dbms数据库管理系统_DBMS中的面向文件和数据库方法

dbms数据库管理系统

文件处理系统 (File processing system)

In the earlier age the computer system was used to store business records and produce different information. They were generally faster and more accurate than equivalent manual systems. These systems stored groups of records in separate file and so they were called file processing system.

在早期，计算机系统用于存储业务记录并产生不同的信息。 它们通常比同等的手动系统更快，更准确。 这些系统将记录组存储在单独的文件中，因此它们被称为文件处理系统。

In a typical file processing systems, each department has its own files, designed especially for those applications. The department itself works with the data processing staff, sets policies or standards for the format and maintenance of its files.

在典型的文件处理系统中，每个部门都有自己的文件，这些文件是专门为那些应用程序设计的。 该部门本身与数据处理人员合作，为文件的格式和维护制定政策或标准。

文件处理系统的缺点 (Disadvantages of File processing system)

1) Data redundancy

1)数据冗余

In computer system many files are likely in the different formats and the programs are written in different programming languages. Moreover, the same information may be duplicated in several files, this duplication of data is known as data redundancy.

在计算机系统中，许多文件可能采用不同的格式，并且程序以不同的编程语言编写。 此外，相同的信息可能会在多个文件中重复，这种数据重复称为数据冗余。

Example: The address and telephone number of a particular customer may appear in a file that consist of saving account records and in a file that consist of checking account record.

示例：特定客户的地址和电话号码可能会出现在包含保存帐户记录的文件和包含检查帐户记录的文件中。

2) Data inconsistency

2)数据不一致

Various copies contain the same type of data which may no longer which means that various copies of same data may contain different kind of information.

各种副本包含不再可能的相同类型的数据，这意味着同一数据的各种副本可能包含不同种类的信息。

Example: A changed customer address may be reflected in savings account records but not elsewhere in the system.

示例：更改的客户地址可能会反映在储蓄帐户记录中，但不会反映在系统中的其他位置。

3) Difficulty in accessing data

3)难以访问数据

In file processing system it is very difficult to access the data in a specific way and it also require a special application program which carry out new task.

在文件处理系统中，很难以特定的方式访问数据，并且还需要执行新任务的特殊应用程序。

4) Data isolation

4)数据隔离

Because data are scattered in various files and files may be in different formats, writing new applications program to retrieve the appropriate data is difficult.

由于数据分散在各种文件中，并且文件的格式可能不同，因此编写新的应用程序以检索适当的数据非常困难。

5) Integrity problem

5)诚信问题

Database must satisfy a particular consistency constraint. These constraints are added in application program.

数据库必须满足特定的一致性约束。 这些约束添加在应用程序中。

Example: The balance of a bank account may never fall below a prescribed amount.

示例：银行帐户的余额可能永远不会低于规定的金额。

6) Atomicity problem

6)原子性问题

A computer system, like any other mechanical or electrical devices, is subject to failure. In many applications, it is crucial that if failure occurs, the data be restored to the consistent state that existed prior to the failure.

像任何其他机械或电气设备一样，计算机系统也会发生故障。 在许多应用程序中，至关重要的是，如果发生故障，则将数据还原到故障之前存在的一致状态。

7) Concurrent access anomalies

7)并发访问异常

If two programs run concurrently it is important to has supervision. But supervision is difficult to provide because data is decentralised in file processing system. In such an environment, interaction updates may result in inconsistent data.

如果两个程序同时运行，则必须进行监督。 但是由于文件处理系统中的数据分散，难以提供监督。 在这种环境中，交互更新可能会导致数据不一致。

8) Security problems

8)安全问题

In this not every user of the database system should be able to access all the data.

在这种情况下，并非数据库系统的每个用户都应该能够访问所有数据。

数据库方法 (Database approach)

A database approach represents some aspects of real world called universe. Database management system protects the database and maintains it over long period of time. DBMS provides a view facility that enables user to have higher view of database.

数据库方法代表了称为Universe的现实世界的某些方面。 数据库管理系统可保护数据库并长期维护它。 DBMS提供了一种视图工具，使用户可以拥有更高的数据库视图。

数据库管理方法的功能 (Functions of Database management approach)

• Database management allow us to manipulating and sharing the database among various users and applications.

  数据库管理使我们能够在各种用户和应用程序之间操作和共享数据库。

• It also provides a recovery system to restore data in consistent state.

  它还提供了一个恢复系统，可以以一致的状态恢复数据。

• It allows us to creating standard and user- friendly interface and supports abstract and multimedia data types.

  它使我们能够创建标准且用户友好的界面，并支持抽象和多媒体数据类型。

• DBMS enhances the database programmer’s productivity by supporting code reusability.

  DBMS通过支持代码可重用性来提高数据库程序员的生产力。

• It also enhances the system portability and support extensibility.

  它还增强了系统的可移植性和支持的可扩展性。

• In DBMS data redundancies and inconsistencies in data are reduced due to single file formats and duplication of data is eliminated.

  在DBMS中，由于单一文件格式，减少了数据的冗余和不一致，并消除了重复数据。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/dbms/file-oriented-and-database-approach.aspx

dbms数据库管理系统