在Python中复制和重命名文件

Using shutil (shell utilities) module, file operation such as copy, rename, move, etc is very handy. To copy and rename, there are two approaches:

使用shutil(shell实用程序)模块 ，文件操作(例如复制，重命名，移动等)非常方便。 要复制和重命名 ，有两种方法：

1. Move the file with new name

   用新名称移动文件

2. Copy and rename file using 'OS' module

   使用“ OS”模块复制和重命名文件

1)移动并重命名文件 (1) Move and Rename file)

move function

移动功能

    shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2)

The above method recursively moves the file from src to dst and returns the destination.

上面的方法将文件从src递归移动到dst并返回目标。

Reminders,

提醒事项

• If the destination is an existing directory, then the src object is moved inside the given dst.

  如果目标是现有目录，则将src对象移动到给定的dst中 。

• In case the destination already exists and is not a directory, it will be overwritten using os.rename().

  如果目标已经存在并且不是目录，则将使用os.rename()覆盖它。

• In case the destination is on the current filesystem, then os.rename() is used. In the case of symlinks, a new symlink pointing to the target of src will be created in or as dst and src will be removed.

  如果目标位于当前文件系统上，则使用os.rename() 。 对于符号链接 ，将在dst中或作为dst创建指向src目标的新符号链接 ，并删除src 。

• The default copy_function is copy2(). Using copy() as the copy_function allows the move to succeed.

  默认的copy_function是copy2() 。 使用copy()作为copy_function可以使移动成功。

用于移动和重命名文件的Python代码 (Python code for move and rename file)

List command:

列出命令：

    -bash-4.2$ ls
    python_samples test test.txt test.txt.copy test.txt.copy2 -

More & rename files:

更多和重命名文件：

# Importing the modules
import os
import shutil

# gets the current working dir
src_dir = os.getcwd() 
# defining the dest directory
dest_file = src_dir + "/python_samples/test_renamed_file.txt"

# moving
shutil.move('test.txt',dest_dir)

# listing the files 
print(os.listdir())

os.chdir(dest_dir)

# list of files in dest
print(os.listdir()) 

Output

输出量

'/home/sradhakr/Desktop/my_work/python_samples/ test_renamed_file.txt'
['python_samples', 'test', 'test.txt.copy', 'test.txt.copy2']
['.git', '.gitignore', 'README.md', 'src', ' test_renamed_file.txt']

使用os和shutil模块进行复制和重命名 (Copy and rename using os and shutil module)

In this approach we use the shutil.copy() function to copy the file and os.rename() to rename the file.

在这种方法中，我们使用shutil.copy()函数复制文件，并使用os.rename()重命名文件。

# Importing the modules
import os
import shutil

src_dir = os.getcwd() #get the current working dir
print(src_dir)

# create a dir where we want to copy and rename
dest_dir = os.mkdir('subfolder')
os.listdir()

dest_dir = src_dir+"/subfolder"
src_file = os.path.join(src_dir, 'test.txt.copy2')
shutil.copy(src_file,dest_dir) #copy the file to destination dir

dst_file = os.path.join(dest_dir,'test.txt.copy2')
new_dst_file_name = os.path.join(dest_dir, 'test.txt.copy3')

os.rename(dst_file, new_dst_file_name)#rename
os.chdir(dest_dir)

print(os.listdir())

Output

输出量

/home/user/Desktop/my_work
['python_samples', 'subfolder', 'test', 'test.txt.copy2', 'test.txt.copy_1']
'/home/sradhakr/Desktop/my_work/subfolder/test.txt.copy2'
['test.txt.copy3']

Summary: shutil (shell utilities module ) is a more pythonic way to perform the file or directory copy , move or rename operations.

简介： shutil (shell实用程序模块)是执行文件或目录复制，移动或重命名操作的更Python方式。

Reference: https://docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html

参考： https : //docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/python/copy-and-rename-files.aspx