mysql存储过程日期处理_在PHP和MySQL中处理日期和时间-过程版本

mysql存储过程日期处理

Introduction

介绍

This article is very old, and while most of its principles are sound, PHP programming has changed a lot in the last decade.  For that reason, I've updated this information in another article that shows the object-oriented ways of handling date/time issues.  You can find the 2015 version of this information here:

本文非常古老，尽管其大多数原理都是合理的，但PHP编程在过去十年中发生了很大变化。 因此，我在另一篇文章中更新了此信息，该文章展示了处理日期/时间问题的面向对象方法。 您可以在以下位置找到此信息的2015版本：

http://www.experts-exchange.com/articles/20920/Handling-Date-and-Time-in-PHP-and-MySQL-OOP-Version.html

http://www.experts-exchange.com/articles/20920/Handling-Date-and-Time-in-PHP-and-MySQL-OOP-Version.html

The DATE/TIME Tower of Babel

巴别塔的日期/时间塔

Human beings can read dates and times in a variety of ways.  We readily understand such things as September 5th, 2010, and we know that it comes before November 11th, 2010,and after May 9th, 2010.  We have shorthand conventions that let us write things like 9/5/2010 or the military correspondence format 5 Sep 2010.  But when we try to process dates and times in a computer program, this variety of formats becomes a jumble of confusion.  In response to the confusion, the International Organization for Standards was moved to publish a standard in 1988.  The standard has been revised and extended somewhat since the original publication.  The only thing that mystifies students of history is why it took so long to promulgate a standard.

人类可以以多种方式读取日期和时间。 我们很容易理解诸如2010年9月5日之类的东西，并且知道它早于2010年11月11日以及2010年5月9日之后。我们有速记约定，可让我们编写诸如9/5/2010之类的内容或军事通信格式2010年9月5日。但是，当我们尝试在计算机程序中处理日期和时间时，这种多种格式变得一团混乱。 为了应对这种混乱，国际标准组织（International Organization for Standards）于1988年被要求发布标准。自最初发布以来，该标准已经过修订和扩展。 唯一使历史学生感到迷惑的是为什么要花这么长时间颁布标准。

Toward a Universal DATETIME Notation

迈向通用DATETIME表示法

Date formats for computer processing are prescribed by the ISO-8601 standard.  The ISO-8601 standard places all the information in fixed-width data strings with leading zeros where needed.  When you read ISO-8601 standard information you notice immediately that everything lines up in columns.  The larger values are to the left and progressively smaller values are to the right, starting with Year, then Month, then Day, then Hour, etc.  Date / time information formatted according to the standard is very useful because it is both easy to read and easy to understand in comparisons and computations.  For example, the date '2010-09-05' is a valid ISO-8601 string meaning September 5th, 2010.  Imagine how difficult it would be to write programming that works with dates in the text formats, or dates that are formatted like this: 05.09.2010.  Does that mean May 9th, 2010 or September 5th, 2010?  Fortunately the ISO-8601 standard removes the ambiguity.

ISO-8601标准规定了用于计算机处理的日期格式。 ISO-8601标准将所有信息放置在固定宽度的数据字符串中，并在需要时使用前导零。 当您阅读ISO-8601标准信息时，您会立即注意到所有内容都按列排列。 较大的值在左侧，而较小的值在右侧，依次从年，月，日，小时，等开始。按照标准格式格式化的日期/时间信息非常有用，因为它们都易于阅读并且在比较和计算中易于理解。 例如，日期'2010-09-05'是一个有效的ISO-8601字符串，表示2010年9月5日。想象一下编写使用文本格式的日期或格式如下的日期的程序有多么困难：2010年9月9日。 这意味着2010年5月9日还是2010年9月5日？ 幸运的是，ISO-8601标准消除了歧义。

The ISO-8601 standard removes the ambiguity about the time of day, as well.  All of the hours are represented on a 24-hour clock, so there is no question about what "two o'clock" might mean.  The string 0200 or 02:00:00 refers to 2:00 a.m.  If you're thinking of 2:00 p.m. your ISO-8601 standard will use 14:00:00.

ISO-8601标准也消除了一天中的不确定性。 所有小时均以24小时制表示，因此毫无疑问“两点钟”是什么意思。 字符串0200或02:00:00表示凌晨2:00。如果您考虑的是下午2:00，则ISO-8601标准将使用14:00:00。

This link gives a good discussion and examples of permissible variations on the ISO-8601 format.

该链接很好地讨论了ISO-8601格式，并提供了允许的变化示例。

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601

参见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601

The Value of PHP time() is Always the Same

PHP time（）的值始终相同

No matter where in the world you stand, the value of time() is always the same.  The PHP function time() returns the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch.  While local times may differ, time() ticks on second-by-second.  Run this script to see the effect.  Knowing this, we can do arithmetic with seconds, and then return human-readable date and time values that are sensible for different locations around the world.

无论您站在世界的哪个角落，time（）的值始终是相同的。 PHP函数time（）返回自Unix时代以来的秒数。 虽然当地时间可能会有所不同，但time（）会逐秒滴答。 运行此脚本以查看效果。 知道了这一点，我们可以用秒进行算术运算，然后返回人类可读的日期和时间值，这些值对于世界各地是明智的。

// TIMEZONES AROUND THE GLOBE
$locations
= array
( 'Pacific/Auckland'
, 'Australia/Sydney'
, 'Australia/Perth'
, 'Asia/Tokyo'
, 'Asia/Calcutta'
, 'Asia/Tel_Aviv'
, 'Africa/Cairo'
, 'Europe/Rome'
, 'Europe/London'
, 'Atlantic/Bermuda'
, 'America/Chicago'
, 'America/Anchorage'
, 'Pacific/Honolulu'
, 'UTC'
)
;
// ITERATE OVER THE TIMEZONES
foreach ($locations as $location)
{
    // SET OUR ZONE
    date_default_timezone_set($location);

    // SHOW THE LOCATION AND THE CURRENT DATE / TIME
    echo PHP_EOL . str_pad($location, 24, ' ');
    echo date('r');

    // SHOW THE NUMBER OF SECONDS SINCE THE EPOCH, RECOMPUTED IN EACH TIMEZONE
    echo ' ' . number_format( time() );
} 

Handling External Input

处理外部输入

Whenever you accept a date / time string from an external data source, what is the first thing you should do?  Turn it (immediately) into the ISO-8601 representation with two PHP instructions.  The PHP function strtotime() can turn almost any English language human-readable date / time text into a UNIX timestamp.  See http://php.net/manual/en/function.strtotime.php for a description of this function.  See http://php.net/manual/en/datetime.formats.php for examples of the kinds of strings that work with strtotime().  The PHP function date() can turn any UNIX timestamp into a formatted date.  See http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php for the details.  Taken together, these two functions work in ways that are almost magical:

每当您从外部数据源接受日期/时间字符串时，您应该做的第一件事是什么？ 使用两个PHP指令将其立即转换为ISO-8601表示形式。 PHP函数strtotime（）可以将几乎所有英语可读的日期/时间文本转换为UNIX时间戳。 有关此功能的说明，请参见http://php.net/manual/en/function.strtotime.php 。 有关可与strtotime（）一起使用的字符串类型的示例，请参见http://php.net/manual/en/datetime.formats.php 。 PHP函数date（）可以将任何UNIX时间戳转换为格式化日期。 有关详细信息，请参见http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php 。 综上所述，这两个函数的工作方式几乎是神奇的：

$unix_timestamp = strtotime($external_datetime_string);
$iso_datetime = date('c', $unix_timestamp); 

Once you have done that internal date format conversion your programming will handle internal date / time computations easily.

完成内部日期格式转换后，您的程序将轻松处理内部日期/时间计算。

You might be tempted to skip the second step, and just keep your internal dates in the form of UNIX timestamps.  Technically speaking you would be on firm ground in doing that, but for reasons related to the human factors of programming I recommend against it.  Eventually you will find yourself debugging a piece of date-related code, and you will want to print out your intermediate data.  If it comes out in a easily readable form, instead of a large integer, you will save yourself considerable debugging time.

您可能会想跳过第二步，而只是将内部日期保持为UNIX时间戳的形式。 从技术上讲，您会这样做是坚定的，但是出于与编程的人为因素相关的原因，我建议您反对这样做。 最终，您将发现自己正在调试一段与日期相关的代码，并且希望打印出中间数据。 如果以易于理解的形式（而不是大整数）显示出来，则可以节省大量调试时间。

Handling External Input that is Invalid

处理无效的外部输入

The PHP function strtotime() can turn virtually any human-readable date / time text into a UNIX timestamp - but it won't work on everything.  When it fails to make the conversion, it returns FALSE.  You can and should test for this.

PHP函数strtotime（）几乎可以将任何人类可读的日期/时间文本转换为UNIX时间戳-但它不能在所有情况下正常工作。 如果无法进行转换，则返回FALSE。 您可以并且应该对此进行测试。

$unix_timestamp = strtotime($external_datetime_string);
if ($unix_timestamp === FALSE)
{
    echo "ERROR: I DO NOT UNDERSTAND $external_datetime_string";
}
else
{
    $iso_datetime = date('c', $unix_timestamp);
    echo "SUCCESS: $external_datetime_string EQUALS ISO-8601 $iso_datetime";
} 

Interesting Forms of External Input

外部输入的有趣形式

All of these external inputs work correctly with strtotime() and this gives you and your clients powerful ways of talking about dates and computing with dates.

