

我们可以通过保持标记变量来进行方向翻转(左→右然后右→左等等)，这将在每个级别的末尾进行更新。

Pre-requisite: Root to tree

先决条件：从树到根

1.  Declare flag as 1(true);
2.  Declare a queue q to store pointer to nodes(node*);
3.  Declare a stack s which helps us for flipping.
4.  Print the root as we are not going to bother about root level;
5.  IF(root->left) //left child exists
        ENQUEUE(q, root->left);
    END IF
    IF(root->right) //right child exists
        ENQUEUE(q, root->right);
    END IF
    IF root has no child
        RETURN BACK //nothing to print more
    ELSE
        q.push(NULL); //to indicate end of 1st level

6.  //Here goes the modified level order traversal
    When flag=1 its left-to right 
    flag=0 its right to left
    while (q is not empty){
        temp=DEQUEUE(q);	
        IF(temp==NULL) //end of last traversed level
            IF (q is not empty)
                ENQUEUE (q, NULL);
            END IF
            IF (flag==0)
                Pop and print data from stack until stack is empty
            END IF	
            flag=1-flag; //flip flag for next level 1 to 0 or 0 to 1
        ELSE
            IF(flag == 1)
                Print temp->data; //left to right printing		
            ELSE
                Push temp->data to stack s; //this makes right to left 
                //printing as rightmost node will be at the top of stack
            END IF-ELSE
            // basic level order traversal (direction left to right)
            IF(root->left) //left child exists
                ENQUEUE(q, root->left);
            END IF
            IF (root->right) //right child exists
                ENQUEUE(q, root->right);
            END IF
        END IF-ELSE (outer one)
    END WHILE loop

Example with Explanation:

解释示例：

    For the above tree root is being printed 
    
    first without any constraint
    2
    
    For the first level flag is 1
    
    Thus it prints immediately while accessing temp node
    7 5 (since basic traversal direction is always left to right)
    
    At the end of level flag flips to 0
    
    So while traversing instead of printing nodes at once, 
    nodes get stored in stack
    
    At the end of level all the nodes data being popped and printed.
    In stack
    9(top)
    6
    2

    Thus printing
    9 6 2 (right to left)
    
    Flag again flipped to 1
    
    Basic left to right printing
    5 11 4
    So the output is in spiral order

C++ implementation:

C ++实现：

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// tree node is defined
class Node{
	public:
		int data;
		Node *left;
		Node *right;
};

// creating new node
Node* newnode(int data)  
{ 
	Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); 
	node->data = data; 
	node->left = NULL; 
	node->right = NULL; 
	return(node); 
} 

void printSpiral(Node *root)
{
	Node* temp;
	int flag=1;	
	queue<Node*> q;
	stack<int> s;
	
	cout<<root->data<<"\n";
	if(root->left)
		q.push(root->left);
	if(root->right)
		q.push(root->right);
	if(!root->left && !root->right)
		return;
	
	q.push(NULL);
	
	while(!q.empty()){
		temp=q.front();
		q.pop();
		if(temp==NULL){
			if(!q.empty())
				q.push(NULL);
			if(flag==0){
				while(!s.empty()){
					cout<<s.top()<<" ";
					s.pop();
				}
			}
			flag=1-flag;
			cout<<endl;
		}
		else{
			if(flag){
				cout<<temp->data<<" ";
			}
			else{
				s.push(temp->data);
			}
			if(temp->left)
				q.push(temp->left);
			if(temp->right)
				q.push(temp->right);
		}
	}
}


int main() { 
	//**same tree is builted as shown in example**
	Node *root=newnode(2); 
	root->left= newnode(7); 
	root->right= newnode(5); 
	root->right->right=newnode(9);
	root->right->right->left=newnode(4);
	root->left->left=newnode(2); 
	root->left->right=newnode(6);
	root->left->right->left=newnode(5);
	root->left->right->right=newnode(11);

	cout<<"Level Order traversal in spiral form of ";
	cout<<"the binary tree is :"<<endl; 
	printSpiral(root); 

	return 0; 
}

Output

输出量

Level Order traversal in spiral form of the binary tree is :
2
7 5
9 6 2
5 11 4

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/icp/level-order-traversal-in-spiral-form.aspx

螺旋遍历