stl向量_在C ++ STL中从向量访问元素的不同方法

stl向量

从向量访问元素的不同方法 (Different ways to access elements from a vector)

1)使用[]运算子 (1) Using [] operator)

Syntax:

句法：

    vector_name[index]

Parameter: index – is the position in vector.(0-based indexing)

参数： index –是向量中的位置。(从0开始的索引)

Return Value: The element at that given index.

返回值：给定索引处的元素。

Example:

例：

    vector<int> a;

    a.push_back(1);
    a.push_back(2);
    a.push_back(3);

    int p=a[0]; //p=1
    int q=a[1]; //q=2

a[n] for any n out of index bound it reflects undefined behavior (depends on compiler).

对于索引范围外的任何n ， a [n]反映未定义的行为(取决于编译器)。

2)使用函数.at(index) (2) Using function .at(index))

Syntax:

句法：

    vector_name.at(pos_n)

Parameter: index of desired element

参数：所需元素的索引

Return value: Returns the referenced element present at input index.

返回值：返回输入索引处存在的引用元素。

It returns a reference to the element and this function automatically checks whether n is within the range or not. In case of exception it raises out of index range error.

它返回对该元素的引用，并且此函数自动检查n是否在范围内。 如果出现异常，则会超出索引范围错误。

That's the difference between .at() and [] operator does not keep any check for out of the index bounds.

那就是.at()和[]运算符之间的区别，它不会使任何检查超出索引范围。

Example:

例：

    //On same vector a

    int p=a.at(0); //p=1
    int q=a.at(1); //q=2

    a.at(4) //compilation error

3)front()函数 (3) front() function)

Syntax:

句法：

    vector_name.front()

Parameter: None

参数：无

Return value: Return the reference of first element of the vector.

返回值：返回向量的第一个元素的引用。

Example:

例：

    //On same vector a

    int p=a.front() //p=1

Note: Calling this function on an empty vector shows undefined behavior.

注意：在空向量上调用此函数将显示未定义的行为。

4)back()函数 (4) back() function)

Syntax:

句法：

    vector_name.back()

Parameter: None

参数：无

Return: Reference of last element.

返回值：最后一个元素的引用。

Example:

例：

    //On same vector a

    int q=a.back() //q=3

Note: Calling this function on an empty vector shows undefined behavior.

注意：在空向量上调用此函数将显示未定义的行为。

C++ code to demonstrate example of the functions to access vector elements

C ++代码演示访问向量元素的功能示例

// C++ program to show 
// how to access elements in vector in C++ STL>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main( )
{
	// declaring vector n
	vector<int>n{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0};
	
	/* This is how the operator[i]
	in c++ works i is the index
	which is changing continuously
	i.e printing the vector is best example*/

	cout <<"Output of operator[]: \n";
	for(int i=0; i<n.size(); i++)
	cout<<n[i]<<" ";
	
	/* This is how at() works similar
	to the operator[] ,
	Here it changes the whole vector
	*/
	cout << "\n\nOutput of at(): \n";
	for(int i=0; i<n.size(); i++)
	{
	n.at(i)=i;
	cout<<n.at(i)<<" ";
	}
	cout << "\n\nOutput of change vector because of at(): \n";
	for(int i=0; i<n.size(); i++)
	cout<<n[i]<<" ";

	
	/*This is how the front()
	works by using that here we are
	accessing the front element of vector
	*/
	cout << "\n\nOutput of front(): \n";
	cout<<n.front();


	
	/*This is how the back()
	works by using that here we are
	accessing the back element of vector
	*/
	cout << "\n\nOutput of back(): \n";
	cout<<n.back();

	return 0;
}

Output

输出量

Output of operator[]:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Output of at():
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Output of change vector because of at():
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Output of front():
0

Output of back():
9

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/stl/different-ways-to-access-elements-from-a-vector-in-cpp-stl.aspx

stl向量