所有这些外部输入都可以与strtotime（）一起正常工作，这为您和您的客户提供了讨论日期和使用日期进行计算的强大方法。

- 3 hours

- 3小时

tomorrow

明天

tomorrow midnight

明天午夜

tomorrow 1:35pm

明天下午1:35

March 15, 1986

1986年3月15日

yesterday

昨天

yesterday + 1 week

昨天+ 1周

next year

明年

now

现在

now + 627 hours 15 minutes

现在+ 627小时15分钟

last Tuesday

上个星期二

third Wednesday

第三个星期三

3 minutes, 15 seconds

3分15秒

Producing "Pretty" Dates From ISO-8601 Dates

从ISO-8601日期产生“漂亮”日期

When you are ready to present the dates to people and you want them to see nicely formatted dates, you can use the PHP strtotime() and date() functions to do the reformatting.  Let's say you have this timestamp value: 1,284,593,400 (which equals the ISO-8601 date: '2010-09-15T18:30:00-0500'. )  Maybe you got it out of your data base or computed it in your script.  It's meaningful, but not what you expect when you open the envelope.  "Please join us for cocktails on Unix Timestamp 1,284,593,400."  How can we get something that would be appropriate on an invitation?  Here is how you might do the conversion from the timestamp or ISO-8601 date to the pretty date.

当您准备向人们展示日期并希望他们看到格式正确的日期时，可以使用PHP strtotime（）和date（）函数进行重新格式化。 假设您有以下时间戳记值：1,284,593,400（等于ISO-8601日期：'2010-09-15T18：30：00-0500'。）也许您是从数据库中获得它或在脚本中对其进行了计算。 这很有意义，但是打开信封时没有达到预期的效果。 “请加入我们以Unix Timestamp 1,284,593,400的鸡尾酒。” 我们如何才能获得合适的邀请函？ 从时间戳或ISO-8601日期到漂亮日期的转换方法如下。

$unix_timestamp = strtotime($iso_datetime);
$pretty_date = date('l, F jS, Y \a\t g:ia', $unix_timestamp);
echo "Please join us for cocktails on " . $pretty_date; 

Outputs "Please join us for cocktails on Tuesday, September 15th, 2010 at 6:30pm" -- very civilized!

输出“请与我们一起在2010年9月15日星期二下午6:30享用鸡尾酒” –非常文明！

Breaking down the date formatting, we have the following (all documented on PHP.net)...

分解日期格式，我们有以下内容（全部记录在PHP.net上）...

$pattern
= 'l, '    // LOWERCASE L - text name of the day of the week
. 'F '     // UPPERCASE F - text name of the month
. 'j'      // LOWERCASE J - day of the month
. 'S, '    // UPPERCASE S - ordinal like the letters in 1st, 2nd, etc 
. 'Y '     // UPPERCASE Y - 4-digit year
. '\a\t '  // ESCAPED LETTERS... More to follow
. 'g:'     // LOWERCASE G - hours on a 12-hour clock
. 'i'      // LOWERCASE I - minutes 
. 'a'      // LOWERCASE A - designator of "am" or "pm"
; 

You might envision several patterns that you need in your application.  Most PHP sites and services are written with a central "common.php" file that gets included into all the specialized scripts.  You could prepare the date() patterns in the common script and refer to them by a variable name, or define the patterns as constants.

您可能会设想应用程序中需要的几种模式。 大多数PHP网站和服务都是使用中央“ common.php”文件编写的，该文件已包含在所有专用脚本中。 您可以在通用脚本中准备date（）模式，并通过变量名引用它们，或者将这些模式定义为常量。

define('MILITARY_CORRESPONDENCE', 'j M y');
define('SHORT_8601', 'Y-m-d');
define('COCKTAILS', 'l, F jS, Y \a\t g:ia'); 

What about the escaped letters?  The date() function uses letter patterns as signals to describe the conversion of the timestamp into human-readable character strings, so some letters have special relevance to date() and some do not.  Any character that is not used as a signal to date() is returned from the function unaltered.  Punctuation is one example - commas and hyphens go right through.  But if we want to get one of the signal letters back, we must tell date() to ignore the signal and just return the letter.  We do that with the back-slash character, as shown here.  Try running these two lines of code to see how the escape can be useful:

那逃脱的信件呢？ date（）函数使用字母模式作为信号来描述时间戳到人类可读字符串的转换，因此某些字母与date（）有特殊的关联，而有些则没有。 未用作date（）信号的任何字符都将从不变的函数中返回。 标点符号就是一个例子-逗号和连字符会一直通过。 但是，如果我们想取回其中一个信号字母，则必须告诉date（）忽略该信号并仅返回该字母。 我们使用反斜杠字符来实现，如下所示。 尝试运行以下两行代码，以了解转义如何有用：

echo PHP_EOL . date('The year is: Y');
echo PHP_EOL . date('\T\h\e \y\e\a\r\ \i\s\: Y'); 

Setting Your Own Clock Values

设置自己的时钟值

Since the values returned by strtotime() are relative to the time on your server, you want to have control over the way PHP interprets the server time.  You control this time with the PHP function, date_default_timezone_set().  In PHP 5.1+ the use of date_default_timezone_set(), or an equivalent initialization setting is required.  In PHP 5.3+ failure to use date_default_timezone_set() may result in a warning message when you call strtotime() or date().  See http://php.net/manual/en/function.date-default-timezone-set.php for more information.  Like frequently used date() patterns, your date_default_timezone_set() would fit nicely into the common script.  Here is the one that I use, because my server is located in the midwest at ChiHost.com.

由于strtotime（）返回的值是相对于服务器上的时间的，因此您希望控制PHP解释服务器时间的方式。 您可以使用PHP函数date_default_timezone_set（）控制该时间。 在PHP 5.1+中，需要使用date_default_timezone_set（）或等效的初始化设置。 在PHP 5.3+中，当您调用strtotime（）或date（）时，无法使用date_default_timezone_set（）可能会导致警告消息。 有关更多信息，请参见http://php.net/manual/en/function.date-default-timezone-set.php 。 像经常使用的date（）模式一样，date_default_timezone_set（）可以很好地适合常见脚本。 这是我使用的服务器，因为我的服务器位于ChiHost.com的中西部。

date_default_timezone_set('America/Chicago'); 

Special Meanings for NOW and TODAY

现在和今天的特殊含义

We know how to convert external date / time strings to timestamps with strtotime(), and we know how to return them to human-preferred formats with date().  Now we can return to some of the special uses of the strtotime() function.  These two statements are particularly useful.

我们知道如何使用strtotime（）将外部日期/时间字符串转换为时间戳，并且我们知道如何使用date（）将其返回为人类首选格式。 现在，我们可以回到strtotime（）函数的一些特殊用法。 这两个语句特别有用。

$today = strtotime('TODAY');
$now   = strtotime('NOW'); 

The principal difference between NOW and TODAY is the time of day.  TODAY is always today's local date at midnight, with hour, minute and second equal to zero.  NOW is today's date including the current time of day.  So in our September example, NOW and TODAY have UNIX timestamp values equal to 1,284,593,400 and 1,284,526,800 respectively.  The difference is 66,600.  This is the number of seconds from midnight to 6:30pm (18 hours plus 30 minutes).  You might reasonably think you could format the current time with a statement like this:

NOW和TODAY之间的主要差异是一天中的时间。 今天始终是今天的午夜当地时间 ，时，分和秒等于零。 现在是今天的日期，包括当天的当前时间。 因此，在我们的9月示例中，NOW和TODAY的UNIX时间戳值分别等于1,284,593,400和1,284,526,800。 差异为66,600。 这是从午夜到下午6:30（18小时加30分钟）的秒数。 您可能会合理地认为可以使用以下语句来格式化当前时间：

$time = date('H:i:sa', strtotime('NOW') - strtotime('TODAY')); 

But you would probably be wrong because PHP date / time functions are location-aware, and you're probably not in Greenwich.  In PHP, timestamps are based on the UNIX epoch which began at January 1, 1970 at midnight UTC.  UTC (also known as Greenwich Mean Time) is the timezone where the current local time is also the current time of the UNIX epoch.  In other timezones the clocks are set differently.

但是您可能错了，因为PHP日期/时间函数可以识别位置，并且您可能不在格林威治中。 在PHP中， 时间戳基于UNIX纪元 ， 该纪元始于1970年1月1日UTC午夜。 UTC（也称为格林威治标准时间）是时区，其中当前本地时间也是UNIX纪元的当前时间。 在其他时区中，时钟设置不同。

When you use a timezone setting other than UTC, most values returned by strtotime() will be adjusted for consistency with your timezone (with the notable exception of strtotime('NOW') which returns the same value as the time() function, the UNIX timestamp).  That makes sense - the term "today" defines local midnight, and this is not the same absolute time for clients in New York and Los Angeles.  Your programming defines its own personal epoch, using date_default_timezone_set().  Run this snippet to see the effect of different timezones on identical calculations.

当您使用UTC以外的时区设置时，strtotime（）返回的大多数值都将进行调整以与您的时区保持一致（strtotime（'NOW'）的显着例外是，其返回的值与time（）函数相同， UNIX时间戳记）。 这是有道理的-“今天”一词定义了当地的午夜时间，对于纽约和洛杉矶的客户来说，这不是绝对的时间。 您的程序使用date_default_timezone_set（）定义了自己的个人时代。 运行此代码片段以查看不同时区对相同计算的影响。

date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
$timestamp_now   = strtotime('NOW');
$timestamp_today = strtotime('TODAY');
$elapsed_seconds = $timestamp_now - $timestamp_today;
$printable_time  = date('H:i:sa', $elapsed_seconds);
echo PHP_EOL . date_default_timezone_get();
echo PHP_EOL . 'NOW   ' . number_format($timestamp_now);
echo PHP_EOL . 'TODAY ' . number_format($timestamp_today);
echo PHP_EOL . 'DIFF  ' . number_format($elapsed_seconds);
echo PHP_EOL . $printable_time;  // CORRECT IN UTC

date_default_timezone_set('America/Chicago');
$timestamp_now   = strtotime('NOW');
$timestamp_today = strtotime('TODAY');
$elapsed_seconds = $timestamp_now - $timestamp_today;
$printable_time  = date('H:i:sa', $elapsed_seconds);
echo PHP_EOL . date_default_timezone_get();
echo PHP_EOL . 'NOW   ' . number_format($timestamp_now);
echo PHP_EOL . 'TODAY ' . number_format($timestamp_today);
echo PHP_EOL . 'DIFF  ' . number_format($elapsed_seconds);
echo PHP_EOL . $printable_time;  // INCORRECT IN CHICAGO 

As you can see, it is important to be consistent about your timezone.  You can deal with this phenomenon in one of two ways.  You can set your timezone to UTC.  Or you can set your timezone to a reasonable setting for the location of your server.  I prefer the latter.  See http://php.net/manual/en/timezones.php and http://php.net/manual/en/timezones.others.php for more.

