Python继承范例

Hello everyone to python inheritance example. In our last tutorial, we learned about python operator overloading. In this tutorial, we are going to discuss another important object-oriented feature of python, that is Inheritance.

大家好，以python继承为例。 在上一教程中，我们了解了python运算符重载 。 在本教程中，我们将讨论python的另一个重要的面向对象功能，即继承。

Python继承 (Python Inheritance)

Basically, inheritance is included in almost every object-oriented programming languages. Python Inheritance enables us to use the member attributes and methods of one class into another.

基本上，几乎所有面向对象的编程语言都包含继承。 Python继承使我们可以将一个类的成员属性和方法用于另一个类。

Python继承术语 (Python Inheritance Terminologies)

1. Superclass: The class from which attributes and methods will be inherited.
   超类：将从其继承属性和方法的类。
2. Subclass: The class which inherits the members from superclass.
   子类：从超类继承成员的类。
3. Method Overriding: Redefining the definitions of methods in subclass which was already defined in superclass.
   方法重写：重新定义子类中已经在超类中定义的方法的定义。

Python继承范例 (Python Inheritance Example)

Now, let’s work with a python inheritance example program.

现在，让我们使用python继承示例程序。

#Line:1, definition of the superclass starts here  
class Person:  
    #initializing the variables  
    name = ""  
    age = 0  
  
    #defining constructor  
    def __init__(self, personName, personAge):  
        self.name = personName  
        self.age = personAge  
  
    #defining class methods  
    def showName(self):  
        print(self.name)  
  
    def showAge(self):  
        print(self.age)  
  
    #Line: 19, end of superclass definition  
  
#definition of subclass starts here
class Student(Person): #Line: 22, Person is the  superclass and Student is the subclass
    studentId = ""  
  
    def __init__(self, studentName, studentAge, studentId):  
        Person.__init__(self, studentName, studentAge)  #Line: 26, Calling the superclass constructor and sending values of attributes.
        self.studentId = studentId  
  
    def getId(self):  
        return self.studentId  #returns the value of student id
#end of subclass definition
  
  
# Create an object of the superclass  
person1 = Person("Richard", 23)  #Line: 35
#call member methods of the objects  
person1.showAge()  
# Create an object of the subclass  
student1 = Student("Max", 22, "102")  #Line: 39
print(student1.getId())  
student1.showName()  #Line: 41

Now, we are going to explain the above example to understand how inheritance works in python.

现在，我们将解释上面的示例，以了解继承如何在python中工作。

定义超类 (Defining Superclass)

Line 1 – 19 defines the superclass. You should have no trouble in understanding this if you are familiar with python class. Class Person is defined with necessary constructor, attributes and methods. Explanation of this segment has already been provided in Python Class tutorial.

第1-19行定义了超类。 如果您熟悉python类，则无需理会。 使用必需的构造函数，属性和方法定义Person类。 Python类教程中已经提供了此部分的说明。

定义子类 (Defining Subclass)

According to the rule of inheritance, the subclass inherits the attributes and methods of its superclass. Line 22 shows how subclass Student extends Person as its superclass. The name of superclass has to be kept in parentheses while declaring the subclass. And the constructor has to call the superclass constructor with appropriate attribute values (if needed) as shown in line 26. Apart from that, everything is the same as defining a normal python class.

根据继承规则，子类继承其超类的属性和方法。 第22行显示子类Student如何将Person扩展为其超类。 在声明子类时，必须在括号中保留超类的名称。 并且构造函数必须使用适当的属性值（如果需要）调用超类构造函数，如第26行所示。除此之外，所有操作都与定义普通的python类相同。

After defining both the superclass and the subclass, we may create objects of superclass and subclass as in lines 35 and 39. As we have been told earlier, the subclass inherits the attributes and methods. You may notice here that the object student1 (object of Student subclass) has the method showName under its scope (line 41).

在定义了超类和子类之后，我们可以像第35和39行中那样创建超类和子类的对象。正如我们前面所讲的，子类继承了属性和方法。 您可能在这里注意到，对象student1（Student子类的对象）在其作用域内（第41行）具有showName方法。

After running on python compiler, the code yields the following output.

在python编译器上运行后，代码将产生以下输出。

So, this was the basic of python inheritance. We shall learn more on inheritance in multiple inheritance section. Happy Coding and Good Bye!

因此，这是python继承的基础。 我们将在多重继承一节中详细了解继承。 祝您编码愉快，再见！

GitHub Repository. GitHub存储库中检出完整的python脚本和更多Python示例。

Reference: Python.org Doc.

参考： Python.org Doc 。

翻译自: https://www.journaldev.com/14633/python-inheritance-example