高级编程语言分类_高级编程语言的分类

高级编程语言分类

高级编程语言 (High-level programming languages)

The high-level programming languages can be categorized into different types on the basis of the application area in which they are employed as well as the different design paradigms supported by them. The high-level programming languages are designed for use in a number of areas. Each high-level language is designed by keeping its target application area in mind. Some of the high-level languages are best suited for business domains, while others are apt in the scientific domain only. The high-level language can be categorized on the basis of the various programming paradigms approved by them. The programming paradigms refer to the approach employed by the programming language for solving the different types of problem.

可以根据使用它们的应用领域以及它们所支持的不同设计范例 ，将高级编程语言分为不同的类型。 高级编程语言被设计用于许多领域。 在设计每种高级语言时，都要牢记其目标应用程序领域。 一些高级语言最适合业务领域，而其他一些仅适用于科学领域。 可以根据他们认可的各种编程范例对高级语言进行分类。 编程范例是指编程语言用于解决不同类型问题的方法。

1.基于应用程序的分类 (1. Categorisation based on Application)

On the basis of application area the high level language can be divided into the following types:

根据应用领域，高级语言可以分为以下几种类型：

i)商业语言 (i) Commercial languages)

These programming languages are dedicated to the commercial domain and are specially designed for solving business-related problems. These languages can be used in organization for processing handling the data related to payroll, accounts payable and tax building applications. COBOL is the best example of the commercial based high-level programming language employed in the business domain.

这些编程语言专用于商业领域，是专门为解决与业务相关的问题而设计的。 这些语言可以在组织中用于处理与薪资，应付账款和税务建立应用程序相关的数据。 COBOL是在商业领域中使用的基于商业的高级编程语言的最佳示例。

ii)科学语言 (ii) Scientific languages)

These programming languages are dedicated to the scientific domain and are specially designed for solving different scientific and mathematical problems. These languages can be used to develop programs for performing complex calculation during scientific research. FORTRAN is the best example of scientific based language.

这些编程语言专用于科学领域，是专门为解决不同的科学和数学问题而设计的。 这些语言可用于开发在科学研究过程中执行复杂计算的程序。 FORTRAN是科学语言的最佳范例。

iii)特殊目的语言 (iii) Special purpose languages)

These programming languages are specially designed for performing some dedicated functions. For example, SQL is a high-level language specially designed to interact with the database programs only. Therefore we can say that the special purpose high-level language is designed to support a particular domain area only.

这些编程语言是为执行某些专用功能而专门设计的。 例如，SQL是一种专门设计用于仅与数据库程序进行交互的高级语言。 因此，可以说，专用高级语言仅设计用于支持特定领域。

iv)通用语言 (iv) General purpose languages)

These programming languages are used for developing different types of software application regardless of their application area. The various examples of general purpose high-level programming languages are BASIC, C, C++, and java.

这些编程语言用于开发不同类型的软件应用程序，而不管其应用程序领域如何。 通用高级编程语言的各种示例是BASIC，C，C ++和Java。

2.基于设计范式的分类 (2. Categorisation based on Design paradigm)

On the basis of design paradigms the high level programming languages can be categorised into the following types:

根据设计范例，高级编程语言可以分为以下几种类型：

i)面向过程的语言 (i) Procedure-oriented languages)

These programming languages are also called an imperative programming language. In this language, a program is written as a sequence of procedures. Each procedure contains a series of instruction for performing a specific task. Each procedure can be called by the other procedures during the program execution. In this type of programming paradigms, a code once written in the form of a procedure can be used any number of times in the program by only specifying the corresponding procedure name. Therefore the procedure-oriented language allows the data to move freely around the system. The various examples of procedure-oriented language are FORTRAN, ALGOL, C, BASIC, and ADA.

这些编程语言也称为命令式编程语言。 用这种语言，将程序编写为一系列过程。 每个过程都包含一系列用于执行特定任务的指令。 在程序执行过程中，其他过程可以调用每个过程。 在这种类型的编程范例中，一次以过程形式编写的代码可以通过仅指定相应的过程名称在程序中多次使用。 因此，面向过程的语言允许数据在系统中自由移动。 面向过程的语言的各种示例是FORTRAN，ALGOL，C，BASIC和ADA。

ii)面向逻辑的语言 (ii) Logic-oriented languages)

These languages use logic programming paradigms as the design approach for solving various computational problems. In this programming paradigms predicate logic is used to describe the nature of a problem by defining the relationship between rules and facts. Prolog is the best example of the logic-oriented programming language.

这些语言使用逻辑编程范例作为解决各种计算问题的设计方法。 在此编程范例中，谓词逻辑用于通过定义规则与事实之间的关系来描述问题的性质。 Prolog是面向逻辑的编程语言的最佳示例。

iii)面向对象的语言 (iii) Object-oriented languages)

These languages use object-oriented programming paradigms as the design approach for solving a given problem. In this programming language, a problem is divided into a number of objects which can interact by passing messages to each other. C++ and C# are the examples of object-oriented programming language.

这些语言使用面向对象的编程范例作为解决给定问题的设计方法。 在这种编程语言中，问题被划分为多个对象，这些对象可以通过相互传递消息来进行交互。 C ++和C＃是面向对象编程语言的示例。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/categorisation-of-high-level-programming-languages.aspx

高级编程语言分类