如您所见，保持时区一致很重要。 您可以通过以下两种方法之一来处理这种现象。 您可以将时区设置为UTC。 或者，您可以将时区设置为服务器位置的合理设置。 我更喜欢后者。 有关更多信息，请参见http://php.net/manual/en/timezones.php和http://php.net/manual/en/timezones.others.php 。

Either way, reliable coding practices should prevail.  If you want to get the UNIX timestamp of the current time, you use strtotime('NOW').  If you want to get the UNIX timestamp of the current date, you use strtotime('TODAY').  Compare these two statements.  The latter prints 00:00:00am.

无论哪种方式，都应以可靠的编码实践为准。 如果要获取当前时间的UNIX时间戳，请使用strtotime（'NOW'）。 如果要获取当前日期的UNIX时间戳，请使用strtotime（'TODAY'）。 比较这两个语句。 后者打印00:00:00 am。

echo date('H:i:sa', strtotime('NOW'));
echo date('H:i:sa', strtotime('TODAY')); 

Time Without Date

没有日期的时间

Since TODAY will give us a value that is relative to our server time and with hour, minute and second equal to zero, we can make a special use of it.  Let's say we want to know the elapsed time between two events, and we want to express it in notation like HH:MM:SS.  Consider this code snippet.  Line 7 will almost always print the wrong answer.  Line 9 will print the right answer, no matter what date_default_timezome_set() you used.

由于TODAY将为我们提供一个相对于服务器时间的值，并且时，分和秒等于零，因此我们可以对其进行特殊使用。 假设我们想知道两个事件之间的经过时间，并希望以HH：MM：SS之类的方式表示它。 考虑一下此代码段。 第7行几乎总是会打印错误的答案。 无论您使用什么date_default_timezome_set（），第9行都会显示正确答案。

$alpha = "2:30:47pm";
$omega = "3:43:16pm";
$ts_alpha = strtotime($alpha);
$ts_omega = strtotime($omega);
$elapsed  = $ts_omega - $ts_alpha;
echo "<br/>TWIXT $alpha AND $omega THERE ARE " . number_format($elapsed) . " SECONDS";
echo "<br/>WRONG ELAPSED TIME IS " . date('H:i:s', $elapsed);
$better   = strtotime('TODAY') + $elapsed;
echo "<br/>RIGHT ELAPSED TIME IS " . date('H:i:s', $better); 

Leap Year and Daylight Savings Time

Year年和夏令时

These are amazingly easy in PHP.

这些在PHP中非常容易。

if (date('L')) echo "IT IS A LEAP YEAR";
if (date('I')) echo "IT IS DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME";
$a = date('c', strtotime('November 7, 2010 1:57am'));
$z = date('c', strtotime('November 7, 2010 2:02am'));
while ($a < $z)
{
    $a = date('c', strtotime($a . '+ 1 minute'));
    echo "<br/>$a ";
    if (date('I', strtotime($a))) echo "IS DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME";
} 

Using mktime() in DATETIME Computations

在DATETIME计算中使用mktime（）

The PHP command mktime() returns a Unix timestamp according to an argument list.  See http://us3.php.net/manual/en/function.mktime.php for details.  The arguments in order are hour, minute, second, month, day, year.  Because mktime() will work with out-of-range arguments, it is useful for date calculations.  And it is especially useful when coupled with the date() function.

PHP命令mktime（）根据参数列表返回Unix时间戳。 有关详细信息，请参见http://us3.php.net/manual/zh/function.mktime.php 。 参数顺序为小时，分钟，秒，月，日，年。 因为mktime（）将使用超出范围的参数，所以它对于日期计算很有用。 当与date（）函数结合使用时，它特别有用。

// WORKS NO MATTER WHAT MONTH IT IS
$last_month = mktime(0, 0, 0, date("m")-1, date("d"), date("Y")); 
// HIGH NOON THIRTY DAYS FROM NOW
$new_date_string = date('g:ia T \o\n D, M j, Y', mktime(12, 0, 0, date("m"), date("d")+30, date("Y"))); 

Ambiguity of the term "Month"

术语“月份”的歧义

PHP is very permissive in its language requirements for strtotime() and this may lead to some confusion when it comes to months.  Consider the meaning of strtotime('next month') when used on January 5.  Obviously the answer is February 5.  Now consider what happens when it is January 30.  What should the correct answer be?  This code snippet shows how I handle this question.  Different business rules may apply for your work.  There may be ambiguity in leap year, too.  Consider "Feb 29, 2008 + 1 year."

PHP对strtotime（）的语言要求非常宽松，这可能会导致几个月的混乱。 考虑一下1月5日使用strtotime（'下个月'）的含义。答案显然是2月5日。现在考虑1月30日会发生什么。正确的答案应该是什么？ 此代码段显示了我如何处理此问题。 不同的业务规则可能适用于您的工作。 leap年也可能有歧义。 考虑“ 2008年2月29日+一年”。

<?php 
error_reporting(E_ALL);
echo "<pre>";

// REQUIRED FOR PHP 5.1+
date_default_timezone_set('America/New_York');

// TEST DATES INCLUDE SOME THAT MIGHT CAUSE AMBIGUITY WHEN YOU SAY "next month"
$my_dates
= array
( 'January 28, 2011'
, 'January 29, 2011'
, 'January 30, 2011'
, 'January 31, 2011'
, 'February 1, 2011'
, 'February 2, 2011'
, 'February 28, 2011'
, 'March 30, 2011'
, 'March 31, 2011'
)
;

// TEST EACH OF THE DATES
foreach ($my_dates as $my_date)
{
    list
    ( $safe_date
    , $requested_day
    , $actual_day
    ) = nextMonth($my_date, 'r');
    echo PHP_EOL . "MY_DATE $my_date";
    echo PHP_EOL . "NEXTMONTH $safe_date";
    echo PHP_EOL . "REQUESTED DAY $requested_day";
    echo PHP_EOL . "ACTUAL DAY $actual_day";
    echo PHP_EOL;
}


function nextMonth($date, $format='c')
{
    $timestamp  = strtotime($date);
    $start_Y    = date('Y', $timestamp);
    $start_m    = date('m', $timestamp);
    $start_d    = date('d', $timestamp);

    // MAKE A TIMESTAMP FOR THE FIRST, LAST AND REQUESTED DAY OF NEXT MONTH
    $timestamp_first = mktime(0,0,0, $start_m+1,  1, $start_Y);
    $timestamp_last  = mktime(0,0,0, $start_m+1, date('t', $timestamp_first), $start_Y);
    $timestamp_try   = mktime(0,0,0, $start_m+1, $start_d, $start_Y);

    // USE THE LESSER OF THE REQUESTED DAY AND THE LAST OF THE MONTH
    if ($timestamp_try > $timestamp_last) $timestamp_try = $timestamp_last;
    $good_date = date($format, $timestamp_try);

    return array
    ( $good_date
    , $start_d
    , date('d', $timestamp_try)
    )
    ;
} 

Storing Date and Time in Your Database

在数据库中存储日期和时间

In MySQL, date columns are usually carried in the format DATE and DATETIME.  These are very "relaxed" fields.  You can insert invalid dates (such as February 31) and MySQL will accept these.  More on point, you can store and recall ISO-8601 datetime strings.  MySQL has a large complement of internal date and time functions.  You may sometimes find it practical to perform date / time calculations in your query strings.  See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/datetime.html and http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/date-and-time-functions.html for references and examples.

在MySQL中，日期列通常以DATE和DATETIME格式携带。 这些是非常“轻松”的字段。 您可以插入无效的日期（例如2月31日），MySQL会接受这些日期。 更重要的是，您可以存储和调用ISO-8601日期时间字符串。 MySQL具有大量内部日期和时间函数。 您有时可能会发现在查询字符串中执行日期/时间计算很实用。 参见http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/datetime.html和http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/date-and-time-functions.html供参考和示例。

PHP and MySQL Have Different Time Zone Settings

PHP和MySQL具有不同的时区设置

Note that the time zone values for PHP and for MySQL are completely independent of each other.  You may want to adjust the time zones for one or both of these systems.  Use date_default_timezone_set() to adjust the value in PHP.  Use a query that says something like SET time_zone = '+00:00' to adjust the value in MySQL.  See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/time-zone-support.html for more.  The code snippet illustrates this independence.

