Servlet中的ServletContext接口

For every Web application a ServletContext object is created by the web container. ServletContext object is used to get configuration information from Deployment Descriptor(web.xml) which will be available to any servlet or JSPs that are part of the web app.

对于每个Web应用程序 ，Web容器都会创建一个ServletContext对象。 ServletContext对象用于从部署描述符 (web.xml)获取配置信息，该信息对于Web应用程序中的任何Servlet或JSP都可用。

ServletContext的一些重要方法 (Some Important method of ServletContext)

Methods	Description
Object getAttribute(String name)	returns the container attribute with the given name, or NULL if there is no attribute by that name.
String getInitParameter(String name)	returns parameter value for the specified parameter name, or NULL if the parameter does not exist
Enumeration getInitParameterNames()	returns the names of the context's initialization parameters as an Enumeration of String objects
void setAttribute(String name,Object obj)	set an object with the given attribute name in the application scope
void removeAttribute(String name)	removes the attribute with the specified name from the application context

方法	描述
对象getAttribute(String name)	返回具有给定名称的容器属性，如果该名称没有属性，则返回NULL。
字符串getInitParameter(String name)	返回指定参数名称的参数值；如果参数不存在，则返回NULL
枚举getInitParameterNames()	以字符串对象的枚举形式返回上下文的初始化参数的名称
setAttribute(String name,Object obj)无效	在应用程序范围内设置具有给定属性名称的对象
void removeAttribute(String name)	从应用程序上下文中删除具有指定名称的属性

如何在web.xml中初始化上下文参数 (How Context Parameter is Initialized inside web.xml)

如何获取ServletContext的对象 (How to get the Object of ServletContext)

ServletContext app = getServletContext();OR
ServletContext app = getServletConfig().getServletContext();

ServletContext的优点 (Advantages of ServletContext)

• Provides communication between servlets

  提供Servlet之间的通信

• Available to all servlets and JSPs that are part of the web app

  适用于Web应用程序中的所有Servlet和JSP

• Used to get configuration information from web.xml

  用于从web.xml获取配置信息

上下文初始化参数和Servlet初始化参数之间的区别 (Difference between Context Init Parameters and Servlet Init Parameter)

Context Init parameters	Servlet Init parameter
Available to all servlets and JSPs that are part of web	Available to only servlet for which the <init-param> was configured
Context Init parameters are initialized within the <web-app> not within a specific <servlet> elements	Initialized within the <servlet> for each specific servlet.
ServletContext object is used to get Context Init parameters	ServletConfig object is used to get Servlet Init parameters
Only one ServletContext object for entire web app	Each servlet has its own ServletConfig object

上下文初始化参数	Servlet初始化参数
适用于Web的所有Servlet和JSP	仅对配置了<init-param>的servlet可用
上下文初始化参数在<web-app>而不是在特定的<servlet>元素中初始化	在<servlet>为每个特定的servlet初始化。
ServletContext对象用于获取Context Init参数	ServletConfig对象用于获取Servlet的Init参数
整个Web应用程序只有一个ServletContext对象	每个Servlet都有自己的ServletConfig对象

演示ServletContext用法的示例 (Example demonstrating usage of ServletContext)

web.xml

web.xml

<web-app ...>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>driverName</param-name>
    <param-value>sun.jdbc.JdbcOdbcDriver</param-value>
  </context-param>
   
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>MyServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
   
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping> 
     
</web-app>

MyServlet class :

MyServlet类：

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        ServletContext sc = getServletContext();
        out.println(sc.getInitParameter("driverName"));   
    }
}

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/servlet/servlet-context.php