操作系统设备管理_操作系统中的设备和安全管理

操作系统设备管理

设备管理简介 (Introduction to Device Management)

Device Management is another important function of the operating system. Device management is responsible for managing all the hardware devices of the computer system. It may also include the management of the storage device as well as the management of all the input and output devices of the computer system. It is the responsibility of the operating system to keep track of the status of all the devices in the computer system. The status of any computing devices, internal or external may be either free or busy. If a device requested by a process is free at a specific instant of time, the operating system allocates it to the process.

设备管理是操作系统的另一个重要功能。 设备管理负责管理计算机系统的所有硬件设备。 它还可能包括存储设备的管理以及计算机系统的所有输入和输出设备的管理。 操作系统有责任跟踪计算机系统中所有设备的状态。 内部或外部任何计算设备的状态都可以是空闲或忙碌。 如果进程请求的设备在特定时间空闲，则操作系统会将其分配给进程。

An operating system manages the devices in a computer system with the help of device controllers and device drivers. Each device in the computer system is equipped with the help of device controller. For example, the various devices controllers in a computer system may be disk controller, printer controller, tape-drive controller and memory controller. All these devices controllers are connected with each other through a system bus. The device controllers are actually the hardware components that contains some buffers registers to store the data temporarily. The transfer of data between a running process and the various devices of the computer system is accomplished only through these devices controllers.

操作系统借助设备控制器和设备驱动程序来管理计算机系统中的设备。 计算机系统中的每个设备都配有设备控制器。 例如，计算机系统中的各种设备控制器可以是磁盘控制器，打印机控制器，磁带驱动器控制器和内存控制器。 所有这些设备控制器都通过系统总线相互连接。 设备控制器实际上是包含一些缓冲区寄存器的硬件组件，用于临时存储数据。 仅通过这些设备控制器才能在运行的进程与计算机系统的各种设备之间进行数据传输。

设备管理的一些重点 (Some important points of device management)

1. An operating system communicates with the devices controllers with the help of device drivers while allocating the device to the various processes running on the computer system.

   操作系统在设备驱动程序的帮助下与设备控制器进行通信，同时将设备分配给计算机系统上运行的各种进程。

2. Device drivers are the software programs that are used by an operating system to control the functioning of various devices in a uniform manner.

   设备驱动程序是操作系统使用的软件程序，用于以统一的方式控制各种设备的功能。

3. The device drivers may also be regarded as the system software programs acting as an intermediary between the processes and the devices controllers.

   设备驱动程序也可以被视为充当过程与设备控制器之间的中介的系统软件程序。

4. The device controller used in the device management operation usually includes three different registers command, status, and data.

   设备管理操作中使用的设备控制器通常包括三个不同的寄存器命令，状态和数据。

5. The other major responsibility of the device management function is to implement the Application Programming Interface (API).

   设备管理功能的另一个主要职责是实现应用程序编程接口(API)。

安全管理 (Security Management)

The security management function of an operating system helps in implementing mechanisms that secure and protect the computer system internally as well as externally. Therefore an operating system is responsible for securing the system at two different levels which are internal security and external security.

操作系统的安全管理功能有助于实现内部和外部保护和保护计算机系统的机制。 因此，操作系统负责在两个不同级别上保护系统安全，即内部安全性和外部安全性。

1)内部安全 (1) Internal security)

Internal security refers to the protection of activities of one process from the activities of another process. The term internal security may also be regarded as system protection. The internal security of the computer system also ensures the reliability of the computer system. There may be a number of process running in the computer systems use the concept of least privilege to implement internal security.

内部安全是指保护一个流程的活动免受另一流程的活动的影响。 内部安全性一词也可以视为系统保护。 计算机系统的内部安全性也确保了计算机系统的可靠性。 计算机系统中可能有许多正在运行的进程使用最小特权的概念来实现内部安全性。

2)外部安全 (2) External security)

External security refers to the implementation of a mechanism for securing the data and programs stored in the computer system as well as the various resources of the computer system against unauthorized access. The term external security may also be regarded as system security. External security is particularly required when a computer system is either on a network or connected to the internet.

外部安全性是指一种机制的实现，该机制用于保护存储在计算机系统中的数据和程序以及计算机系统的各种资源免受未经授权的访问。 术语“外部安全性”也可以视为系统安全性。 当计算机系统在网络上或连接到Internet时，特别需要外部安全性。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/device-and-security-management.aspx

操作系统设备管理