注意，PHP和MySQL的时区值彼此完全独立 。 您可能要调整其中一个或两个系统的时区。 使用date_default_timezone_set（）调整PHP中的值。 使用类似SET time_zone ='+00：00'之类的查询来调整MySQL中的值。 有关更多信息，请参见http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/time-zone-support.html 。 该代码段说明了这种独立性。

<?php // RAY_mysqli_set_time_zone.php
ini_set('display_errors', TRUE);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
echo '<pre>';


// DEMONSTRATE THAT PHP AND MYSQL TIME ZONE VALUES ARE INDEPENDENT
// MAN PAGE http://php.net/manual/en/function.date-default-timezone-set.php
// MAN PAGE http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/time-zone-support.html


// DATABASE CONNECTION AND SELECTION VARIABLES - GET THESE FROM YOUR HOSTING COMPANY
$db_host = "localhost"; // PROBABLY THIS IS OK
$db_name = "??";
$db_user = "??";
$db_word = "??";

// OPEN A CONNECTION TO THE DATA BASE SERVER AND SELECT THE DB
$mysqli = new mysqli($db_host, $db_user, $db_word, $db_name);

// DID THE CONNECT/SELECT WORK OR FAIL?
if ($mysqli->connect_errno)
{
    trigger_error("CONNECT FAIL: $mysqli->connect_errno $mysqli->connect_error", E_USER_ERROR);
}


// SET THE PHP TIMEZONE
date_default_timezone_set('GMT');
print_r( 'IN PHP, THE GMT TIME IS: ' . date('c') );
echo PHP_EOL;


// GET THE DEFAULT MYSQL TIME SETTINGS
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS t, NOW() AS n");
$row = $res->fetch_object();
echo 'IN MySQL, THE CURRENT TIMES ARE: ';
print_r($row);
echo PHP_EOL;


// SET THE MYSQL TIMEZONE TO GMT
$sql = "SET time_zone = '+00:00' ";
$res = $mysqli->query($sql);

echo "<b>$sql</b>" . PHP_EOL;

// GET THE NEW MYSQL VALUES
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS t, NOW() AS n");
$row = $res->fetch_object();
echo 'IN MySQL, THE CURRENT TIMES HAVE BEEN CHANGED TO: ';
print_r($row);
echo PHP_EOL; 

Practical Application #1

实际应用＃1

How old are you today? Given your birthday, this function can return your age.

你今天几岁？ 给您的生日，此功能可以返回您的年龄。

// A FUNCTION TO RETURN THE AGE ON A GIVEN DATE
function your_age($birth_day, $test_date='Today')
{
    // IF THE DATE STRINGS ARE NOT USABLE
    if (!$b_timestamp = strtotime($birth_day)) return FALSE;
    if (!$t_timestamp = strtotime($test_date)) return FALSE;

    // GET THE YEARS AND SUBTRACT ONE
    $years_elapsed = date('Y', $t_timestamp) - date('Y', $b_timestamp) - 1;

    // IF THE BIRTHDAY IS BEFORE CUTOFF ADD ONE YEAR
    if ( date('m-d', $b_timestamp) <= date('m-d', $t_timestamp) ) $years_elapsed++;

    return $years_elapsed;
} 

Practical Application #2

实际应用＃2

How many days between two dates?  The built-in PHP calendar functions can make this easy.  See http://php.net/manual/en/ref.calendar.php for more.  Warning: If the dates are the same, this function will return a zero which may be perceived to be the same as FALSE.  To test for failure of the function, use === FALSE instead of == FALSE.

两个日期之间有多少天？ 内置PHP日历功能可以简化此过程。 有关更多信息，请参见http://php.net/manual/zh/ref.calendar.php 。 警告：如果日期相同，则此函数将返回零，该零可能被视为与FALSE相同。 要测试功能是否失败，请使用=== FALSE而不是== FALSE。

function days_between($alpha=TODAY, $omega=TODAY)
{
    // RETURN FALSE IF THE DATES ARE BOGUS
    if (!$a = strtotime($alpha)) return FALSE;
    if (!$z = strtotime($omega)) return FALSE;
    
    // MAN PAGE http://php.net/manual/en/function.gregoriantojd.php
    $a_jd = GregorianToJD( date('m', $a), date('d', $a), date('Y', $a) );
    $z_jd = GregorianToJD( date('m', $z), date('d', $z), date('Y', $z) );
    return $z_jd - $a_jd;
} 

Practical Application #3

实际应用＃3

You want to know how many weeks, days, hours, minutes, and/or seconds will elapse before an upcoming event.  Given a DATETIME string this function can return a text string or array with the answers.

您想知道即将发生的事件要经过多少周，几天，几小时，几分钟和/或几秒钟。 给定一个DATETIME字符串，此函数可以返回带有答案的文本字符串或数组。

function elapsed($then, $wdhms='WDHMS', $return_array=FALSE)
{
    // TIME CONSTANT VALUES (MONTHS AND YEARS ARE OMITTED - NOT FIXED VALUES)
    $seconds_per["W"] = 60*60*24*7;
    $seconds_per["D"] = 60*60*24;
    $seconds_per["H"] = 60*60;
    $seconds_per["M"] = 60;
    $seconds_per["S"] = 1;

    // TIME DESCRIPTIVE TERMS - YOU CAN USE SOME OR ALL OF THESE
    $terms["W"] = 'week';
    $terms["D"] = 'day';
    $terms["H"] = 'hour';
    $terms["M"] = 'minute';
    $terms["S"] = 'second';

    // SET THE FLAGS FOR OUTPUT
    if (empty($wdhms)) $wdhms = 'WDHMS';
    $wdhms = strtoupper($wdhms);
    $wdhms = str_split($wdhms);
    $wdhms = array_combine($wdhms, $wdhms);

    // SET THE FUTURE/PAST TIMESTAMP OR FAIL ON ERROR
    if (!$other_timestamp = strtotime($then)) return FALSE;

    // SET THE CURRENT TIMESTAMP
    $current_timestamp = time();

    // COMPUTE THE DIFFERENCE IN SECONDS
    $lapsed_seconds    = $other_timestamp - $current_timestamp;
    if ($lapsed_seconds == 0) return 'RIGHT NOW!';

    // DETERMINE FUTURE OR PAST
    $since_until = "until";
    if ($lapsed_seconds < 0)
    {
        $since_until = "since";
        $lapsed_seconds = abs($lapsed_seconds);
    }

    // COMPUTE THE INCREMENTS
    foreach ($seconds_per as $key => $secs)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $wdhms))
        {
            $lapsed_time    = floor($lapsed_seconds / $secs);
            $lapsed_seconds = $lapsed_seconds - ($lapsed_time * $secs);
            $wdhms[$key]    = (int)$lapsed_time;
        }
    }

    // RETURN AN ARRAY
    if ($return_array) return $wdhms;

    // RETURN A RESPONSE STRING
    $s = NULL;
    foreach ($terms as $key => $str)
    {
        // RETURN ONLY THE UNITS THAT WERE REQUESTED IN $wdhms
        if (!array_key_exists($key, $wdhms)) continue;
        $s
        .= ' '
        . $wdhms[$key]
        . ' '
        . $str
        ;
        if ($wdhms[$key] != 1) $s .= 's';
        $s .= ',';
    }
    
    // TIDY UP THE RETURN STRING AND SHOW UNTIL OR SINCE
    $s = rtrim($s, ',');
    $s .= " $since_until $then";
    $s = trim($s);
    return $s;
}

// USE CASES
$then = '+ 1 days';
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then, 'h');
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then, 'm');
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then, 's');
$then = '+1304 hours +2917 seconds';
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then);
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then, 'WD');
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then, 'DH');
echo PHP_EOL . elapsed($then, 'HMS');
echo PHP_EOL;
$arr = elapsed($then,NULL,TRUE);
var_dump($arr); 

Practical Application #3a

实际应用＃3a

You want to know if a given date is yesterday, today or tomorrow.  This function can tell you.

您想知道给定的日期是昨天，今天还是明天。 此功能可以告诉您。

function ytt($date)
{
    // NORMALIZE THE DATES TO ISO-8601 STANDARDS
    $then      = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($date));
    $yesterday = date('Y-m-d', strtotime('Yesterday'));
    $today     = date('Y-m-d');
    $tomorrow  = date('Y-m-d', strtotime('Tomorrow'));

    // CHOOSE A RETURN
    if ($then == $yesterday) return 'Yesterday';
    if ($then == $today)     return 'Today';
    if ($then == $tomorrow)  return 'Tomorrow';
    return NULL;
} 

Practical Application #4

实际应用＃4

You decide you want to have a party on the fifth Friday of every month that has five Fridays.  When will you be celebrating?

您决定要在每个有五个星期五的每月的第五个星期五参加聚会。 你什么时候庆祝？

function find_fifth_friday($date='Today')
{
    $timestamp  = strtotime(date('Y-1-1',   strtotime($date)));
    $endstamp   = strtotime(date('Y-12-31', strtotime($date)));
    $my_fridays = array();
    while ($timestamp < $endstamp)
    {
        $month = date('m',       strtotime("first Friday", $timestamp));
        $day_n = date('Y-m-d D', strtotime("fifth Friday", $timestamp));
        if (substr($day_n,5,2) == $month) $my_fridays[] = $day_n;
        $timestamp = mktime(0,0,0, date('m', $timestamp)+1, 1, date('Y', $timestamp));
    }
    return $my_fridays;
}

echo "<pre>WE PARTY ON: ";
print_r(find_fifth_friday()); 

Practical Application #5

实际应用＃5

You wonder if there could ever be a fifth Friday in that short month February.  The answer is "yes" and here is proof.

您想知道在那短短的二月中是否还会有第五个星期五。 答案是“是”，这就是证明。

function find_weekdays($date='Today', $day='Sunday')
{
    $weekdays    = array();
    $timestamp   = strtotime(date('Y-m-0', strtotime($date)));
    $weekdays[0] = date('Y-m-d D', strtotime("first  $day", $timestamp));
    $weekdays[1] = date('Y-m-d D', strtotime("second $day", $timestamp));
    $weekdays[2] = date('Y-m-d D', strtotime("third  $day", $timestamp));
    $weekdays[3] = date('Y-m-d D', strtotime("fourth $day", $timestamp));
    $weekdays[4] = date('Y-m-d D', strtotime("fifth  $day", $timestamp));
    if (substr($weekdays[4],5,2) != date('m', strtotime("first $day", $timestamp))) { unset($weekdays[4]); }
    return $weekdays;
}

function last_weekday($date='Today', $day='Sunday')
{
    $weekdays   = find_weekdays($date, $day);
    $n_weekdays = count($weekdays) - 1;
    return $weekdays[$n_weekdays];
}

echo "<pre>";
var_dump(find_weekdays('February 2008', 'Friday'));
var_dump(last_weekday('Feb 2008', 'Friday')); 

Practical Application #6

实际应用＃6

It would be nice to be able to print out a little calendar table... And if you wanted to send calendar information between applications, you might be interested in the hCalendar microformat.

