dbms_了解DBMS架构

dbms

A Database Management system is not always directly available for users and applications to access and store data in it. A Database Management system can be centralised(all the data stored at one location), decentralised(multiple copies of database at different locations) or hierarchical, depending upon its architecture.

用户和应用程序并不总是可以直接使用数据库管理系统来访问和存储其中的数据。 数据库管理系统可以是集中式的 (所有数据存储在一个位置)， 分散式的 (在不同位置的数据库的多个副本)或分层的 ，具体取决于其体系结构。

1-tier DBMS architecture also exist, this is when the database is directly available to the user for using it to store data. Generally such a setup is used for local application development, where programmers communicate directly with the database for quick response.

还存在1层DBMS体系结构，这是用户可以直接使用数据库来存储数据的时候。 通常，这种设置用于本地应用程序开发，程序员在程序开发中直接与数据库通信以快速响应。

Database Architecture is logically of two types:

逻辑上，数据库体系结构有两种类型：

1. 2-tier DBMS architecture

   2层DBMS架构

2. 3-tier DBMS architecture

   3层DBMS架构

2层DBMS架构 (2-tier DBMS Architecture)

2-tier DBMS architecture includes an Application layer between the user and the DBMS, which is responsible to communicate the user's request to the database management system and then send the response from the DBMS to the user.

2层DBMS体系结构在用户和DBMS之间包括一个应用程序层 ，该层负责将用户的请求传达给数据库管理系统，然后将响应从DBMS发送给用户。

An application interface known as ODBC(Open Database Connectivity) provides an API that allow client side program to call the DBMS. Most DBMS vendors provide ODBC drivers for their DBMS.

一个称为ODBC (开放数据库连接)的应用程序接口提供了一个API，该API允许客户端程序调用DBMS。 大多数DBMS供应商为其DBMS提供ODBC驱动程序。

Such an architecture provides the DBMS extra security as it is not exposed to the End User directly. Also, security can be improved by adding security and authentication checks in the Application layer too.

这样的体系结构为DBMS提供了额外的安全性，因为它不会直接暴露给最终用户。 同样，可以通过在应用程序层中添加安全性和身份验证检查来提高安全性。

3层DBMS架构 (3-tier DBMS Architecture)

3-tier DBMS architecture is the most commonly used architecture for web applications.

3层DBMS体系结构是Web应用程序最常用的体系结构。

It is an extension of the 2-tier architecture. In the 2-tier architecture, we have an application layer which can be accessed programatically to perform various operations on the DBMS. The application generally understands the Database Access Language and processes end users requests to the DBMS.

它是2层体系结构的扩展。 在2层体系结构中，我们有一个应用程序层，可以通过编程访问该应用程序层以在DBMS上执行各种操作。 该应用程序通常了解数据库访问语言，并处理最终用户对DBMS的请求。

In 3-tier architecture, an additional Presentation or GUI Layer is added, which provides a graphical user interface for the End user to interact with the DBMS.

在3层体系结构中，添加了一个附加的表示层或GUI层，该层为最终用户提供了与DBMS交互的图形用户界面。

For the end user, the GUI layer is the Database System, and the end user has no idea about the application layer and the DBMS system.

对于最终用户，GUI层是数据库系统，而最终用户对应用程序层和DBMS系统一无所知。

If you have used MySQL, then you must have seen PHPMyAdmin, it is the best example of a 3-tier DBMS architecture.

如果您使用过MySQL ，那么您一定已经看过PHPMyAdmin ，它是3层DBMS体系结构的最佳示例。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/dbms/architecture-of-database.php

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