能够打印出一个小的日历表将是一件很不错的事情……如果您想在应用程序之间发送日历信息，您可能会对hCalendar微格式感兴趣。

function little_calendar_table($date='Today')
{
    $timestamp         = strtotime(date('Y-m-01', strtotime($date)));
    $caption           = date("F Y", $timestamp);
    $first_day_number  = date("w", $timestamp);
    $last_day_of_month = date("t", $timestamp);
    $day_counter       = 0;
    $html              = NULL;

    $html .= '<table>' . PHP_EOL;
    $html .= '<caption style="text-align:left;">' . $caption . '</caption>';
    $html .= PHP_EOL;

    $html .= '<tr>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Sunday"    width="14%" >S</th>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Monday"    width="14%" >M</th>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Tuesday"   width="14%" >T</th>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Wednesday" width="14%" >W</th>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Thursday"  width="14%" >T</th>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Friday"    width="14%" >F</th>';
    $html .= '<th abbr="Saturday"  width="14%" >S</th>';
    $html .= '</tr>';
    $html .= PHP_EOL;


    // THE FIRST ROW MAY HAVE DAYS THAT ARE NOT PART OF THIS MONTH
    $html .= '<tr>';
    while ($day_counter < $first_day_number)
    {
        $html .= '<td>&nbsp;</td>';
        $day_counter++;
    }

    // THE DAYS OF THE MONTH
    $mday = 1;
    while ($mday <= $last_day_of_month)
    {
        // THE DAYS OF THE WEEK
        while ($day_counter < 7)
        {
            $html .= '<td style="text-align:right;">' . " $mday</td>";
            $day_counter++;
            $mday++;
            if ($mday > $last_day_of_month) break;
        }

        $html .= '</tr>' . PHP_EOL;
        $html .= '<tr>';
        $day_counter = 0;
    }

    // THE LAST ROW MAY HAVE DAYS THAT ARE NOT PART OF THIS MONTH
    while ($day_counter < 7)
    {
        $html .= '<td>&nbsp;</td>';
        $day_counter++;
    }

    $html .= '</tr>' . PHP_EOL;
    $html .= '</table>' . PHP_EOL;

    return $html;
}

echo little_calendar_table('February'); 

Practical Application #6a

实际应用＃6a

The author of this question wanted a weekly calendar with "previous" and "next" links.  This function returns an array of nine elements giving previous, weekdays, and next.

这个问题的作者想要一个带有“上一个”和“下一个”链接的每周日历。 此函数返回一个由九个元素组成的数组，给出前一个，工作日和下一个。

function weekly_calendar($date='TODAY')
{
    // USE THE FUNCTION ARGUMENT, OR USE TODAY
    $ts = !empty($date) ? strtotime($date) : FALSE;
    if (!$ts) $ts = strtotime('TODAY');

    // NORMALIZE TO THE ISO-8601 DATE WITHOUT TIME
    $ymd = date('Y-m-d', $ts);
    $day = date('D', $ts);

    // THE WEEKLY CALENDAR WILL START ON SUNDAY AND END ON SATURDAY
    if ($day == 'Sun')
    {
        $alpha = $ymd;
    }
    else
    {
        $alpha = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($ymd . ' LAST SUNDAY'));
    }

    $omega = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($alpha . ' SATURDAY'));

    // THE PREV AND NEXT WEEKS WILL BE COMPUTED FROM THE CURRENT DAY
    $prev  = date('Y-m-d', strtotime("$ymd - 1 WEEK"));
    $next  = date('Y-m-d', strtotime("$ymd + 1 WEEK"));

    // MAKE THE URLS
    $prev_uri = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . "?d=$prev";
    $next_uri = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . "?d=$next";

    // MAKE THE LINK TEXTS
    $prev_lnk = '<a href="' . $prev_uri . '">Prev</a>';
    $next_lnk = '<a href="' . $next_uri . '">Next</a>';

    // MAKE THE REPRESENTATION OF THE WEEK
    $week['prev'] = $prev_lnk;
    while ($alpha <= $omega)
    {
        // A TEXT VERSION OF THE WEEKDAY
        $day = date('D', strtotime($alpha));

        // URL AND LINK TEXT
        $curr_uri = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . "?d=$alpha";
        $curr_lnk = '<a href="' . $curr_uri . '">' . $day . '</a>';

        // HIGHLIGHT THE CURRENT DAY
        if ($alpha == $ymd)
        {
            $week[$day] = "<b>$curr_lnk</b>";
        }
        else $week[$day] = $curr_lnk;

        // ON TO THE NEXT DAY
        $alpha = date('Y-m-d', strtotime("$alpha + 1 DAY"));
    }
    $week['next'] = $next_lnk;

    return $week;
}

// SHOW THE REPRESENTATION OF THE WEEK
$thing = weekly_calendar();
print_r($thing); 

Practical Application #7

实际应用＃7

When you are working with human input to a computer program, it's good to know what works with strtotime().  The script in this code snippet will tell you.

当您对计算机程序进行人工输入时，最好知道什么适用于strtotime（）。 此代码段中的脚本将告诉您。

<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// PHP 5.1+  SEE http://us3.php.net/manual/en/function.date-default-timezone-set.php
date_default_timezone_set('America/Chicago');

// IF WE HAVE INPUT FROM THE URL QUERY STRING
if (!empty($_GET["s"]))
{
    // USE strtotime() FUNCTION TO MAKE A TIMESTAMP
    // MAN PAGE: http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.strtotime.php
    $unix_timestamp = strtotime($_GET["s"]);

    // TEST FOR SUCCESS OR FAILURE
    if ($unix_timestamp === FALSE)
    {
        echo "<strong>HONK!</strong><br /> <u>{$_GET["s"]}</u> NOT USEFUL WITH strtotime() <br/><br/><br/><br/>";
    }

    // ON SUCCESS, PRINT THE RESULTS
    else
    {
        echo "<strong>BINGO</strong><br /> <strong><u>{$_GET["s"]}</u></strong> WORKS WITH strtotime() <br/>";
        echo "THE INTEGER TIMESTAMP VALUE IS ";
        echo number_format($unix_timestamp) . "<br />";

        // FORMAT ISO AND HUMAN-READABLE DATES
        // MAN PAGE: http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.date.php
        $y = date('c', $unix_timestamp);
        echo "THE ISO8601 DATETIME STRING IS $y<br />";
        $z = date('l dS \o\f F Y g:i:s A', $unix_timestamp);
        echo "THE TEXTUAL DATE IS $z<br />";
    }

    echo PHP_EOL;
} // END OF PROCESSING INPUT
// PUT UP THE FORM
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>TEST THE PHP FUNCTION strtotime()</title>
</head>
<body onload="document.f.s.focus()">
<form name="f" method="get">
<br />TO TEST A STRING FOR A VALID DATE/TIME, TYPE IT HERE:<input name="s" />
<input type="submit" value="GO" />
</form> 

Practical Application #8

实际应用＃8

What if you wanted to send an email message to your client at 7:00am every day?  But your clients may be all over the world!  You need a way to coordinate your server time with the time at the client's location.  This script shows how to work that out.

如果您想每天早上7:00发送电子邮件给客户该怎么办？ 但是您的客户可能遍布世界各地！ 您需要一种将服务器时间与客户端位置的时间进行协调的方法。 该脚本显示了如何解决。

<?php // RAY_easy_client_time.php
error_reporting(E_ALL);


// USE JAVASCRIPT TO GET THE CLIENT TIME AND COMPUTE THE OFFSET FROM THE SERVER TIME


// LOCATION OF THE SERVER - COULD BE ANYWHERE
date_default_timezone_set('America/Denver');

// DIFFERENCE OF SERVER TIME FROM UTC
$server_offset_seconds = date('Z');

// WHEN THE FORM IS SUBMITTED
if (!empty($_POST))
{
    // JAVASCRIPT TELLS US THE CLIENT TIME OFFSET FROM GMT / UTC
    $client_offset_minutes = $_POST["date_O"];
    $client_offset_seconds = $client_offset_minutes * 60;

    // THE TIME WE WANT AT THE CLIENT LOCATION
    $client_timestring = 'TODAY 7:00AM';

    // MAKE THE COMPUTATIONS, INCORPORATING THE OFFSET FROM GMT
    $client_timestamp  = strtotime($client_timestring) + $client_offset_seconds;
    $server_timestamp  = $client_timestamp + $server_offset_seconds;
    $server_timestring = date('l, F j, Y \a\t g:i a', $server_timestamp);

    echo "<br/>ACCORDING TO THE VALUE FROM PHP date Z";
    echo "<br/>SERVER IS LOCATED $server_offset_seconds SECONDS FROM UTC";
    echo "<br/>";

    echo "<br/>ACCORDING TO THE VALUE FROM JS dateObject.getTimezoneOffset()";
    echo "<br/>CLIENT IS LOCATED $client_offset_minutes MINUTES FROM UTC";
    echo "<br/>";

    echo "<br/>WHEN IT IS '$client_timestring' AT THE CLIENT, IT IS '$server_timestring' IN " . date_default_timezone_get();
}

// END OF PHP - USE HTML AND JS TO CREATE THE FORM
echo PHP_EOL; ?>

<form method="post">
<input name="date_O" id="dateTime_O" type="hidden" />
<input type="submit" value="CHECK CLIENT DATETIME" />
</form>

<!-- NOTE THIS WILL GIVE YOU THE VALUES AT PAGE-LOAD TIME, NOT AT SUBMIT TIME -->
<!-- MAN PAGE REF: http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_obj_date.asp -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var dateObject = new Date();
document.getElementById("dateTime_O").value = dateObject.getTimezoneOffset();
</script> 

Practical Application #9

实际应用＃9

We promise to ship our products within "n" business days.  This function can tell you the required shipment date.  Orders are deemed to have arrived at the close of business on the actual date of arrival.  Example: If you promise to ship within one business day and an order arrives at any time on Tuesday, you have all day Tuesday and until close of business on Wednesday before the shipment is required.  If the order arrives on Saturday or Sunday, it is deemed to have arrived on the following business day, probably Monday, thus shipment is not required until the close of business Tuesday.  This is probably good enough for commercial applications, but for Government work you might want to add a greater awareness of holidays into the function.  

我们保证在“ n”个工作日内发货。 此功能可以告诉您所需的发货日期。 订单被视为在实际到达日期营业时间结束。 示例：如果您承诺在一个工作日内发货，而订单在星期二的任何时间到达，则您整周星期二全天营业，直到星期三关闭，然后才需要发货。 如果订单在周六或周日到达，则视为已在下一个工作日（可能是周一）到达，因此直到周二营业时间才需要装运。 这对于商业应用程序可能已经足够了，但是对于政府工作，您可能需要在功能中增加对假期的认识。

A technical note: While we usually choose the ISO-8601 format for an internal representation of a date, we make an exception here and choose the RFC2822 format, created by date('r').  It has an advantage in this case because we want to eliminate the weekend days from the computation and these are the only days that start with S.  RFC2822 dates look something like this, with the abbreviation of the weekday at the left: Wed, 10 Aug 2011 00:00:00 -0400.  The PHP substr() function makes it easy to find the days that start with S.

技术说明：虽然我们通常选择ISO-8601格式作为日期的内部表示形式，但是在这里我们例外，选择由date（'r'）创建的RFC2822格式。 在这种情况下它有一个优势，因为我们希望从计算中消除周末，而这是唯一以S开头的日子。 RFC2822日期看起来像这样，左边是工作日的缩写： 2011年8月10日，星期三00:00:00 -0400 。 PHP substr（）函数使查找以S开头的日子变得容易。

// A FUNCTION TO ADD BUSINESS DAYS TO A GIVEN DATE
function add_business_days($days=0, $date="TODAY", $format="c")
{
    // CREATE YOUR ARRAY OF HOLIDAYS
    $holidays = array();
    $november = strtotime(date('Y') . '-11-0');
    $january  = strtotime(date('Y') . '-01-0');
    $nextyear = mktime(0,0,0, 1, 1, date('Y') + 1);
    $holidays['Dr_M_L_King']  = date('r', strtotime('Third Monday', $january));
    $holidays['Independence'] = date('r', strtotime(date('Y') . '-07-04'));
    $holidays['Thanksgiving'] = date('r', strtotime('Fourth Thursday', $november));
    $holidays['Christmas']    = date('r', strtotime(date('Y') . '-12-25'));
    $holidays['NewYear']      = date('r', $nextyear);

    // ACTIVATE THIS TO SEE THE HOLIDAYS
    // print_r($holidays);

    // INTERPRET THE INPUTS INTO TIMESTAMPS
    $days = round($days);
    if ($days < 0) return FALSE;
    if (!$current   = strtotime($date)) return FALSE;
    if (!$timestamp = strtotime("$date $days DAYS")) return FALSE;

    // PAD THE FUTURE TO ALLOW ROOM FOR THE WEEKENDS AND TRADE DAYS
    $weeks     = $days * 2 + 15;
    $timestamp = strtotime("$date $weeks DAYS");

    // MAKE AN ARRAY OF FUTURE TIMESTAMPS AND RFC2822 DATES
    $arr = range($current, $timestamp, 86400);
    $arr = array_flip($arr);
    foreach ($arr as $timestamp_key => $nothing)
    {
        // ASSIGN RFC2822 DATE STRINGS TO EACH TIMESTAMP
        $arr[$timestamp_key] = date('r', $timestamp_key);

        // REMOVE THE DAY FROM THE ARRAY IF IT IS A HOLIDAY OR WEEKEND DAY
        if (in_array($arr[$timestamp_key], $holidays)) $arr[$timestamp_key] = 'S';
        if (substr($arr[$timestamp_key],0,1) == 'S') unset($arr[$timestamp_key]);
    }

    // RECAST THE ARRAY KEYS INTO OFFSETS FROM THE STARTING DATE
    $arr = array_values($arr);

    // RETURN THE FUTURE DATE ACCORDING TO THE REQUESTED FORMAT
    return date($format, strtotime($arr[$days]));
} 

Practical Application #10

实际应用＃10

We need an array of 7 weekdays, beginning on a specified date, as expressed in this question:

我们需要一个从指定日期开始的7个工作日的数组，如以下问题所示：

http://www.experts-exchange.com/Web_Development/Web_Languages-Standards/PHP/Q_27242589.html

http://www.experts-exchange.com/Web_Development/Web_Languages-Standards/PHP/Q_27242589.html

function weekdays($t)
{
    // $t TRANSFORMATION IS OPTIONAL IF YOU WANT TO LET THE INPUT TO BE ANY DATETIME STRING
    $t = date('D', strtotime($t));
    $d = array('Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat','Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat');
    return array_slice($d, array_search($t, $d), 7);
} 

After reviewing that question and answer, we might want a more generalized solution.  Perhaps we do not only want those abbreviations; we might want the 7 weekdays returned in a different format.  This function preserves the functionality of the original answer and generalizes the solution to allow for different return formats.  It will return FALSE if the input date is unusable.  The increment of 86,400 on line 11 just happens to be the number of seconds in a day ;-)

在查看了该问题和答案之后，我们可能需要一个更通用的解决方案。 也许我们不仅要这些缩写，还需要这些缩写。 我们可能希望以其他格式返回7个工作日。 该功能保留了原始答案的功能，并泛化了解决方案以允许使用不同的返回格式。 如果输入日期不可用，它将返回FALSE。 第11行的86,400增量恰好是一天中的秒数;-)

function weekdays($t, $format='D')
{
    $d = FALSE;
    $a = strtotime($t);
    $z = strtotime($t . ' + 6 DAYS');
    if ($a)
    {
        while ($a < $z)
        {
            $d[] = date($format, $a);
            $a += 86400;
        }
    }
    return $d;
} 

Practical Application #11

实际应用＃11

Given the beginning date of a Fiscal Year, what are the beginning dates of the Fiscal Quarters?  Since each quarter is three months, we can easily get the dates for the quarters.

给定会计年度的开始日期，会计季度的开始日期是什么？ 由于每个季度为三个月，因此我们可以轻松获取这些季度的日期。

// SOME TEST DATES FOR THE FISCAL YEARS
$fys = array
( 'CALENDAR' => 'January 1'
, 'ACADEMIC' => 'July 1'
, 'FEDERAL'  => 'October 1'
)
;

// COMPUTE THE QUARTERS
foreach ($fys as $key => $start)
{
    $res["q1"] = date('c', strtotime($start));
    $res["q2"] = date('c', strtotime($start . ' + 3 Months'));
    $res["q3"] = date('c', strtotime($start . ' + 6 Months'));
    $res["q4"] = date('c', strtotime($start . ' + 9 Months'));

    // SAVE THESE ELEMENTS
    $new[$key] = $res;
} 

Practical Application #12

实际应用＃12

What are the essential elements of a resource scheduling calendar?  Unlike an appointment calendar which assumes the general availability of all calendar dates and times, a resource calendar must enumerate the resources and keep track of when they are available and when they are scheduled, and therefore unavailable.  The important moving parts are the resource name and the period of unavailability as given by the beginning DATETIME and the ending DATETIME.  Armed with this information we can write SQL queries that will allow us to schedule the resources and detect potential conflicts.  A starting point for the resource scheduling calendar might be something like this.

资源调度日历的基本要素是什么？ 与假定所有日历日期和时间都可以普遍使用的约会日历不同， 资源日历必须枚举资源并跟踪何时可用，何时安排以及因此不可用。 重要的移动部分是资源名称和不可用的时间段，由开始的DATETIME和结束的DATETIME给出。 有了这些信息，我们就可以编写SQL查询，从而使我们能够调度资源并检测潜在的冲突。 资源调度日历的起点可能是这样的。

<?php // RAY_mysqli_resource_calendar.php
ini_set('display_errors', TRUE);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
echo '<pre>';


// DEMONSTRATE A RESOURCE-SCHEDULING CALENDAR


// DATABASE CONNECTION AND SELECTION VARIABLES - GET THESE FROM YOUR HOSTING COMPANY
$db_host = "localhost"; // PROBABLY THIS IS OK
$db_name = "??";
$db_user = "??";
$db_word = "??";

// OPEN A CONNECTION TO THE DATA BASE SERVER AND SELECT THE DB
$mysqli = new mysqli($db_host, $db_user, $db_word, $db_name);

// DID THE CONNECT/SELECT WORK OR FAIL?
if ($mysqli->connect_errno)
{
    trigger_error("CONNECT FAIL: $mysqli->connect_errno $mysqli->connect_error", E_USER_ERROR);
}


// CREATING A TABLE FOR OUR TEST DATA
$sql
=
"
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE my_calendar
( id    INT         NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY
, rname VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''                    # RESOURCE NAME
, alpha DATETIME    NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' # BEGINNING OF COMMITMENT
, omega DATETIME    NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' # END OF COMMITMENT
)
"
;

// CREATE THE TABLE OR LOG AND SHOW THE ERROR
if (!$res = $mysqli->query($sql))
{
    $err
    = 'QUERY FAILURE:'
    . ' ERRNO: '
    . $mysqli->errno
    . ' ERROR: '
    . $mysqli->error
    . ' QUERY: '
    . $sql
    ;
    trigger_error($err, E_USER_ERROR);
}

// PRE-LOAD SOME SCHEDULED RESOURCES INTO THE CALENDAR
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO my_calendar (rname, alpha, omega) VALUES ( 'One', '2013-06-20T08:00:00', '2013-06-20T09:59:59' )");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO my_calendar (rname, alpha, omega) VALUES ( 'Two', '2013-06-20T08:00:00', '2013-06-20T09:59:59' )");
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO my_calendar (rname, alpha, omega) VALUES ( 'Two', '2013-06-20T11:00:00', '2013-06-20T12:59:59' )");


// SHOW THE CALENDAR
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM my_calendar");
while ($row = $res->fetch_object()) { print_r($row); }


// SCHEDULE A RESOURCE FROM 1:00pm TO 3:00pm
$rname = 'One';
$alpha = date('c', strtotime('June 20, 2013 1:00pm'));
$omega = date('c', strtotime('June 20, 2013 3:00pm - 1 SECOND'));

$res = $mysqli->query("LOCK TABLES my_calendar");
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT id FROM my_calendar WHERE rname = '$rname' AND ( (alpha BETWEEN '$alpha' AND '$omega') OR (omega BETWEEN '$alpha' AND '$omega') )  LIMIT 1");
$num = $res->num_rows;
if ($num == 0)
{
    $res = $mysqli->query("INSERT INTO my_calendar (rname, alpha, omega) VALUES ( '$rname', '$alpha', '$omega' )");
    echo "SCHEDULED $rname FROM $alpha TO $omega" . PHP_EOL;
}
else
{
    echo "CONFLICT! $rname FROM $alpha TO $omega" . PHP_EOL;
}
$res = $mysqli->query("UNLOCK TABLES my_calendar");


// TRY TO SCHEDULE THE SAME RESOURCE FROM 2:00pm TO 4:00pm
$rname = 'One';
$alpha = date('c', strtotime('June 20, 2013 2:00pm'));
$omega = date('c', strtotime('June 20, 2013 4:00pm - 1 SECOND'));

$res = $mysqli->query("LOCK TABLES my_calendar");
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT id FROM my_calendar WHERE rname = '$rname' AND ( (alpha BETWEEN '$alpha' AND '$omega') OR (omega BETWEEN '$alpha' AND '$omega') )  LIMIT 1");
$num = $res->num_rows;
if ($num == 0)
{
    $mysqli->query("INSERT INTO my_calendar (rname, alpha, omega) VALUES ( '$rname', '$alpha', '$omega' )");
    echo "SCHEDULED $rname FROM $alpha TO $omega" . PHP_EOL;
}
else
{
    echo "CONFLICT! $rname FROM $alpha TO $omega" . PHP_EOL;
}
$res = $mysqli->query("UNLOCK TABLES my_calendar");


// TRY TO SCHEDULE A DIFFERENT RESOURCE FROM 2:00pm TO 4:00pm
$rname = 'Two';
$alpha = date('c', strtotime('June 20, 2013 2:00pm'));
$omega = date('c', strtotime('June 20, 2013 4:00pm - 1 SECOND'));

$res = $mysqli->query("LOCK TABLES my_calendar");
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT id FROM my_calendar WHERE rname = '$rname' AND ( (alpha BETWEEN '$alpha' AND '$omega') OR (omega BETWEEN '$alpha' AND '$omega') )  LIMIT 1");
$num = $res->num_rows;
if ($num == 0)
{
    $mysqli->query("INSERT INTO my_calendar (rname, alpha, omega) VALUES ( '$rname', '$alpha', '$omega' )");
    echo "SCHEDULED $rname FROM $alpha TO $omega" . PHP_EOL;
}
else
{
    echo "CONFLICT! $rname FROM $alpha TO $omega" . PHP_EOL;
    while ($row = $res->fetch_object()) { var_dump($row); }
}
$res = $mysqli->query("UNLOCK TABLES my_calendar");


// SHOW THE RESULTING CALENDAR
$res = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM my_calendar");
while ($row = $res->fetch_object()) { print_r($row); } 

Practical Application #13

实际应用＃13

What time will the sun rise or set?  PHP can tell you this if you set your location and timezone correctly.  However your location in the default PHP installation is probably wrong unless you're in Israel near the PHP developers at Zend.  There are two initialization settings for your location: latitude and longitude, and conveniently they are settable in your PHP script.  They can also be set in the function calls to date_sunrise() and date_sunset().  Interestingly, they are independent of your timezone settings, and if you don't have all three settings in consonance, you may get incorrect output from the functions.  The code snippet shows how to determine the time of sunrise and sunset.  The user-contributed notes for date_sunrise() have some interesting and useful observations, too.

太阳什么时候升起或落山？ 如果您正确设置了位置和时区，PHP可以告诉您。 但是，除非您在以色列的ZendPHP开发人员附近，否则您在默认PHP安装中的位置可能是错误的。 您所在的位置有两个初始化设置：纬度和经度，可以方便地在您PHP脚本中设置它们。 也可以在对date_sunrise（）和date_sunset（）的函数调用中设置它们。 有趣的是，它们与您的时区设置无关，并且如果您没有同时使用所有三个设置，则可能会从函数中获得错误的输出。 该代码段显示了如何确定日出和日落的时间。 用户为date_sunrise（）提供的注释也有一些有趣且有用的观察结果。

<?php // demo/sunrise.php
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// REF: http://php.net/manual/en/datetime.configuration.php
// REF: http://php.net/manual/en/function.date-sunrise.php

/**
 * There is no date_default_longitude_set() or date_default_longitude_get()
 * These values are settable PHP_INI_ALL and gettable with ini_get()
 * If you're using the default values and you're not located in Israel...
 * your computations will probably come out wrong.
 */

// GET VALUES BASED ON EXISTING DEFAULTS
$lat = ini_get('date.default_latitude');
$lon = ini_get('date.default_longitude');
$dtz = date_default_timezone_get();

$sun = date_sunrise(strtotime('TODAY'), SUNFUNCS_RET_TIMESTAMP);
echo PHP_EOL . "LOCATION: $lat, $lon ($dtz) OBSERVES SUNRISE AT: ";
echo date('r', $sun);

// CHANGE VALUES TO LOS ANGELES
ini_set('date.default_latitude',    '34.071103');
ini_set('date.default_longitude', '-118.440150');
date_default_timezone_set('America/Los_Angeles');

$lat = ini_get('date.default_latitude');
$lon = ini_get('date.default_longitude');
$dtz = date_default_timezone_get();

$sun = date_sunrise(strtotime('TODAY'), SUNFUNCS_RET_TIMESTAMP);
echo PHP_EOL . "LOCATION: $lat, $lon ($dtz) OBSERVES SUNRISE AT: ";
echo date('r', $sun);

// SHOW THAT THERE IS NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME ZONE AND LAT/LON
date_default_timezone_set('America/New_York');
$dtz = date_default_timezone_get();

$sun = date_sunrise(strtotime('TODAY'), SUNFUNCS_RET_TIMESTAMP);
echo PHP_EOL . "LOCATION: $lat, $lon ($dtz) DOES <i>NOT</i> OBSERVE SUNRISE AT: ";
echo date('r', $sun); 

Practical Application #14

实际应用＃14

When it is some given time in one time zone, what time is it in another time zone?  This function can tell you.  It is much easier to use PHP's built-in time computations than trying to write your own because PHP will automatically account for leap years and daylight savings time. 

如果在一个时区中有给定时间，那么在另一个时区中是什么时间？ 此功能可以告诉您。 使用PHP的内置时间计算比尝试编写自己的时间要容易得多，因为PHP会自动考虑leap年和夏时制。

If you need a list of the timezone identifiers, PHP can give you that: print_r( timezone_identifiers_list() );

如果您需要时区标识符的列表，PHP可以为您提供：print_r（ timezone_identifiers_list（） ）;

<?php // demo/timezone_difference.php

/**
 * http://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/28701866/PHP-Difference-between-timezones.html
 */
error_reporting(E_ALL);


// A FUNCTION TO COMPUTE THE CLOCK-SETTING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO TIMEZONES
function timezone_difference($tz1, $tz2, $date='NOW')
{
    $now = strtotime($date);
    $ond = date('c', $now);
    $sig = NULL;

    // THE RETURN ARRAY HAS THESE FIELDS
    $ret = array
    ( 'from' => $tz1
    , 'is'   => 'same as'
    , 'to'   => $tz2
    , 'secs' => '0'
    , 'hhmm' => '00:00'
    , 'asof' => $ond
    )
    ;

    // SAVE ORIGINAL TIMEZONE
    $old = date_default_timezone_get();

    // GET TIMEZONE SETTINGS
    date_default_timezone_set($tz1);
    $zz1 = date('Z', $now);
    date_default_timezone_set($tz2);
    $zz2 = date('Z', $now);

    // RESTORE ORIGINAL TIMEZONE
    date_default_timezone_set($old);

    // COMPUTE THE CLOCK DIFFERENCE
    $dif = $zz2 - $zz1;
    if ($dif < 0) $sig = '-';
    if ($dif > 0) $sig = '+';
    if ($sig == '-') $ret['is'] = 'ahead of';
    if ($sig == '+') $ret['is'] = 'behind';

    $dif = abs($dif);
    $fmt = date('H:i', strtotime("TODAY + $dif SECONDS"));
    $ret['secs'] = $sig . $dif;
    $ret['hhmm'] = $sig . $fmt;
    return $ret;
}

// OBSERVE THE FUNCTION IN ACTION
echo '<pre>';
$tz1 = 'America/Chicago';
$tz2 = 'America/St_Johns';
$tzd = timezone_difference($tz1, $tz2);
var_dump($tzd); 

Practical Application #15

实际应用＃15

Given a country code, what are its time zones?  Given a time zone, what country is in play?  This application can answer that question.

给定国家代码 ，其时区是什么？ 给定一个时区，哪个国家在起作用？ 该应用程序可以回答该问题。

<?php // demo/country_time_zones.php

/**
 * http://php.net/manual/en/datetimezone.construct.php
 * http://php.net/manual/en/datetimezone.listidentifiers.php
 * http://php.net/manual/en/datetimezone.getlocation.php
 */
error_reporting(E_ALL);


// CLASSES TO HOLD TIMEZONE-TO-ISO_3166 DATA
Class CountryTimeZone
{
    public function __construct($timezone, $iso_3166)
    {
        $this->timezone = $timezone;
        $this->country  = $iso_3166;
    }
}

Class CountryTimeZones
{
    public $timezones = [];
    public $countries = [];
    public function add($timezone, $iso_3166)
    {
        $this->timezones[$timezone] = new CountryTimeZone($timezone, $iso_3166);
        $this->countries[$iso_3166][] = $timezone;
    }
    public function getCountry($timezone)
    {
        return array_key_exists($timezone, $this->timezones)
        ? $this->timezones[$timezone]->country
        : FALSE
        ;
    }
    public function getTimeZones($iso_3166)
    {
        return array_key_exists($iso_3166, $this->countries)
        ? $this->countries[$iso_3166]
        : FALSE
        ;
    }
}


// COLLECT THE DATA SET
$ctz = new CountryTimeZones;
$arr = DateTimeZone::listIdentifiers(DateTimeZone::ALL);

foreach ($arr as $tz_name)
{
    $obj = new DateTimeZone($tz_name);
    $sub = $obj->getLocation();
    $iso = $sub['country_code'];
    $ctz->add($tz_name, $iso);
}


// DEMONSTRATE THE CLASS
echo '<pre>';
var_dump($ctz->getCountry('America/New_York'));
var_dump($ctz->getCountry('America/Panama'));
var_dump($ctz->getCountry('America/Los_Angeles'));
var_dump($ctz->getCountry('UTC'));
var_dump($ctz->getCountry('wtf'));

var_dump($ctz->getTimeZones('PA'));
var_dump($ctz->getTimeZones('CN'));
var_dump($ctz->getTimeZones('US'));
var_dump($ctz->getTimeZones('??'));


// SAVE THE DATA SET
var_export($ctz); 

Practical Application #16

实际应用＃16

How can I create a range of dates (inspired by this question: http://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/28705704/Looping-through-Dates-in-PHP.html)

如何创建日期范围 （受此问题启发： http : //www.experts-exchange.com/questions/28705704/Looping-through-Dates-in-PHP.html ）

<?php // demo/temp_apd_toronto.php

/**
 * http://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/28705704/Looping-through-Dates-in-PHP.html
 *
 * How can I create a range of dates?
 * How can I represent internal dates consistently? ISO-8601
 * How can I add one day to a given date?
 */
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// A DATE SETTING MAY BE REQUIRED - DEPENDS ON PHP INSTALLATION SETTINGS
date_default_timezone_set('America/Chicago');

// SET THE START AND END DATES
$alpha = 'July 15, 2015';
$omega = 'Aug  14, 2015';

// COMPUTE AND DISPLAY THE RANGE OF DATES
$range = date_range($alpha, $omega);
print_r($range);


function date_range($a, $z)
{
    $return = [];

    // NORMALIZE THE DATES
    $alpha = date('c', strtotime($a));
    $omega = date('c', strtotime($z));

    // SANITIZE THE INPUT ARGUMENTS (OR USE TYPE HINTING)
    if (!$alpha || !$omega) trigger_error('Invalid input to date_range()', E_USER_ERROR);

    // CREATE THE RANGE
    while ($alpha <= $omega)
    {
        $return[] = $alpha;
        $alpha = date('c', strtotime($alpha . ' + 1 DAY'));
    }
    return $return;
} 

Practical Application #17

实际应用＃17

You might like the jQuery datepicker.  This is not a PHP issue, but it's a popular question, so I'll just leave the example here.

您可能喜欢jQuery datepicker 。 这不是PHP的问题，而是一个受欢迎的问题，因此我将在此处保留示例。

<?php // demo/datepicker.php
/**
 * Demonstrate the jQuery Date Picker
 */
error_reporting(E_ALL);
echo '<pre>';

// IF THE DATE WAS SUBMITTED, USE IT IN PHP
if (!empty($_POST['chosen_date']))
{
    $chosen_date = 'Invalid date value';
    $timestamp = strtotime($_POST['chosen_date']);
    if ($timestamp)
    {
        $chosen_date = date('Y-m-d', $timestamp);
    }
    echo PHP_EOL . "You chose date: <b>$chosen_date</b>";
}
// CREATE THE HTML USING HEREDOC NOTATION (ADAPTED FROM http://jqueryui.com/datepicker/)
$htm = <<<EOD
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>jQuery UI Datepicker - Default functionality</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/themes/base/jquery-ui.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jqueryui.com/datepicker/resources/demos/style.css">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
    $("#datepicker").datepicker();
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">
<p>Date: <input name="chosen_date" type="text" id="datepicker" /></p>
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
EOD;

echo $htm; 

Practical Application #18

实际应用＃18

How long does it take your client to fill out a form?  A bit of jQuery can identify the load time and the submit time.  The difference between these two times gives us the answer.

您的客户需要多长时间填写一份表格？ 一点点的jQuery可以识别加载时间和提交时间。 这两次之间的差异为我们提供了答案。

<?php // demo/submit_time_example.php
/**
 * Find out how long it takes your client to submit a form
 *
 * JavaScript date().toString() returns something like this:
 *    Sat Apr 09 2016 07:33:27 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)
 * PHP needs something like this (33 characters):
 *    Sat Apr 09 2016 07:33:27 GMT-0400
 */
error_reporting(E_ALL);


if (!empty($_POST))
{
    if ($alpha = strtotime( substr($_POST['alpha'],0,33) ))
    {
        if ($omega = strtotime( substr($_POST['omega'],0,33) ))
        {
            $lapse = $omega - $alpha;
            $timex = date('i:s', strtotime("TODAY + $lapse SECONDS"));
            echo PHP_EOL . "It took $timex (minutes:seconds) to submit this form";
        } else { echo 'Error in omega value'; }
    } else { echo 'Error in alpha value'; }

     // ACTIVATE THIS TO SHOW THE REQUEST
     // var_dump($_POST);
}


// CREATE OUR WEB PAGE IN HTML5 FORMAT
$htm = <<<HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="ltr" lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />

<style type="text/css">
/* STYLE SHEET HERE */
</style>

<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
    var tload = new Date().toString();
    var alpha = $("<input>").attr("type", "hidden").attr("name", "alpha").val(tload);
    $("#myForm").append($(alpha));

    $("#myForm").submit(function(e){
        var tsubm = new Date().toString();
        var omega = $("<input>").attr("type", "hidden").attr("name", "omega").val(tsubm);
        $("#myForm").append($(omega));
    });
});
</script>

<title>HTML5 Page With jQuery in UTF-8 Encoding</title>
</head>
<body>

<noscript>Your browsing experience will be much better with JavaScript enabled!</noscript>

<form id="myForm" method="post">
<input type="submit" />
</form>

</body>
</html>
HTML5;


// RENDER THE WEB PAGE
echo $htm; 

Object-Oriented DATETIME Notation

面向对象的DATETIME表示法

See http://php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php for object-oriented ways of processing date and time information.  It's the same set of concepts but wrapped in OOP notation that may play better with some object-oriented frameworks.

有关处理日期和时间信息的面向对象方法，请参见http://php.net/manual/zh/class.datetime.php 。 这是一组相同的概念，但用OOP表示法包装，在某些面向对象的框架中可能会更好地发挥作用。

Creativity and Routine

创造力与常规

Like most things in computer programming, there are several ways to achieve equivalent results.  This article has shown some tried-and-true ways to use PHP's powerful date / time processing functions.  The methods shown here will help you get quick and accurate answers to many common questions, all with a minimum risk of introducing bugs into the code.  Some additional references may be of interest to you.  See http://php.net/manual/en/ref.calendar.php and http://php.net/manual/en/refs.calendar.php for more interesting information about calendars, dates and times.  See http://php.net/manual/en/datetime.formats.relative.php for some interesting things that play well with strToTime(). 

像计算机编程中的大多数事物一样，有几种方法可以达到相同的结果。 本文展示了一些使用PHP强大的日期/时间处理功能的可靠方法。 此处显示的方法将帮助您快速准确地回答许多常见问题，所有这些将代码中引入错误的风险降到最低。 您可能还需要一些其他参考。 有关日历，日期和时间的更多有趣信息，请参见http://php.net/manual/en/ref.calendar.php和http://php.net/manual/en/refs.calendar.php 。 请参阅http://php.net/manual/zh-CN/datetime.formats.relative.php，了解一些有趣的东西，它们可以与strToTime（）很好地配合使用。

Please give us your feedback!

请给我们您的反馈意见！

If you found this article helpful, please click the "thumb's up" button below. Doing so lets the E-E community know what is valuable for E-E members and helps provide direction for future articles.  If you have questions or comments, please add them.  Thanks!

如果您发现本文有帮助，请单击下面的“竖起大拇指”按钮。 这样做可以使EE社区了解对EE成员有价值的内容，并为将来的文章提供指导。 如果您有任何问题或意见，请添加。 谢谢！

翻译自: https://www.experts-exchange.com/articles/201/Handling-Date-and-Time-in-PHP-and-MySQL-Procedural-Version.html

mysql存储过程日期处理